Asparagus (kapena chilli) haricot ndi mtundu wa haricot womwe maudindo ake mulibe ulusi wolimba komanso wosanjikiza wamkati wa "zikopa". Nyemba zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika mawonekedwe a nyemba zonse pamodzi ndi masamba. Njere zokhwima za nyemba zoterezi zimadyedwanso, ngakhale kuti mbewu zake ndizochepa komanso zolimba kuposa za nyemba wamba, chifukwa chake zimafunanso kuwira ndi kugaya.
Zachilengedwe
Nyemba za Asparagus zidatchedwa dzina la kukoma komwe kumafanana ndi mphukira zazing'onoting'ono za katsitsumzukwa. Nyemba iyi ndi wachibale wa nyemba wamba. Kusiyanaku kumakhala pokhapokha ngati filimu yolimba ndi ulusi mu pod. Mawonekedwe a nyembazo amakhalanso osiyana - mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sparagus ma podawo ndi ochepa komanso aatali. Asparagus haricot ilinso yamtundu wa legume Vigna. Vigna amasiyana ndi nyemba wamba pakapangidwe ka gynecium, stipule ndi mungu. Komabe, ma pod ake ndiwokongola chimodzimodzi ndipo kukoma kwake kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika.
Nyemba za Vigna ndi katsitsumzukwa sizofanana. Vigna ndi mtundu wa nyemba za katsitsumzukwa. Zosiyanasiyana nyemba wamba, zomwe zilibe ulusi komanso zolimba pakatundu, zitha kuonedwa ngati katsitsumzukwa.
Mbewuyi imalimidwa mwamitundu itatu:
- Bush - 30-50 cm;
- kukwera theka - mpaka mamita awiri;
- lopindika - kuchokera awiri mpaka asanu mita.
Ma PC amabwera mu mithunzi yambiri yosiyanasiyana - yobiriwira, yachikaso, yofiyira, yofiirira yakuda. Matumbawa ndi ochepa thupi, amakula kutalika kuyambira 12 mpaka 120. Maluwa a nyemba za katsitsumzukwa amathanso kusintha mosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yolocha mthunzi, imatha kudyedwa mumiyeso yamiyendo ya masamba apamwamba komanso kumbali yakumpoto kwa nyumba.
Nyemba za Asparagus - Kukula ndi Kusamalira
Kukula ndi kusamalira nyemba si kolemetsa makamaka. M'pofunika kukumbukira zina za mbewu. Nyemba zamitundu yonse ndi thermophilic. Nyemba, makamaka zazing'ono, sizingathe kuyima chisanu pang'ono kapena kuzizira kwambiri. Pamatenthedwe ochepera 10 ° C, nyemba zimasiya kukula, ndipo pamatenthedwe amafa. Komabe, imamera pafupifupi kulikonse. M'madera ozizira, amabzalidwa pambuyo pake, pomwe zipatso zobwerera zatha. Madera akumpoto, nyemba zimamera kudzera mbande. Kum'mwera, m'malo mwake, mutha kukwanitsa kukula awiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale atatu, mbewu pamsika.
Nyemba zimamera bwino pamtunda, pamatope, potulutsa dothi. Mizu yake imatalika mpaka mita, kotero nyemba zimatengedwa ngati mbewu yoletsa chilala. Komabe, ndi chilala chachitali, mbewu zimafunikira kuthirira. Nyemba sizingalekerere kuthirira kwamadzi.
Nyemba zimamera bwino pamalo amodzi, popeza mizu yake imalemeretsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni. Chifukwa chake, pakusintha malo olimiramo, dimba latsopano ndikwabwino kuti mutengepo malo pang'ono kuchokera kumunda wachaka chatha. Zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimatsogolera nyemba ndi kabichi, nkhaka, mbatata.
Mbewu zithafesedwa youma, kapena zilowerereni kwa tsiku limodzi ndi madzi ndikuwonjezeranso mphamvu zokula. Monga zopukusira mu kukula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito uchi, phulusa, organic humus, slurry. Mankhwala othandizira amakonzedwa ngati njira yothetsera madzi okwanira 1-2 peresenti. Pa mbale yosanja muyenera kufalitsa wosanjikiza, kuyala mbewuyo, kuphimba ndi wosanjikiza wachiwiri ndi kutsanulira njere ndi yankho kuti chidebe chinyowe. Mbewu zonyowa, njira za kukula zimayamba mwachangu komanso mwachangu, zimapereka mbande zoyambirira komanso zamphamvu.
Ndikofunikira kufesa mbewu za nyemba kuzama kwa masentimita 3-4. Kubzala mwamphamvu mbewu kumatsogolera kuchedwa mbande ndikufooketsa mbewu, kakang'ono - kumayambitsa kufooka kwa mizu. Pamadothi opanda mchenga, mbewu za nyemba zitha kuyikidwa m'manda mwakuya. Ndikwabwino kutsitsa mbewu ziwiri dzenje. Mukabzala nyemba pamapeto, zisa zofananira ziyenera kuyikidwa patali 20-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kusiya pakati pa 40-50 masentimita pakati pa mizere. Ndi makonzedwe awa, mbewuzo zidzapatsidwe gawo lofunikira lazakudya ndikuwunikira. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5-10.
Ngati pakuwopseza chisanu chamadzulo, mbande ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena zinthu zopanda nsalu. Masana, pogona pamafunika kuchotsedwa.
Masabata 3-4 mutamera kumera, ndikotheka kuphatikiza feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka nyengo yadzuwa, chifukwa kutentha kwazomera sikungatenge nitrogen kuchokera kumlengalenga mokwanira. Ngati dothi lili ndi feteleza ochepa, ndiye kuti kuvala kokwanira bwino kuyenera kuchitidwa. Mukayika zipatso, mutha kudyetsa nyemba ndi potaziyamu-phosphorous. Muthanso kuvala zovala zapamwamba zapamwamba. Pachifukwa ichi, phulusa wamba lamatanda ndiloyenera.
Kubzala nyemba, ndibwino m'mphepete mwa chiwembu, mzere, mitundu yokhotakhota komanso yopindika yolunjika ku trellises yolimba. Ndikwabwino kupanga matabwa a trellis, chifukwa nyemba zilibe masharubu ndipo zimamuvuta kuti adziveke yekha pazitsulo kapena pulasitiki. Mutha kuyikanso nyemba zopotera pamipanda, mitengo. Mutha kupanga "nyumba" - mizati inayi, ndikukumba pansi pamakona a mraba ndi mbali ya 50-100 cm, ndikualumikizidwa ndi nsonga. Mphepete mwa "chipinda" chimatha kulimbikitsidwa ndi mitanda yopingasa. Mbeu za nyemba zimabzalidwa mbali zinayi za "chimangacho" ndipo pomwe zimakula ndikukula kwake ndikuzungulira mchirikizo, ndikubisala pansi pa masamba ndi zipatso zambiri.
Mitundu yambiri ya nyemba za katsitsumzukwa imakhala ndi maluwa okongola mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imalola kuti ibzalidwe ngati mitengo yokongoletsera m'mphepete mwa kama. Mitundu ya nyemba za Bush, yopachikidwa ndi unyolo wazitali, ndimawonekedwe okongola. Kusamalira nyemba kumakhala kumasula mzere womata ndi kuchotsa. Popeza nyemba zimayankha bwino feteleza wachilengedwe, udzu wosankhidwa ukhoza kuikidwa mwachindunji pansi pa tchire la nyemba: kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumasintha kukhala humus ndipo nthawi yomweyo kudzakhala zokutira mulching.
Zomera za nyemba zambiri zimagwidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude ndi zovala zoyera. Kuti muthane nawo, mbewu zitha kuthiridwa mankhwalawa ndi sopo ochapira, fumbi la fodya, phulusa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atizilombo - Agravertin, Actellik, Fitover. Pofuna kuthana ndi ma slgs, dothi lozungulira mbande limatha kuwaza ndi phulusa lowuma, laimu kapena singano youma ya spruce (pine). Kuyambira kukonzekera kwa mafakitale, Mvula yamkuntho yokonzedwa mwamphamvu imagwira ntchito.
Kututa
Popeza nyembazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chosapsa, ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mukutola nyemba za katsitsumzukwa. Nthawi yabwino yokolola ndi masiku 7 mpaka 14 kuchokera kutulutsira mazira, kutengera mitundu. Ma pod mu nthawi ino ali ndi michere, kukula kwa mbewu mkati mwake sikuposa tirigu wa tirigu. Ma PC amayenera kudulidwa tsiku lililonse m'magulu azaka zofanana. Kuchotsa zipatso zosakhwima pachomera kumayambitsa maluwa atsopano ndikupanga mazira atsopano. Mutha kusankhira mbewu zamtundu wobiriwira mwanjira imeneyi mpaka kuzizira.
Ma nyemba za masamba obiriwira abwino ndizoyenera kuzidya, kumalizira, kuzizira. Ma podi amatha kusungidwa mwachidule m'malo abwino amdima, omwazikana. Koma pakatha sabata kapena awiri, nyembazo zimayamba kuuma ndikuuma. Chifukwa chake, posungira nthawi yayitali nyemba za katsitsumzukwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma freezoni.
Asanayambe kusungika kwa nthawi yayitali, nyemba zimayenera kutsukidwa, kudula m'magawo atatu masentimita 2-3 ndikuyika m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi 2-3. Zitatha izi, madziwo athere ndikuyika nyemba mu mufiriji, yonyamula zolimba mumbale kapena m'matumba apulasitiki. Ngati mukufunikira kuti mahatchiwo asungunuke, ayenera kuti aume kaye, apo ayi azigwirizana pomwe achisanu.
Monga tanena kale, polemba nditha kugwiritsanso ntchito nyemba za katsitsumzukwa. Kuti tichite izi, nyemba zosankhazo ziyenera kuloledwa kuti zipserenso kuti zitheke. Sash matumba ayenera kukhala ofewa komanso osavuta kutsegula. Njere zosonkhanirazi ziyenera kuyanika bwino ndikumwaza wosanjikiza wowonda pamapepala kapena nsalu, oyambitsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunika kusunga nyemba mumtsuko wowuma ndi chivindikiro, nthawi zina kutsegula ndi kupuma.
Osasunga nyemba zouma zosasungika bwino kwambiri. Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwake ndikukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi.
Phindu ndi zovulaza za nyemba za katsitsumzukwa
Polankhula za zabwino ndi zovuta za nyemba za katsitsumzukwa, munthu ayenera kukumbukira osati zokhazokha za chomera chodabwitsachi. Nyemba ndi namwino wabwino m'mundamo. Omwe amasamala za chonde sanganyalanyaze nyemba komanso nyemba zina. Nyemba za nyemba zofalikira m'nthaka mbali zonse za mita osachepera, pomwe ma nitrogen okhala ndi glomeruli amadziunjikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tchire la nyemba limalemeretsa nthaka ndi chofunikira kwambiri chofufuza - nitrogen. Chifukwa chake, nyemba (ndi nyemba zina) ndichomera chamtundu uliwonse wa mbewu zamalimi. Nthonje za nyemba zimapatsa manyowa abwino.
Nyemba zimatha kuletsa malembedwe ndi ma timuyo. Patsamba lomwe nyemba zimamera, tizirombo tating'onoting'onoyo sitidzawonekeranso. Pachifukwa ichi, nyemba zibzalidwe m'mbali mwa malowo, komanso tchire paokha. Nyemba zimamanga msanga wobiriwira. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yomwe imawunikira imakupatsani mwayi kuti mupange malo otseguka omwe ali ndi masamba, konzekerani zotchinga, komanso mthunzi wamatchuthi ndi phwetekere kuchokera kumwera kumphepete.
Ponena za zakudya zomwe nyemba za katsitsumzukwa, ili ndiye malo osungiramo zakudya. Matumba obiriwira amakhala ndi mavitamini A, C, gulu B, chitsulo, zinki, magnesium, potaziyamu. Chingwe cholimbidwa chimaphatikizidwa bwino ndipo chimatengedwa ndi thupi, chimakhala ndi tanthauzo lotsegula thupi. 100 g yazogulitsa imangokhala ndi 23 kcal, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi. Ma PC ndi olemera mu kuchuluka kwamapuloteni ndi fiber, ochepa chakudya.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba zobiriwira kuphika monga mbale yodziyimira panokha, kapena monga mbali ina yodyera ndi mbale zam'mbali.
Zida zoyipa za nyemba za katsitsumzukwa (komanso ma nyemba zina) zimaphatikizanso zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wambiri. Chifukwa chake, nyemba sizikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osagaya m'mimba, komanso kuchuluka kwam'mimba.
Kuphatikiza apo, nyemba (komanso osati katsitsumzukwa kokha!) Sizingadyedwe zosaphika kapena kumawirira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'mphepete mwa nyemba ndi nyemba mumapezeka zinthu zapoizoni - pheasant, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa poizoni (pheasant sapezeka mumtundu wa nyemba za Mash, ndiye kuti zimatha kudyedwa tumphuka). Pheasant imawonongeka ndi kutentha kwa mankhwalawa, kotero, ngakhale masaladi atsopano, nyemba za ma sparagus zimatha kuwonjezedwa mwa mawonekedwe owiritsa. Ndi yade ndi gout, nyemba zobiriwira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, koma simuyenera kusiyiratu masamba abwinowa.
