Kugula kanyumba kapena nyumba yokhala ndi munda, sikuti nthawi zonse timapeza dothi labwinobwino labzala mitengo yolimidwa. Ngati chernozem ndi yachonde, nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba kwambiri kotero kuti si mbewu zonse zomwe zingabzalidwe bwino. Ngati kuwala - kwenikweni otsika humus ndipo amafunika kumayambiriro kwa manyowa, humus. Madenga opangira ndi achilengedwe, omwe masiku ano akupezeka pamsika wokwanira, amathandizira kupeza malo pakati.
Kusakaniza kwa coconut gawo lapansi ndi perlite. © Karl RavnaasKupanga Zinthu Zadothi
Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira zinthu zotere? Kodi zitha kusinthiratu zinthu zachilengedwe? Kodi kuchuluka kwa nthaka kudzachepa pakapita nthawi? Tiyeni tiyese kuyankha mafunso awa.
Dothi lokonzedwa bwino limasintha dothi, limathandizira mbewu kuti izolowere nyengo yatsopano, nthawi yochepa, imayamba kukula, kukulira ndi kupanga mbewu. Monga lamulo, mbewu zobzalidwa zimakula bwino pamtundu wowala, wopumira, wosalowerera. Makhalidwe omwewo, kumene, amapereka nthaka manyowa, humus, compomp. Koma kuti awatengere muyezo woyenera? Mwala wina komanso miyala ya m'miyala ndi michere yomwe imapezeka ndi akatswiri a geology ali ndi kuthekera. Ndiwotsatsa malonda ndipo ali ndi ma ion osinthika kwambiri komanso othandizira. Izi zikuphatikiza mzati, vermiculites, zeze, diatomites, masamba a coconut ndi ena. Dothi limayenda bwino m'malo ogulitsira, omwe amakhala m'matumba kapenanso mabriquette. Alibe alumali, amathandizira pakupanga dothi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu.
Dothi Lapamwamba Lopangidwe
Mwa michere yopezeka mwaluso, perlite ndi vermiculite amagwira ntchito kwambiri masiku ano m'nyumba zamalimwe. Amathandizira dothi lapansi: kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya, wopepuka, amasintha kapangidwe kazinthu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula mbande, mbewu zamkati, mbewu zomera. Amawonjezera dothi lolemera pobzala mbande kapena mbande za zipatso ndi mabulosi panthaka. Samalowa mu mankhwala aliwonse ndi dothi. Mwamtheradi.
PerlitePerlite
Perlite ndi mwala wophulika. Chiphalaphala chotentha chimagwirizana ndi dothi. Mafuta am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi amapezeka pansi. Mafuta omwe amapezeka a obsidian hydroxide ndi mchere womwe umakhala ngati mchenga. Mwa njira, perlite ndi mchenga zimakhala ndi maziko amodzi - silicon oxide, chifukwa chake ndi ofanana pazinthu zawo.
Obsidia hydroxide imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi yobiriira-yoyera ndi yakuda. Pambuyo pokonza, imakhala yoyera, imakhala yopepuka komanso yowoneka bwino. Kukuya komanso kutentha pambuyo pake kumasanduliza mwala kukhala agroperlite, chinthu chochuluka chochuluka chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse mu agronomy.
Zothandiza zimatha agroperlite
Agroperlite imapatsa gawo lapansi, imachulukitsa mpweya, imamasula dothi, lomwe limathandiza kuthetsa chinyezi pazinthu zadongo komanso kugawa chinyezi m'nthaka. Amasintha madzi okhala ndi dothi lowala, amachepetsa acidity, amachepetsa mchere. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomera zochuluka. Amadziunjikira michere yambiri osalowa mu mankhwala, kenako nkuwabwezera pansi, pomwe amalowetsa mbewu motsogozedwa ndi mizu; ndiye kuti, imapereka zinthu zabwinobwino pakukula ndikukula kwa mbewu. Agroperlite ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri pakulima kwa hydroponic.
Mukakonza dothi pazaka zambiri, limaphwanyidwa, ndikungokhala dothi lapansi. Mwachilengedwe wangwiro wopeza mchere.
Perlite amakhalanso ndi katundu wosasangalatsa. Ndiwofowoka kwambiri chifukwa fumbi likagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chake chigoba chodzitchinjiriza ndikofunikira pakugwira ntchito ndi mchere. Perlite microparticles - fumbi lagalasi, lomwe, m'mene limamwa, silimachotsedwa mu thirakiti la kupuma.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi ndi perlite. © SaraKugwiritsa ntchito agroperlite
M'minda yolima, agroperlite imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta dothi, kukonza nthaka posakanikirana bwino mbeu zikamamera mbande zamaluwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chimodzi m'malo mchenga muzosakanikirana ndi dothi. Agroperlite imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira mababu ndi mizu yodula mizu ndi mphukira.
Vermiculite
Vermiculite imatanthauzanso nthaka zokumba bwino. Amachokera ku zinyalala za ore, zomwe zimathandizidwanso ndi kutentha. Mukawombera, vermiculite imatupa ndikugawika magawo amtundu wa lamellar wofanana ndi mica. M'malo mwake, vermiculite ilinso hydromica, yomwe pambuyo pakuwombera pang'ono imasintha katundu wake. Zotsatira zake zimatchedwa agro vermiculite.
Mamineral omwe amapezeka ndi inert, alibe zitsulo zolemetsa, samalowa mu zotulukapo zamafuta ndi mchere wa nthaka. Kunja, agodzmiculite amasiyana ndi agroperlite mumtundu (wamdima) komanso pamagulu azinthu zochepa. Sichiwola, sawola. Popita nthawi, kuchokera pakulimidwa imaphwanyidwa, ngati agroperlite, ndikupitiliza kukhala chowonjezera cha nthaka. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuthekera kokuta madzi ndi mchere mumagawo azigawo ndikuwamasula pang'onopang'ono mbewu. Izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kutayika kuchokera ku ulimi wothirira komanso kukonza nthaka yabwino.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi ndi vermiculite. © Rhea ShellZothandiza zimatha agorgmiculitis
Agodzmiculite, mosiyana ndi agroperlite, ali ndi calcium, potaziyamu, ndi magnesium yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kudzomera. Olemera mu silicon, aluminiyamu, ndi chitsulo. Sizingatheke kupeza mbewu, koma kudziunjikira pamtundu wa zinthu zopanga ma mineral mu mawonekedwe a ions (mayamwidwe) ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, zimamasulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuzipititsa kuzomera. Katunduyu, limodzi ndi agroperlite, amathandiza kuti chakudya zizipezeka mokwanira. Agrovermiculitis imapeza chinyezi kulowa mu dothi zochulukirapo (mpaka 500% yaayo) m'maselo a porous. M'malo agro-vermiculite, ngati agroperlite, matenda a fungal ndi bacteria komanso tizirombo sangakhale ndi moyo ndikuchulukana, makoswe sangathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Kugwiritsa ntchito agodzmiculitis
Kubera kwazinthuzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu agronomy popanga mizu ngati gawo lapansi lkuphukira, mukabzala mbande zamasamba ndi mbande za m'munda za mitengo yazipatso ndi zipatso. Agodzmiculite amachepetsa pH ya dothi. Zigawo zikuluzikulu za mcherewo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngalande pakukula mbewu zamaluwa. Akasakanizika paliponse, amamasula dothi, kuti pompopompo pakhale kuthirira kutumphuka (bwino mulch).
Kumera kwa njere mu vermiculiteMomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito agroperlite ndi agodzmiculitis?
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake komanso katundu, agodzmiculite sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zabwino. Kutha kudziunjikira chinyezi kumatha kuyambitsa mizu.
Agroperlite satha kudziunjikira chinyezi, amalumikizana ndi ma feteleza, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwampangidwe wake pa 4-5 kg / sq. mamita m'derali mulching pafupi-tsinde mabwalo akulu akulu azomera zipatso. Pansi pazoyala, tizirombo sangathe kupitilira apo, matenda amatulutsa, ndi mbewa hibernate. Mukabzala mbewu zamasamba, zosanjikiza za mulch pansi zimafika 3 cm, mbewu zamkati - 1 cm.
Kukonzekera dothi losakanikirana bwino, 15% ya michere yonse iwiri ya kulemera konse komwe nthaka yakonzedwayo imawonjezeredwa kumtunda woyamba. Kusakaniza kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa mbande zamkati zam'munda ndi mbewu zamasamba kumapezeka ndi kusakaniza peat ndi agroperlite ndi agrovermiculite mu chiŵerengero (%) 70:15:15.
Mwa mizu yodula masamba a malo otseguka pogwiritsa ntchito agodzmiculite ndi peat (1: 1), mbewu zamkati 2: 1. Agodzmiculite amachepetsa acidity ya nthaka, chifukwa chake, pokonzekera zosakaniza zokulira zadulidwa zamadzi a herbaceous, magawo awiri a agroemiculite pa gawo limodzi la peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukabzala mbande za mitengo ndi mabulosi, mpaka makilogalamu atatu a agro-vermiculite amawonjezeredwa ndi dothi losakaniza dzenje lobzala. Mukabzala ndikubzala sitiroberi ndi sitiroberi zamtchire, kubzala mbande pansi pa chitsamba, zimawonjezera makapu pafupifupi 1,0-1,5 pachilichonse ndikusakaniza ndi dothi.
Pozika mizu pogwiritsa ntchito agroperlite, osakaniza dothi amakonzedwa m'chiyerekezo cha 4: 1. Popewa fumbi, agroperlite iyenera kuti inyowetsedwe pang'ono isanayambe ntchito. Manyowa sangasinthe zomwe zimapezeka m'maminolo.
Perlite ndi vermiculite. © Zitsamba ZachikuluMaminolo amiyala yam'mapiri - mawonekedwe a nthaka amayenda bwino
Kuphatikiza pa michere yopangidwa mwaluso, miyala ndi michere ya sedimentary ikugulitsidwa, yomwe poyambirira imakhala ndi katundu wosintha kapangidwe ka dothi (diatomites, zeolites ndi ena).
Diatomite
Mwa mchere wachilengedwe wa dothi lomaliza lomwe sangathe kusunga madzi, diatomite imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zachilengedwe zopangidwa mwaluso, zokhala ndi quartz zimachulukitsa nthaka. Pa dothi losakanikirana, ndikusakaniza diatomaceous lapansi ndi ma coconut flakes ndi dothi, mutha kupeza zosakaniza zomwe sizimangochulukitsa kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka dothi, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zowonjezereka kwa madzi ndi mpweya, komanso zimakhudzanso acidity kapena mchere.
Maminolo ena amatha kusunga michere yambiri ndikuwapatsa pang'onopang'ono kwa mbewu zikafunika. Kuti muwonjezere kulimba kwa dothi, mawonekedwe ake a adsorption, simungathe kuchita popanda kusakaniza kwa diatomite ndi zeolite.
Diatomite © Nathan WakefieldZeolite
Zeolite amasunga dothi labwino kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pokonza kapangidwe kake, kusintha maluwa, kusintha dothi lobiriwira. Kapangidwe ka porol ka zeolites ndi sorasim yapadera, "molekyulu sieve", malo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ndi kusinthana kwa nthaka. Pa ulimi, ma zeol amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kuwongolera nthaka acidity, kusunga chinyezi, adsorption ya arsenic, cadmium, lead, mkuwa kwa osauka pakuphatikizidwa kwa nthaka. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsa madzi posunga nsomba m'malo otchingidwa. Ku Bulgaria, zeolite chifukwa cha malowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mabulosi abwinobwino achilengedwe.
Pamaunda acid, osalimidwa bwino, nthaka yopanda chonde, kugwiritsa ntchito zeolites palimodzi ndi zinyalala za coconut kumatha. Mutha kupanga feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri, yemwe sangathe kuthira nthaka, koma pang'onopang'ono amalowetsa muzu wazomera.
Zeolite
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kokonati
Gawo la coconut lilibe mbewu za udzu ndi microflora ya pathogenic, ili ndi acidity yandale. Kuti tikonzekere gawo lokwanira kulimitsa mbande, kudula mizu, ndikokwanira kusakaniza gawo lapansi la coconut ndi nthaka muyezo wa 1: 3, motero. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala za kokonati pakupanga zosakaniza zamtundu, simungathe kudyetsa mbande. Ikawola, gawo la coconut limakhala chakudya chowonjezera cha mbande, zodulidwa mizu, ndi kudula.
Alimi osakaniza a coconut omwe ali ndi agodzmiculite amalimbikitsidwa ndi omwe amalima maluwa kuti azilima maluwa atakula miphika komanso atawayika.
Kusakanikirana koteroko kumakhala kosathekanso pomwe mukukula masamba ndi mbewu zina m'malo opezeka ma hydroponic. Pakupanga dongo la hydroponic lochita kupanga, nthawi zambiri osakaniza a mchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito (perlite, vermiculite, ubweya wa mineral, fiber ya coconut).
Pakukula mbande, masamba a coconut omwe amakonzedwa ndi trichoderma amagulitsa. Mu gawo laling'ono ngati, fungal negative microflora silikhala ndi moyo.
Masheya okhala ndi mazira amatha kukhala zowonjezera popanda kukhalapo kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosakanikirana ndi dothi. Pa ndowa kapena dothi lakuola, makapu 1-2 a zipolopolo za dzira ndiokwanira.
Gawo lokokonati.
Wokondedwa kuwerenga, nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe nthaka zina zimachita bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi kapena dothi lina, onetsetsani kuti mwawerengera zomwe mukuwongolera ndikuzitsatira pokonzekera zosakaniza.
