Mwachilengedwe, nthawi zonse pamakhala kulimbana kwa malo ndi chakudya. Palibe opambana pankhondo iyi. Kuyanjana kwachilengedwe kumangokhazikitsidwa pomwe oimira opindulitsa a fauna satha kuthamanga kwa kubereka kwa tizilombo. Ndipo tizirombo tosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri tomwe timayimira mitundu yambiri ya nyama, timatha kuwononga madera ambiri ndi masamba, tirigu ndi zipatso zipatso tsiku limodzi. M'minda yolimidwa, eni eni minda ndi minda yakhitchini ayamba kulimbana ndi tizirombo tokha m'njira zawo. Munkhaniyi, tikugulirani tizirombo 6 tating'ono kwambiri ta mbewu za m'mundamo ndi zoyenera kuthana nazo.
1. Nkhupakupa - tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tosiyanasiyana
Pakati pa nkhupakupa, nthata zodziwika kwambiri ndi zofala (Tetranychidae) Mwa mitundu ya 50,000, yoposa 1,250 imapezeka kulikonse, kuphatikizapo Antarctica. Spider nthata ndi ochepa arachnids. Amuna 0.3-0.6 mm, zazimayi mpaka 1.0 mm. Thupi la kangaude limakhala lozungulira, lokutidwa ndi setae yaying'ono, nthawi zina ma microscopic warts. Pamutu pali awiriawiri amaso, zida zamkamwa zoyamwa. Miyendo isanu. Mtundu wa kangaude imasinthasintha ndipo zimatengera mtundu wa omwe akubwera. Nthawi zambiri, nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, wobiriwira, bulawuni, wobiriwira, wachikasu, komanso wakuda.
Pobowola minofu, kangaude amayamwa zomwe zili m'matumbo.
Wamba kangaude (Tetranychus urticae). © Gilles San MartinMlingo Wowopsa wa Spider
Spider nthata, pogula chomera, amatha kuwononga m'masiku atatu. Minkhusu ya nkhupakupa, kuphatikiza kuthamanga kwa kubereka (kuyambira pakumanga kupita kwa munthu wamkulu kumatenga masiku 7), m'malo oyenera azachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa tsamba la zomera zobiriwira zomwe sizidzachokeranso ndipo ziyenera kuwonongeka.
Kuti adziteteze ku zachilengedwe, nkhupakupa zimasaka malo awo okhala ndi tsamba loonda (osati mitundu yonse). Amakhala m'magulu pansi pa masamba, masamba ambiri padziko lapansi. Mazira mpaka zaka 5 amakhalabe ochita bwino.
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zimakhudza nkhupakupa?
Mitundu yonse ya nkhupakupa ndiyomwe ili m'gulu la tizirombo toopsa ta mbewu zam'mapiri ndi zikhalidwe. Tizilombo timakhala pachomera chilichonse, kuphatikizapo maluwa ndi mkati. Amakopeka kwambiri ndi zipatso zonse, sitiroberi, nyemba, anyezi, jasmine, maluwa. Mwa maluwa, begonia, gladioli, tulips, hyacinths, orchid ndi ena.
Zizindikiro zakunja za chomera zowonongeka ndi nkhupakupa
Pa masamba a chomera chopanda matenda (powala bwino) mawanga achikasu, mabowo ang'onoang'ono, mawonekedwe amtundu wa siliva (matangadza), kusinthana kwa mbewu, kusintha kwa tsamba kumawoneka. Kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi nthanu za akangaude nthawi zambiri ndi epiphytotic.
Chomera cha kangaude. © Jaakko LaurilaNjira Zowongolera Mafunso
Zopewera, zamankhwala, zachilengedwe.
Kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yopulumutsa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa, makamaka m'nyumba komanso kukula panthaka, kuwunika kwazomera ndikofunikira. Ngati mukukayikira kuti wapezeka ndi nkhupakupa (makamaka maluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa), gwiritsani ntchito mbewuzo ndi pyrethrum kapena mankhwala abwinoko Iskra-bio, Akarin, Fitoverm
Panthawi yowonongeka kwambiri kwa mbewu zam'mera ndi nthata za ma kangaude (masiku 30 mpaka 30 asanatolole), mbewu zimatha kuwazidwa ndi karbofos, celtan, difocol, telly ndi mankhwala ena okhudzana ndi matumbo. Salufule ya Colloidal imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo obiriwira.
Onani zinthu zathu mwatsatanetsatane: Nthomba ndi tizirombo tachilengedwe tokongola.
Onani tsamba lotsatira kuti mupeze mndandanda wa tizirombo toopsa kwambiri.
