Monga mukudziwa, duwa ili ndi limodzi mwa maluwa oyamba kutulutsa maluwa m'mundawo koyambirira kwa nyengo ndipo amasangalatsa wamaluwa ndi maluwa owala komanso onunkhira bwino. Ma hyacinths akuwombera mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira oyera komanso achikaso achikaso kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki ndi yofiirira mpaka burgundy, yofiirira komanso yakuda. ChinyamaHyacinthus) - chomera chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chikhala chotseguka, chokakamiza kale m'nyumba, komanso kudula. Zokhudza mawonekedwe a ma hyacinths - nkhaniyi.
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus).
Kufotokozera kwamabzomera za mbewu
Babu la hyacinth ndi wandiweyani, wokhala ndi masamba a masamba omwe amakhala ndi gawo lonse la anyezi wa babu ndi zitsulo zawo. Phata lamaluwa limapitiliza tsinde, lomwe siliri kanthu koma m'munsi, lomwe limafupikitsidwa kwambiri komanso gawo lakuda la tsinde.
Maluwa atapangidwa, thunthu lobala maluwa obiriwira, pamodzi ndi masamba obiriwira omwe amakhala pansi kwambiri, amawuma, koma mkati mwa masamba obiriwira kwambiri masamba obiriwira pamtengowo, mkati mwa babu, duwa lomwe limakula pang'onopang'ono ndikusintha bulb yaying'ono yomwe imamasula Chaka chamawa. Mu bulb wachichepere wamtunduwu m'dzinja, tsinde lomwe lili ndi maluwa a chaka chamawa ladzaza kale, mwachidziwikire, lomwe limapanikizika kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa bulb wachichepere uyu, mababu ena ofooka, otchedwa ana, amatha kudzipatula m'makona a masamba obiriwira otsalira. Patatha zaka zitatu, amatha kuphuka.
Maluwa a Hyacinth amasonkhanitsidwa kumtunda kwa tsinde mu burashi. Perianth wawo, wopanga ngati belu lopota ngati belu, ali ndi utoto wowala komanso masamba owongoka.
Chipatsochi chili ngati bokosi lachikopa lomwe lili ndi zisa zitatu zokhala ndi njere ziwiri zokhala ndi khungu losalimba.
Kusankha Malo a Ma Hyacinths M'munda
Malo a hyacinths ayenera kuyatsidwa bwino ndikutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu. Olima ena amalimbikitsa kuwabzala, monga mababu ena, pafupi ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo. Malangizowo siabwino. Inde, kasupe wa dzuwa amakhala wokwanira, koma mizu ya mitengo ndi zitsamba zimatenga michere kuchokera m'nthaka ndikuwonongeka kwa ma hyacinths.
Malo a hyacinths ndi abwino ngakhale, makamaka ndi malo otsetsereka pang'ono, kupereka madzi otumphukira nthawi yachisanu ikasungunuka ndi chipale chofewa komanso pakagwa mvula yambiri. Kusefukira kwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa matenda akulu komanso kufa kwa mababu. Madzi akuya pansi sayenera kupitirira 50-60 cm.Mlitali, amapanga ngalande kapena amakonza zitunda zochuluka.
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus).
Dothi la hyacinths
Ma hyacinths amafunikira madzi owuma bwino, okhala ndi manyowa osalala okhala ndi manyowa ambiri, koma manyowa atsopano komanso osachedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito sawavomerezeka. Dongo la mumtsinje ndi peat zimawonjezeredwa ndi dongo, d wandi wandiweyani. Ndi osafunika kukula ma hyacinths panthaka za acidic. Dothi la Acidic liyenera kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito choko kapena miyala ya mchenga ku 6.H.
Kubzala ma hyacinths
Akatswiri amalangiza kukonzekera malo oti abzale ma hyacinths mu Ogasiti, miyezi iwiri musanabza mababu, apo ayi, kufalikira kwa nthaka kungayambitse kudula mizu, komwe kumayamba kukula m'dzinja.
Nthaka iyenera kubzalidwa bwino, yakuya masentimita 40. Pokumba, humus kapena manyowa owola umayikidwa pa mulingo wa 10-15 makilogalamu pa 1 m2, mchenga, peat ndi feteleza wa mineral: 60-80 g ya superphosphate, 30 g ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi 15 pa 1 m² g wa magnesium sulfate.
Potaziyamu sulfate ikhoza kulowa m'malo mwa phulusa lamatabwa 200, ndi sodium magnesium ndi 250 g ya dolomite ufa. Pa dothi lamchenga, Mlingo wa potashi ndi feteleza wa magnesium uyenera kuchuluka nthawi 1.5. Ponena za feteleza wa nayitrogeni, amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu April ndi chilimwe m'njira yovala pamwamba.
Chapakati pa Russia, mababu a hyacinth amabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ngati mukubzala m'mawa kwambiri, ma hyacinths amatha kuyamba kumera ndi kufa nthawi yozizira, ndipo ngati abzalidwa mochedwa, sangakhale ndi mizu mpaka nthaka itayamba kuzama.
Mukabzala ma hyacinths, D. G. Hession akuwonjeza, kuwonjezera pakuwona kuya ndi kutalika kwa kubzala, kukumbukira zinthu ziwiri: choyambirira, musasankhe mabulu akulu kwambiri omwe amakonzedwa kuti akakamize, koma mababu apakatikati, otchedwa "mabedi a maluwa", kuti mubzale kupereka kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi mapesi a nyengo; Kachiwiri, kompositi kapena mboza yozunguliridwa bwino iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzitsime mukadzabzala ngati sikunawonjezeredwe panthawi yoyamba kukumba dothi.
Komabe, mutha kubzala ma hyacinths mpaka theka loyamba la Novembala. Kenako malowo azikhala otetezedwa ndi masamba kapena zinthu zina kuchokera kuzomwe zili pafupi, ndikuziteteza ndi filimu ku mvula ndi matalala. Ndipo mutabzala, yikani ndikulowetsanso.
Malo odyetserako mababu a hyacinth ndi 15x20 cm.Ulimi wozama kuchokera pansi pa mababuwo ndi 15-18 masentimita kuti uwoneke, mababu akulu, pafupifupi mainchesi 5. Mababu ang'ono ndi ana amabzalidwa osapindulitsa kwambiri.
Kwa ma hyacinths, komanso mababu onse, kuyika mu "malaya amchenga" ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Ukadaulo sukusintha nthawi yomweyo: mchenga wopanda mitsinje umathiridwa pansi pa nkhokwe kapena mabowo wokhala ndi masentimita 3-5. babu limakanikizidwira pang'ono, kenako umakutidwa ndi mchenga, kenako dothi. Njira imeneyi imathetseratu kuwonongeka kwa mababu, kudziteteza ku matenda m'nthaka komanso kukonza ngalande. Ngati nthaka ili youma, kuthirira kuyenera kuthiriridwa kuti tisinthe mizu ya mababu.
East hyacinth "Atlantic" (Hyacinthus orientalis 'Atlantic').
East Hyacinth "Red Medjik" (Hyacinthus orientalis 'Red Matsenga').
Chiyera chakum'mawa "Carnegie" (Hyacinthus orientalis 'Carnegie').
Ngati pali ma hyacinths ambiri, amawokedwa kumapeto 15-20 cm kuteteza mababu ku meltwater. Pakatikati, zitunda zimatenthetsedwa mwachangu, zimathandizira kuyang'ana kumtunda. Kuphatikiza apo, malo osungira mafilimu ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa pazokwera. Wobzalidwa m'mizere mtunda wa 20-25 cm, pakati pa mabuluni moyandikana kusiya ma diameter atatu (akulu a mababu -12-15 cm).
Ndi isanayambike nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuti muganizire zakukhazikika kosungidwa kwa hyacinths. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za mulching monga youma peat, humus, utuchi, komanso masamba owuma ndi nthambi zonunkhira, ndipo nthawi yophukira, nthaka ikayamba kuthothoka, malo okhala ayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala, popeza zimera za hyacinth zimawoneka molawirira kwambiri.
Chosamalidwa
Ma hyacinths - chikhalidwe chomwe chimafuna chisamaliro. Dothi lozungulira malo obzala liyenera kukhala lopanda chofufumitsa, limasulidwa kangapo pachaka, ndikuthiriridwa madzi munthawi yowuma (madzi ayenera kunyowa ndi dothi lakuya mpaka 15-20 cm). Nthawi yakula, mbewu zizidyetsedwa katatu. Njira yofunikira kwambiri yochotsera ndikuchotsa zitsamba zomwe zadwala pamalowo (zipatsozo zimachitika katatu). Mzere waudzu uyenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa; ngati inflorescence siidadulidwa, ndiye kumapeto kwa maluwa ndikofunikira kudula maluwa, ndikusiya peduncle.
Ma feteleza a Hyacinth amatha kuthiriridwa youma kapena kusungunuka m'madzi. Potsirizira pake, feteleza amatengedwa pang'ono, ndipo nthaka ndikuwanyowa musanakhale feteleza. Chovala choyambirira chiziperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa mbewu (20-25 g ya nitrate ndi 15-20 g ya superphosphate pa mita imodzi ya kubzala). 2 - panthawi yophukira (30-35 g ya superphosphate ndi 15-20 g ya potaziyamu sulfate). 3 - kumapeto kwa maluwa (30-35 g of superphosphate ndi 30-35 g wa potaziyamu sulfate). Ma hyacinths amatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wopatsa micronutrient (muwagwiritsenso chimodzimodzi monga pansi pa tulips). Pambuyo umuna, nthaka imasulidwa, ndikuthira feteleza ndi wowaza.
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus).
Ma hyacinths atatha maluwa
Ngati mababu aku Dutch hyacinths atatsalira atatulutsa kuthengo, adzaphuka kwambiri mchaka chachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kudikira mpaka masamba a hyacinths atembenuke chikasu, ndikukumba mababu.
Wofesa maluwa wotchuka ku Russia A. Razin adawona kuti kutha kwa mwezi wa June ndikuyamba kwa Julayi ndiye nthawi yabwino kwambiri yokumba ma hyacinths. Ngakhale panali zovuta, wolima maluwa adakhulupirira kuti imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kuti ntchito yopanga ma hyacinths ikhale kukumba kwa mababu pachaka. Zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza mababu, kulekanitsa ana kuti akukule, kuthandizira mababu kuti muteteze matenda ndikuteteza ku tizirombo, ndikuwononga toyesa matenda. A. Razin anakumba mababu, ndinawasambitsa ndi madzi oyera, ndikumawuma pansi pa ndodo. Wofesayo maluwa adakumbamo, wouma ndi kusenda masamba ndi mizu ya babu kuti asungidwe.
Hyacinth Bulb Kusungirako
Kusungidwa kwa mababu okumbidwa ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Inali panthawiyi mu bulb momwe njira yopanga inflorescence imachitikira. Magawo ake osiyanasiyana amafuna kutentha kosiyanasiyana munthawi komanso kayendedwe kena. Ma hyacinths ofunikira amafunikira kutentha kuposa tulips kapena daffodils.
Atangokumba, mababu a ma hyacinths amawuma kwa masiku 5-7 pa 20 ° C m'chipinda chodetsedwa ndi mpweya, kutsukidwa kwa dziko lapansi ndi mizu yotsalira, kenako yosanjidwa ndi kukula ndikuyika mabokosi osapitilira 2. Makanda ang'ono samasiyanitsidwa.
Ngati mababu ndi ochepa, amasungidwa m'matumba okhala ndi zilembo. Komanso kusungiramo mababu akuluakulu otulutsa maluwa a hyacinths tikulimbikitsidwa mu magawo awiri: woyamba - pamatenthedwe kutentha, wachiwiri - kupitilira.
Mu gawo loyamba, mababu a hyacinth amakhala ndi miyezi iwiri pa 25 ... 26 ° C, ndipo lachiwiri mwezi woyamba pa 17 ° C. Chinyezi mchipindacho sichiyenera kukhala chotsika kwambiri, apo ayi mababu adzauma. Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa gawo loyamba pofika sabata, ndiye kuti mu sabata yoyamba ya gawo loyamba kwezani kutentha mpaka 30 ° C (chipindacho chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino).
Ndiosavuta kuwerengera kuti nthawi yonse yakukonzekera ndi masiku osachepera 95. Kuphatikiza apo, musanabzike mababu a hyacinths, ndikofunikira kugwira chipinda chozizira kwambiri kutentha pang'ono pafupi ndi kunja. Chifukwa chake kuti pofuna kuwabzala m'nthawi yoyamba masiku khumi a Okutobala, mababu ayenera kukumbidwa mochedwa kuposa chiyambi cha Julayi. Kukumba mochedwa ndi kusungiramo mababu pamunsi kwambiri ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chopitilira maluwa kwa ma hyacinths.
Nthawi zambiri pakasungidwa nthawi yayitali mkati, ana ambiri amapangidwa. Amasweka mosavuta, chifukwa chake mababu okhala ndi ana ayenera kubzalidwa pansi makamaka mosamala. Nthawi yomweyo, kuya kwa kubzala kuyenera kutsitsidwa ndipo ndikofunikira kuphimba mababu obzalidwa ndi mulch wosanjikiza, ndikuwonjezera poyerekeza ndi pogona ponse ponse. Ana otere amakula zaka 4-5. Ndiosavuta kuyambitsa mapangidwe ake: mutakumba, pukutani pansi pansi pa babu ndi nsanza yowuma, ndikuchotsa mizu.
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus).
Kufalitsa kwa Hyacinth
Mukamaweta mitundu yatsopano ya ma hyacinths, njira yambewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbande sizibwereza zakunja kwa mbewu za makolo. Amamasuka pakatha zaka 5-7. Mbewu zofesedwa m'dzinja, kumapeto kwa Seputembala, m'mabokosi okhala ndi dothi lopangidwa ndi humus, tsamba lamchenga ndi mchenga pazotsatira za 2: 1: 1, ndipo adakulidwa kwa zaka 2 zoyambirira kuzizira.
Kuberekanso kwachilengedwe kwa hyacinths kumachedwa. Kutengera ndi mitundu, anyezi wamkulu amapangira ana 1-2 pachaka, osachepera 3 kapena 4, ndipo ngakhale kawirikawiri, chiwerengero chawo chimatha kufika 5-8.
Ngati ma hyacinths adalekanitsidwa bwino ndi babu a mayi, amadzidulira okha. Ana akapatukana bwino, mababu aakazi samathyoledwa ndikubzala babuyo ndi anawo.
Pazomera zam'mafakitale, ma hyacinths samatambasulidwa ndi magawidwe achilengedwe, koma njira yochita kupanga imachitidwa. Kuti mupeze mababu ambiri, amapita njira zapadera zokakamiza kubereka ma hyacinths.
Popeza masamba owoneka bwino a bulanous ndi akulu kwambiri, ndikuphimba pafupifupi bulb lonse ndipo salekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi maziko ngati mabala a bulbous, ndiye mpaka masamba atsopano atakhazikika, masamba oyambira omwe ali mu membranous ayenera kusiyidwa osavomerezeka kuchokera pansi.
Mfundo iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ziwiri zoberekera pochotsa mababu: kudula ndi kuyamwa pansi. Komabe, pankhaniyi, mababu akuvulala koyamba, kenako nkufa pang'onopang'ono.
Mababu a Hyacinth opangidwira kufalitsa maukonde ayenera kumalandira chithandizo choyambirira: amapezeka ndi mankhwala ophera 1% yothetsera wa potaziyamu, kenako owuma kwa masiku 2 osachepera kutentha kwa + 20 ... +23 º..
F. McMillan Brows m'buku lake "Zomera Zokubzala" amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira zonse ziwiri zokakamizira kufalitsa ma hyacinths.
Hyacinth babu ndi ana opangidwa pansi.
Mababu a Hyacinth
Opaleshoni iyi ikuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo ya mababu. Kuti muchepetse pansi, ndikuwononga babu pang'ono, muyenera kusankha chida. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito supuni yokhala ndi lakuthwa kuti muchepetse pansi. Bulb yonse yotsalira imasiyidwa osakhudzidwa, kenako imayang'aniridwa ngati masamba awo onse ochotsedwa achotsedwa. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi mpeni, koma ndizosavuta kuti awononge likulu la babu.
Kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa matenda, pamwamba pazidutswa za masamba owoneka amathandizidwa ndi fungicide. Mababu amayikidwa m'mabokosi mozikika ndi gawo. Zitha kusungidwa pa waya kapena pa thope lowuma lamchenga.
Kuti apange mapangidwe a callus m'munsi mwa masikelo ndi kuti achedwetse kufalikira kwa matendawa, mababu amasungidwa pamatenthedwe osatsika kuposa + 21 ° C. Pakatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, anyezi achinyamata amapanga magawo a masikelo. Pa bulb imodzi yama hyacinths, ana 20-40 amatha kupanga.
Babu ya amayi omwe ali munjira yolakwika imabzalidwa mumphika kuti ana amaphimbidwa pang'ono ndi gawo lapansi. Zomera zimawumitsidwa kenako zimasungidwa wowonjezera kutentha. Chapakatikati, mababu amayamba kukula ndikupanga masamba, ndipo babu akale limayamba kugwa pang'onopang'ono. Pakutha kwa nyengo yokulira, mababu ang'onoang'ono amakumbidwa, amagawidwa ndikubzala kuti akule. Zomera zazing'ono zimatha pachimake zaka 3-4.
Mababu a hyacinth
Ma hyacinths amatha kufalikira mofulumira ngati mugwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ndi yapita. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndikuti m'malo modula pansi, ochepa okha amadzadula mpaka 0,6 masentimita omwe amapangidwa pansi pa babu.
Pa babu lalikulu la hyacinth, nthawi zambiri mapangidwe anayi amapangidwira kumanja mbali iliyonse (mawonekedwe awiri ophatikizika), ndipo pazing'onozing'ono, ndikokwanira kupanga zigawo ziwiri. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa mababu omwe amapangidwa amachepa, koma amakula.
Ma bulacinth a Hyacinth amapulumutsidwa asanatetezedwe mankhwala chimodzimodzi ndikudula pansi. Mababu oyengedwa amayikidwa pamalo owuma, + otentha (+ 21 ° C) kwa tsiku: pansi pazinthuzi, mawonekedwewo amatseguka bwino. Makunguwo akatsegulidwa, amathandizidwa ndi mafangayi.
Ntchito zotsatirazi ndikusungirako kwa mababu ndizofanana ndi njira yapita. Zotsatira zake, mababu amapangidwa mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za 8-15, zomwe zimatenga zaka 2-3 kuti zikule. Kudula ndikuphwanya pansi sikumangogwiritsidwa ntchito pongofalitsa ma hyacinths. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito polima ma daffodils, chipale chofewa, muskars, nkhalango zamaluwa, ndi maluwa oyera.
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus).
Matenda a Hyacinth ndi Tizilombo
Potseguka pakati pakati, ma hyacinths pafupifupi samadwala matenda ndi tizirombo. Ngozi zowonjezereka zimawayembekezera m'malo obiriwira masamba komanso mkati mwa kuphukira. Ngati ma hyacinths amadwala m'munda wamaluwa, izi nthawi zambiri zimayamba chifukwa:
- Kutenga kwa zinthu zowonongeka kale;
- Kukhazikika pamtondo wokhala ndi madzi acidic;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano kapena kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa mchere;
- Kubzala pambuyo pa otsala ena (mababu ena, komanso mizu);
- Mababu sanakanidwe panthawi yokulira, atakumba, panthawi yosungirako komanso asanabzala;
- Kuyiwalako za kupewa (kukoka mababu, komanso kukakamiza - ndi nthaka);
- Landings anali wandiweyani.
Mukadwala ndi tizirombo, timene timayeretsa m'maluwa, maluwa ake amapendekeka, kumayamba kutuwa komanso kumatulutsa. Pa prophylaxis, mababu amayikidwa asanabzalidwe mu umodzi mwa phosphorous wokhala ndi zokonzekera kwa mphindi 15-20. Ma hyacinths odwala amapukutidwa ndikuwonongeka, enawo amathandizidwanso ndi mankhwala okhala ndi phosphorous.
Mwa matenda, bakiteriya chikasu zowola ndizofala kwambiri kuposa ena. Ndi iyo, zimakhala za babu zimasandulika kukhala ntchofu ndi fungo lakuthwa losasangalatsa. Nthawi yakula, matendawa amatha kuonekeranso ndi kukula kwa zipatso, mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima ndi mawanga pa peduncle ndi masamba, kuwola kwawo. Mababu ali ndi zizindikiro zowonekeratu zowonongeka. Nthawi zonse, zomera ndi mababu omwe ali ndi matenda awonongedwa (ndibwino kuwotcha). Dzimbalo limakhazikika ndi 5% formalin kapena bichi, komwe ma hyacinths amatha kubwezeretsedwanso patatha zaka zochepa.
Ma hyacinths nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chodabwitsa cha kutayika kwa inflorescence: inflorescence, yomwe imawoneka pamwamba pamtunda, imagwera kunja kwa tsamba. Zodabwitsazi sizimayenderana ndi matenda a chomera, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zathupi - kuchuluka kwa mizu. Amayamba ndi chinyezi m'nthaka, ndikusunga mababu pamtunda wosakwanira komanso kubzala koyambirira kwa mababu.
Mitundu ya Hyacinths
Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa misomali yamtundu. Malinga ndi ofufuza ena, amapezeka pafupifupi mitundu 30, pomwe ena amati ndi monotypic, i.e. ndi mtundu umodzi, koma womwe uli ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu. Ma hyacinth amalima malo akumayiko akum'mawa kwa Asia ndi Central Asia.
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus).
Kuchokera mwa ine ndekha ndidzawonjezera nthano yokongola yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi dzina la duwa. Amachokera ku dzina la ngwazi ya Greekthth mythology - wachinyamata wokongola wotchedwa Hyakintos (kapena Hyakinf wa Amikl), yemwe Mulungu dzuwa la Apollo anali kumukonda.
Nthawi ina pa gawo lophunzitsira za discus, mulungu wachangu wa West Wind ,ephyr, yemwe anali wokondana ndi a Hyakynthos, adapha mwana wamwamuna. Pamalo okhetsa magazi a Hyakintos, duwa lokongola lidakula, lomwe Apollo adalemekeza wokondedwa wake womwalirayo.
Kodi muli ndi maluwa? Gawani zomwe mudakumana nazo pakukula kwaubwino mu ndemanga zomwe zalembedwa kapena pa Foramu yathu.
