Garlic ku matenda onse omwe apulumutsidwa!

Garlic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala. Kukonzekera kwa adyo kumakongoletsa chimbudzi, kulimbikitsa kugaya chakudya, kulimbikitsa chilimbikitso, kukhala ndi anthelmintic, komanso analgesic kwambiri m'matumbo. Garlic imakhala ndi bactericidal kwambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti inhale ndi angina, chimfine. Monga prophylactic komanso achire wothandizira fuluwenza, adyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yake yaiwisi.

GarlicChilatini Allium sativum l.

Garlic ndi herbaceous chomera; mitundu yamtundu wa anyezi wa banja la anyezi (Alliaceae). Chikhalidwe chamasamba chotchuka pakati pa mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chimakhala chosangalatsa komanso fungo labwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamankhwala chifukwa chotsatira chake. Ng'ombe za adyo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu, kudyedwa (yaiwisi kapena yophika). Masamba, mivi ndi ma peduntire amathanso kudya ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazomera zazing'ono. Chifukwa chake, mizu yokhayo ndi mankhusu otetemera a clove samadyedwa. Magawo onse a mbewu ali ndi fungo la adyo.

Masamba ndi osalala, owongoka, otambalala, mainchesi mulifupi, kuloza kumapeto, m'mphepete, kutalika kufika 30-100 cm.

Kuthamanga mpaka 1.5 m kutalika, musanayambe maluwa kumapeto kwake, kumatembenukira mkati ndikuzungulira ndikuwonjezereka ndi inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a ambulera. Ma inflorescence ndi ambulera yosavuta yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa osabala, mababu am'mlengalenga ndi kampanda kokuta (wokutira). Mizu yake ndi yotupa.

Bulb ndiyovuta, imakhala ndi mano 2-50, iliyonse yomwe imakutidwa ndi sikelo zolimba za chikopa. Mababu amatha kukhala oyera, achikasu, amtundu wakuda, pinki-violet.

Tikufika

Monga mukudziwa, pali nthawi ziwiri kubzala - mu kugwa iwo amabzala otchedwa adyo yozizira, kasupe-kasupe.

Garidi wozizira amakonda nthaka yamchenga. Mabedi ake amakonzedwa pasadakhale, sabata ndi theka asanadzalemo. Nthaka imakumbidwa mpaka pakuya 25 cm, namsongole amachotsedwa mosamala, 5-6 kg ya humus (koma osati manyowa atsopano) akuwonjezeredwa, 30 g ya superphosphate, 20 g ya potaziyamu mchere pa 1 sq. m tsiku limodzi kapena awiri asanabzike, onjezani ammonium nitrate pa 10-12 g pa 1 sq. m .Dothi louma.

Adyo wamasamba amamera bwino pamtunda wapakatikati komanso wopepuka. Amabzala pa Epulo 20-25. Ngati zibzalidwe pambuyo pake, mababu sangakhale ndi nthawi yopanga.

Asanabzala, mano angapo ayenera "kuvulidwa" ndikuwunika: mano okhala ndi zowola, nkhungu, malo angapo achikaso (mabakiteriya osawona) sayenera kubzala. Garlic iyenera kukhala yowuma bwino, yonyowa imayamba kukula msanga.

Kuteteza adyo ku matenda, amatha kuwanyowa kwa maola 2-3 mu njira yofunda ya pinki potaziyamu permanganate. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yophera matendawa: Maminitsi atatu mu njira ya sodium kolorayidi (1 tbsp. Pa malita 2 a madzi), ndiye kuti mphindi 3 mu njira ya mkuwa wa sodium (1 tsp. Mu malita awiri amadzi).

Podzala, mano akulu kwambiri amasankhidwa kuchokera ku mababu akulu kwambiri.. Kusanthula kumachitika nthawi yomweyo musanabzala - apo ayi pansi pa dzino, pomwe mizu imapangidwa, udzauma. Pansi pa mayi wachikulireyo ayenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa amasewera ngati nkhumba.

Mizere pabedi yolinganizidwa bwino imayikidwa pa mtunda wa 20-25 masentimita, ndikusiya pakati pa mbeu 10-12 cm. Mutha kubzala muma grooves. Chachikulu sikuti kukankhira mano pansi, izi zachedwetsa mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka yophatikizika imatha kukankhira adyo pansi ndikuwuma. Koma nthaka siyenera kukhala yomasuka kwambiri (muyenera kuipukusa pang'ono ndi bolodi), chifukwa mano amatha "kumira" ndipo mababu azikhala ochepa, amasungidwa bwino.

Kubzala mozama zimadalira mtundu wa dothi komanso kukula kwa mano. Kuchokera kolona wake mpaka padothi ayenera kukhala 3-4 cm. Kugweranso kwambiri kumakhala koopsa ndi kuzizira. Zobzala zimafunika kuzikongoletsa ndi peat, humus kapena utuchi 2-5 cm, kufalitsa burashi kuti ithandizire matalala pamabedi. Chapakatikati, mulch wosanjayo amachotsedwa kuti mbewu zisafooke

Chisamaliro

Mankhwalawa ndi achikhalidwe: kulima mwadongosolo, kuchotsa udzu. Kutsirira ndikofunikira pakukula kwachangu (apo ayi mutu waukulu sudzapanga), ndipo nthawi yakucha kwa mababu safunika.

Ngati ndi kotheka, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika: kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - ndi urea (1 tbsp. L. Pa malita 10 a madzi) ndi imodzi kapena ziwiri zingapo m'chilimwe. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kugona, mbalame zitosi, kuchepetsedwa nthawi 12-15. Garlic amadyetsedwa (ndikuthiriridwa) kokha pamizu. Ngati masamba atuluka kwambiri - zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kumudyetsa ndi yankho la nitrophoska (2 tbsp. L. Chidebe chilichonse cha madzi).

Mivi ya adyo ikakulira mpaka 10 cm, imayenera kuchotsedwa, apo ayi sungayembekezere zokolola zabwino. Zomera zingapo zolimba zitha kusiyidwa “kuti tisudzulidwe” ndikuloledwa kucha.

Tisanakolole, dothi lochokera m'mabu limadulidwamo - izi zimapangitsa kuti adzutse adyo. Ndipo amachotsa masamba am'munsi atasanduka chikasu, kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Mwa njira, adyo wachisanu yozizira bwino kuposa kasupe. Mulingo umakhala wonenepa, wolimba. Sichabwino kuyesa adyo m'mundamo: babuyo imayamba kuwola m'mano, kuphukira ndipo kusungidwa bwino.

Pali njira yozizira yosungiramo adyo (m'chipinda chouma pamtunda wa 0-3 ° C) ndi yotentha - firiji.

Kufalikira kwa Garlic yozizira ndi Mababu

Mipira yopsa pamitengo yomwe mivi yomwe sinadyole imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ibzalidwe labwino.

Miviyo imayatsidwa kwa masiku angapo, kenako mababu akulu kwambiri amasankhidwa ndi kufesedwa. Mukugwa, nthawi yomweyo komanso mano.

Chaka chotsatira, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Julayi, amalandira mano olemera amodzi okha. Ndikosatheka kuti tachedwe ndikuyeretsa kwawo: mano amodzi amapita pansi.

Amakumba, amauma ndipo pakugwa aikidwanso pansi. Pakatha chaka, mutu wabwinobwino womwe umagawanika mano amakula.

Ngati ndi kotheka, mababu amafesedwa mchaka, koma kumayambiriro (koyambirira - pakati pa Epulo), ndipo amatengedwa mochedwa momwe mungathere - pafupi ndi Seputembala.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Chikombole cha adyo chobiriwira, kapena penicillosis

Omwe amathandizira pa matendawa ndi bowa ochokera ku genus Penicillium (Phenicillium glaucum Link.). Chimodzi mwazifo matenda a adyo nthawi yosunga. Anyezi siachilendo. Pa mababu, choyambirira pansi kapena mamba akunja, amawoneka mawanga a bulauni. Mu adyo, mano amodzi amakhala aulesi, mawanga achikasu owoneka bwino amawonekera pamasamba abwino. Pambuyo pake, minofu yomwe yakhudzidwayo imafewa ndikuyamba kuphimbidwa ndi kuwala, kuyera, kenako kuyanika kwamtundu wobiriwira. Spores ya fungus ndi elliptical kapena spherical, yaying'ono, yokhala ndi ma microns 3-3,5. Makala akasweka, amagona mokwanira. Matendawa amafikira mpaka mano. Amachita khwawa, amdima komanso kuwonongeka. Mababu akugwira amawoneka opanda kanthu.

Chikombole chobiriwira chimafika pakuwonekera kwakukulu m'miyezi iwiri itatha atayika anyezi ndi adyo posungira. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa matendawa kumathandizira kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi m'sitolo, kuzizira, kuwonongeka kwa makina.

Kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa anyezi ndi adyo kuchokera ku nkhungu yobiriwira, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kupukuta mosamala musanayike kuti isungidwe.. Chinyezi chikuyenera kukhala pakati pa 60-80% pa kutentha kwabwino ndipo osapitirira 90% pa kutentha kwa -1-3 °.

Chikombole chakuda cha adyo, kapena aspergillosis

Wothandizila wa matendawa ndi Aspergillus niger Tiegh. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusungako anyezi ndi adyo pamtunda wotentha kwambiri (18-25 °). Zowonongeka zazikulu zimayambitsidwa ndi anyezi wokhazikitsidwa komanso nyemba ya anyezi. Chikombole chakuda chimakhudza miyeso yam'mwamba yayikulu. Mababu odwala, omwe ndi akuda, aufumbi ang'onoang'ono, ochepa, mpaka ma 2-5 ma microni, amapanga pakati pa mamba. Osapsa, anyezi wouma wosatetezeka kwambiri amatha kutenga matendawa. Pakusungidwa, mababuwo amatha kukhala ochulukirapo polumikizana mwachindunji, komanso kudzera mu ziwonetsero zomwe zimafalikira m'mlengalenga.

Zola zowola za anyezi ndi adyo

Wothandizira wa matendawa ndi bowa Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. Zimakhudza mbewu zamtundu uliwonse nthawi yakula, komanso nthawi yosunga. Tikagulitsidwa m'munda wazomera zazomera, masamba amasintha chikaso, kuyambira pamwamba, ndikufa. Zomera zimafota msanga ndi kufa. Mycelium yoyera imapangika pamizu ndi sikelo za mababu, ma clove a adyo amakhala amadzi ndi ovunda. Ma sclerotia ang'ono, omwe ali ndi nthangala za poppy, amawonekera pa minofu yomwe ikukhudzidwa. Mafangayi amakula bwino pa kutentha kwa 10-20 °. Masamba mu mawonekedwe a sclerotia m'nthaka komanso posungira mababu omwe ali ndi kachilombo.

Fusarium, kapena zowola za pansi pa anyezi ndi adyo

Malo omwe matendawa amatenga kachilombo koyipitsidwa komanso nthaka yobzala..

The causative wothandizila matendawa ndi bowa wa mtundu Rizagst. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera m'munda, nthawi yakucha anyezi ndi adyo. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa, masamba amafa msanga, kuyambira pamwamba. Mizu yambiri imavunda. Anyezi m'dera la donut nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chizindikiro cha pinki, chikasu, chambiri choyera cha mycelium wokhala ndi mapiritsi owoneka bwino, okhala ndi mawonekedwe okuya, okhala ndi 3-5 septa, spores opanda maonekedwe oyeza 30-50x3-4 ma micons. Zambiri za mycelium ndi spores zimawonekera bwino pakati pamiyeso. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha, ndipo pamapeto pa yosungirako, mababu amatundidwa. Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo kumayambitsa matendawa. Mosiyana ndi zowola zoyera, kufunda kwa Fusarium kumatulutsa pafupipafupi zaka zomwe anyezi ndi adyo zipsa pamtunda wokwera kwambiri. Pakusungidwa pamatenthedwe okwera, matendawa amathanso kuyenda mwachangu.

Bacteriosis wa Garlic

Omwe amachititsa matendawa ndi mabakiteriya Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Holland., Pseudomonas xanthochlora (Schuster) Stapp. Pa cloves wa adyo nthawi yosungirako, zilonda zakuya kapena matuza zimawonekera, zikuchokera pansi mpaka pansi. Zovala zimakhala ndi utoto wachikasu. Mafangayi ochokera ku genic Penicillium nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo omwe akhudzidwa. Mababu okhudzidwa mukabzala nthawi zambiri zimamera ndikukula bwino. Kukula kwa matendawa nthawi zambiri kumathandizidwa ndi kuyeretsa ndi kuyika kosungirako kwa osasambitsa, adyo owuma bwino komanso osagwirizana ndi malo osungira.

Mano opangidwa bwino komanso okhwima sagwirizana ndi bacteriosis..

Matenda a anyezi ndi adyo omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa samawonekera mu mawonekedwe awo oyera. Monga lamulo, amakula mokhazikika ngati zowola zosakanizika. Nthawi zambiri, anyezi olowa amakhudzidwa ndi khomo lachiberekero ndi nkhungu yakuda, bacteriosis ndi fusariosis, cervical rot ndi imvi, bacteriosis ndi khosi lachiberekero, khola lachiberekero ndi fusarium, bacteriosis ndi nkhungu wobiriwira, ndi zina zambiri.

Nthawi zambiri pa bulb imodzi mumatha kupeza matenda atatu kapena anayi. Tinaona pa nthawi yomweyo chitukuko cha khomo lachiberekero, fusarium ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira; Fusarium, bacteriosis ndi nkhungu wobiriwira; khosi lachiberekero, bacteriosis ndi fusarium; nkhungu yakuda ndi yobiriwira, fusarium ndi bacteriosis.

Matalala achikasu

Wothandizila wa matendawa ndi kachilombo kakang'ono ka anyezi. Matendawa amawonekera pamatumbo ndipo amadziwika atabzala ma cell a amayi. Zomera zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oponderezedwa: masamba amasanduka achikasu, nthawi zambiri amapindidwa kapena kusanjika, amagwa pansi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa turgor, amakhala phokoso. Ma Peduncle amasinthanso chikasu, amapotoza ndikupatsa mbewuyo mawonekedwe owoneka pang'ono. Mitu yamaluwa ndi njere ndizocheperako kuposa mbewu zathanzi. Anyezi amatha kutengeka pang'ono ndi zomwe zimapangitsa, zomwe nthawi yayitali zimafalitsidwa mosamala.

Kumpoto, nthendayi imafalikira ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimadya anyezi ndi mbewu zina zokhudzana, komanso mwakanthawi. Kufalitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mbewu ya anyezi sikunakhazikitsidwe. Nyengo yoyamba ikadwala mchaka, matendawa amawonekera kwambiri chaka chamawa.
Kuchulukana kwa kufalikira kumadalira kukhalapo kwa ma veter aphid ndi chilengedwe. Ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa mbewu, matendawa sangachitike.
Kukula kwamtundu wamtundu kumakhudzana ndi mitsuko, adyo, anyezi osatha, omwe nthawi zambiri amasunganso kachilombo.
Mose wa anyezi ndi adyo

Mthandizi wa causative ndiye ma virus a Allium virus I Smith. Masamba ndi inflorescence amakhudzidwa. Pamasamba, matendawa amadziwoneka ngati ang'onoang'ono, ochepa kapena ochepa malaya kapena mikwingwirima yopepuka yobiriwira kapena yowonongera. Nthawi zina masamba amakhala oboola, otsalira kumbuyo ndikukula. Mivi ndi yowongoka, mikwingwirima yamitundu yayitali imawoneka pa iwo. Mitengo ya inflorescence ya mbewu yomwe idakhudzidwa imamasulidwa, maluwa amakhala osabala kapena amatulutsa mbewu zochepa. M'malo mwa stamens ndi pestles, masamba ataliitali nthawi zambiri amakula, ndipo m'malo mwa maluwa, mababu. Kumera kwa mbeu zamatenda odwala kumachepetsedwa. Mababu ochokera kuzomera zophatikizidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndipo osakhwima, amere. Matendawa amapatsirana ndi mbewa zinayi zamiyendo inayi. Matendawa akupitilira anyezi, anyezi wa chiberekero ndi anyezi osatha, pomwe matendawa amadziwoneka ngati masamba ofoka.
Njira zoyendetsera: Njira zazikulu zothanirana ndi matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo ta anyezi ndi adyo ndikupeza zinthu zofunikira kubzala podzipatula (mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu) za anyezi wakuda kuchokera ku mbewu zaka zina zachikhalidwe, anyezi osatha ndi adyo, chitetezo kuchokera kwaonyamula ma virus, kusankha mababu a uterine ku mbewu zathanzi kuchotsa matenda anyezi

Zosiyanasiyana za adyo ozizira.

Kuwombera:

Gribovsky 80
Chikumbutso cha bowa
Dungan akumaloko
Coarse Kiseleva
Otradnensky
Sail

Osawombera:

Danilovsky kwanuko
Mchiritsi
Novosibirsk

Zosiyanasiyana za adyo wamasamba.

Osawombera:

Abrek
Aleisky
Victorio
Elenovsky
Ershovsky
Kalininsky am'deralo
Moscow

Kuwombera:

Gulliver

Zothandiza katundu

Garlic ndi wathanzi kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kakomedwe kake komanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito monga zokometsera zabwino kwambiri, adyo ali ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza komanso mankhwala ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala achizolowezi komanso mankhwala achikhalidwe kuchiritsa matenda ambiri.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa adyo kumaphatikizapo zinthu za nayitrogeni, sodium, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, silicic, sulfuric, phosphoric acid, vitamini C, D, B, phytosterols, zinthu zina zowonjezera, phytoncides ndi mafuta ofunikira. Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake ndi mankhwala, adyo amakhala ndi ma diuretic ndi diaphoretic katundu, amasintha magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi m'matumbo. Garlic imatha kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso imakhala ndi ma analgesic, kuchiritsa mabala, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitoxic, anti-cancer komanso anti-sumu. Garlic ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakusowa kwa vitamini. Garlic ilinso ndi selenium, yomwe imadziwika chifukwa cha katundu wake wa antioxidant.

Garlic imakhala ndi zinthu zopitilira mazana anayi zopindulitsa, kuphatikiza ma antioxidants ambiri omwe ali ndi zinthu zingapo zabwino zochiritsa. Garlic imachepetsa cholesterol, imachepetsa magazi, imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi kutupa. Garlic imathandizira kukalamba ndi kuvala kwa osati kokha zazikulu, komanso zotumphukira zamitsempha. The achire zotsatira zimatheka ndi kudya tsiku lililonse kwa awiri kapena atatu a adyo.

Zinthu za sulufa zimapereka fungo lamphamvu kwa adyo. Komabe, kuti muchepetse mpweya wanu mutatha kudya adyo, yesani kutafuna kagawo ka mandimu kapena zipatso za parsley, Cardamom kapena mbewu za sinamoni kapena kutsanulira pakamwa panu mkaka wachilengedwe.