Mwachilengedwe, ma adeniums ndi mitengo yosatha ya mitengo kapena zitsamba zomwe zimamera malo otentha, otentha pakati komanso kumwera kwa Africa, chilumba cha Arabian, ndi chilumba cha Socotra. Adenium nyumbayo ndi maluwa okongola amkati omwe nthawi yomweyo amakopa chidwi ndi tsinde losazolowereka, masamba owala pamtunda wa mphukira komanso maluwa owala. Mukukula, mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yosavuta ndi ya terry mu mitundu yoyera, yapinki, yofiirira komanso yofiirira.
Chifukwa cha maluwa obiriwira osayembekezereka, pachikhalidwecho adalandira dzina lachiwiri, adenium "chipululu rose", ndipo adadziwika kwambiri ndi alimi a maluwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Adenium anali ndi chidwi ndi zamabizinesi kale m'zaka za zana la 18, pamene kuyesa koyamba kunapangidwa kuti kutchulidwe kwa mitundu yake, koma pali matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana amachitidwe obvomerezeka mu asayansi. Amavomerezedwa kusiyanitsa mitundu 10 ya ma adeniums, osiyana:
- mawonekedwe a caudex, maluwa ndi masamba;
- kukula;
- mawonekedwe azomera;
- malo ophuka mwachilengedwe.
Ngakhale pali kusiyana kowoneka, akatswiri ena azikhalidwe amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ndi ya mtundu womwewo wa adenium, ndipo kusiyanasiyana kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha nyengo, dothi, kapena kusiyana kwina.
Adenium obesum (A. Obesum)
Mtunduwu ndiwofala kwambiri, wodziwika komanso wophunziridwa kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, mafuta kapena adenium yamafuta imatha kupezeka ku Africa komanso ku Middle East. Dera lokondweretsa chomera chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi mzere wozungulira kuchokera ku Senegal kumadzulo kupita ku Saudi Arabia kummawa.
Dzinalo Adeniums limakakamizidwa ku Aden, kapena kuti Yemen, komwe chomera choyambirira ichi chinafotokozedwa koyamba.
Adenium obesum, yomwe imagwirizana ndi chilala, kutentha kwambiri kwam'mlengalenga, ndi kuwunika mwachindunji, imadziwika ndi nthawi yakuuka komanso kupumula, pomwe osatha:
- Amatalika, achikopa kukhudza, masamba obiriwira obiriwira kuyambira 6 mpaka 15 cm;
- yasiya kukula;
- sizipanga mitundu yatsopano.
Vutoli limawonedwa mu nthawi yozizira komanso nyengo yadzuwa. Ndi kuyamba kwa kukula, masamba achichepere amapezeka pamwamba pa mphukira. M'chilimwe, masamba amatuluka, amasintha kukhala maluwa a crane ndi pinki hues. Dongosolo lozungulira la 5-petal corolla mu adenium yamafuta amtundu limayambira 4 mpaka 7 cm, maluwa osiyanasiyana amakula, mpaka 12 cm, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe.
Tsinde lakuda lomwe limakhala lofiirira limatha kukula mpaka mita, ndipo mbali yofunika kwambiri yamtambo yomwe ili pansi pa dothi, ndipo thunthu la adenium obese lomwe limakhala kunja limatenga mawonekedwe a mtengo kapena shrub wotalika mpaka mamita atatu.
Chifukwa chakukula pang'onopang'ono, kuchepera kwa kukula kwa mphikawo, komanso chifukwa chkubzala ndikusintha nyumbayo, adenium ndiyokayikitsa kuti ingakule motere, koma imakondwera ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso mitundu yowala.
Adenium multiflorum (A. multiflorum)
Dziko lakwawo la mbewu, lomwe limakhudza kwambiri maluwa ambiri, ndi madera apakati ndi kum'mwera. Pano adenium multiflorum amakonda kukhazikika pamtunda wamchenga ndi solonchak.
Maonekedwe osasamala ndi okhutira ndi dothi lambiri ndipo sachita mantha ndi chilala, kupulumutsa chinyezi mkati mwake, ndikumakumbukira timitengo tating'ono ta baobab wokhala ndi makungwa osalala komanso mizu yamphamvu yobisika pansi.
Mwachilengedwe, mbewu za adenium zamitundu yambiri zimatha kutalika mamita atatu ndipo m'maiko ambiri ndizotetezedwa ndi boma chifukwa choopsa chofuna kutha. Choopsa kwa anyaniwa ndi okonda zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe zosaka, zosaka nyama zamtundu winawake, ziweto ndi nyani zomwe zikudyera zipatso zam'mera.
Chifukwa cha maluwa ochulukirachulukira, adenium amatchedwa "Imperial lily", koma mchikhalidwe ichi mtunduwu umakhala wocheperako kuposa onenepa adenium, chifukwa cha kukula pang'onopang'ono komanso chiyambi cha maluwa atatha zaka 4.
Adenium arabicum (A. Arabum)
Dzinalo la adenium arabicum limadzilankhulira lokha. Mtunduwu wokhala ndi mtundu waukulu, squat caudex umamera pachilumba cha Arabia.
Kutengera nyengo nyengo, mawonekedwe a mbewu angasinthe. M'madera okhala ndi chilala chambiri, ma adeniums amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba, momwe mumakhala chinyezi chochulukirapo, amatha kuwoneka ngati mitengo yolimba pamunsi yokhala ndi nthambi zosalimba. Adenium arabicum ili ndi masamba akuluakulu, pinki, wokhala ndi tint yofiirira kapena makungwa a bulauni komanso maluwa ofiira.
Kunyumba, adenium ya Arabia ingabzalidwe kuchokera ku njere kenako ndikupanga mapangidwe ake a caudex ndi thunthu.
Adenium Somali (A. Somalense)
Mitundu ya ku Someni ya adenium ndi mbadwa za ku Africa, ikukula m'malo osiyanasiyana mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka mikono isanu. Mtengowo umadziwika ndi thunthu ngati mtengo ndipo pafupifupi maluwa amapitilizabe, ngati mbewuyo ikwanitsa kuonetsetsa dzuwa.
Masamba obiriwira obiriwira ali ndi mtundu wowala wobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri mitsitsi yoyera kapena yowala imadziwika patsamba lamasamba. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimataya masamba awo ndipo zimafunikira kupuma. Maluwa akulu-apakati ndi onenepa pang'ono kuposa adenium onenepa, amawoneka panthambi zopyapyala. Mtundu wa ma coroll a 5-petal ndi pinki, rasipiberi, wofiira ndi kuwala kwa khosi. Mitundu imatha kuyanjana ndi adenium obsessum, yomwe obereketsa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Somaliy ndi yosavuta kubzala, mbande zimayamba kutulutsa chaka kapena theka mutabzala, pomwe tsinde limakwera mpaka 15-18 cm.
Adenium Crispum (A. somalense var crispum)
Adenium crispum, yomwe imawerengedwa ngati masamba am'mera waku Somaliya, imawoneka yokongola kwambiri. Chizindikiro pa chikhalidwecho ndi masamba ochepa opyapyala okhala ndi mitsempha yoyera ndi m'mphepete yolowetsedwa, ndikupatsa dzina la mitundu iyi, komanso gawo lamkati mwa phokoso lofanana ndi mpiru. Mizu yambiri yoonda imangokulitsa kufanana ndi muzu.
Mtundu uwu wa adenium wanyumbayi ndiwosangalatsa osati mawonekedwe a tsinde ndi kakang'ono, komanso maluwa oyambilira, osafanana ndi maluwa a adenium aku Somali. Pinki, ma corollas osowa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala otseguka, ma petals amatha kuwonekera.
Adenium Nova, Mtanzania (A. somalense var. Nova)
Gulu limodzi mwazofotokozedwa posachedwa la mitundu ya ku Somaliya limachokera kumadera achipululu a Tanzania komanso madera ozungulira. Mu adenium crispum, izi zimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, ndipo ma corollas apinki kapena ofiira amakumbukiranso maluwa a adenium aku Somali.
Adenium boehmianum
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, akatswiri ofufuza za mankhwala anapeza ndi kufotokoza za mtundu wa Adenium boehmanium kuchokera kumpoto kwa Namibia. Mitundu iyi imadziwika osati kwambiri chifukwa chokongoletsa, koma monga chomera chakupha, chomwe chapeza dzina la Poison Bushman pakati pa anthu akumaloko.
Mwachilengedwe, mbewu zolimba zofika mamita atatu kutalika kosavuta nthambi, zimakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi zimakulirakulira. Masamba omwe amakhala momasuka amapezeka pamwamba pa mphukira zokha, amakhala ndi chikopa chofewa, masentimita 8 mpaka 15 amtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mitsempha yabwino.
Corollas yomwe imakhala yozungulira chifukwa cha miyala yambiri imatha kukhala yapinki, lilac, ndi rasipiberi. Chizindikiro cha maluwa a adenium amtunduwu ndi utoto wofiirira kwambiri m'khosi.
Adenium swazicum (A. swazicum)
Dzinalo la adenium limawonetsa komwe adachokera - Swaziland. Zomera zokhala ngati Shrub zotalika 20 mpaka 50 masentimita sizimawoneka ngati abale awo, chifukwa ndi mphukira zochepa chabe kapena zowoneka zobiriwira zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba zazitali komanso maluwa 6-sentimita kapena lilac amawonekera pamwamba pa nthaka. Ma rhizomes amphamvu ndi obisika mobisalira ndipo sawonekeranso muzomera zazikulu.
Kunyumba, Adenium waku Swaziland pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mwakufuna kwawo, osataya masamba, sikhala odzikuza komanso osazizira. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ndi obereketsa kuti apeze ma hybrids ophatikizidwa ndi adenium obesum.
Adenium oleifolium (A. oleifolium)
African adenium oleifolium imasiyana "ndi anzawo" pakukula pang'onopang'ono komanso kukula kochepa. Chitsamba chokhala ndi ma grizomes amphamvu, komanso thunthu losalala chimafikira kutalika kwa 60 cm.
Phula, masamba 5 mpaka 12 masentimita adapangidwa utoto wamitengo ya azitona wobiriwira ndipo amakhala pamutu pa nthambi. Maluwa a pinki adenium amatha kukhala ndi chikasu kapena choyera. Kutsegulidwa kwa masamba ophatikizika mu inflorescence kumachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi mawonekedwe a masamba.
Socotran adenium (A. socotranum)
Pachilumba cha Socotra ku Indian Ocean, mitundu yotsala ya adenium imakula, monga momwe akufotokozedwera, omwe sapezeka m'madera ena amtunduwu. Poyerekeza ndi adeniums apanyumba, chimphona chowona, chomwe chimakula mpaka 5 metres.
Mbiya yomwe imakhala ngati botolo imatha kukhala ndi mbali zingapo zingapo, zomwe mikwingwirima imakhala yodziwika bwino. Nthambi zake ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi thunthu. Amakhala oonda komanso osalimba, okhala ndi korona wobiriwira wokhala ndi mitsempha yoyera, masamba owala kutalika kwa 12 cm.Maluwa opepuka a pinki adenium ali ndi awiri masentimita 10-12, ndipo malire owala amawoloka m'mphepete mwa pamakhala.
Zophatikiza ndi mitundu ya adenim pakukula kwa nyumba
Ngakhale kwawo kwa adenium ndiko kufalikira kotentha ku Africa ndi Middle East, zigawo zosiyana kwathunthu zakhala malo osungirako ndi kusankhira mbewuzi. Omwe amagulitsa mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids ndi mayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, Thailand, India, Malaysia, ndi Philippines.
Nyengo yam'derali ndi yabwino kubzala mbewu. Zowonetsera zokhala ndi bonsai zochokera ku Adenium nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuno, ndipo mbewu ndi mbande zimayendayenda kuzungulira padziko lapansi kuchokera kuno.
Masiku ano, maluwa okondwerera chidwi ndi Mini-adeniums yabwino kunyumba, kutalika kokha ndi 12-17 masentimita. Zinyenyeswazi zotere zimayamba kuphuka pazaka 2, kuwulula maluwa masentimita 6 kumapeto kwa mphukira.
China chomwe chimakhala chosangalatsa ndi mitundu ya adenium yomwe ili ndi masamba opindika kapena masamba osungunuka kwathunthu.
Ogwiritsa ntchito amalimi a maluwa lero pali mitundu yambiri ya haibridi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya adenium yomwe ili ndi maluwa osavuta, pawiri, osavuta komanso amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, sizachilendo kwa ogulitsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mvula yamkuntho yotchuka kuti aganize mwanzeru ndikupereka mitundu yabodza.
