Nthawi zina, poyang'ana ma conifers obiriwira, anthu amaganiza: bwanji munthu amakhala ndi zaka zochepa chonchi padziko lapansi? Zolengedwa zanzeru zomwe zimatha kuganiza, kumva, ndikupanga, zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 70-80, ndi mitengo wamba - zoposa chikwi. Mwina tsiku lina maloto amoyo wosatha adzakwaniritsidwa, kenako anthu azisangalala ndi chilengedwe kwathunthu. Mpaka nthawi iyi itafika, ndikofunikira kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma conifers kuti azikongoletsa nyumba yanu yachilimwe nawo.
Ndizomwe zimakhala zobiriwira nthawi zonse zomwe zimagwirizananso bwino mumangidwe ena aliwonse. Mitundu yawo yokhwima komanso yowoneka bwino imawonekerapo pamchenga wobiriwira chilimwe. Ndipo kuzizira, amatsitsimutsa nyumbayo ndi zipatso zamtundu komanso fungo lokhazikika. Alimi ambiri amalima zokongola zawo nthawi zonse, chifukwa mitundu yawo ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Amakhala amtali komanso amtali. Amapezeka ngati piramidi kapena chulu. Chifukwa chake, malo osaiwalika a mitengo yolumikizirana amakhalabe pamtima pa anthu othokoza kwamuyaya. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.
Mwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma centifariya, ma spikenti apadera ndi osangalatsa: fir "Old Tikko" ku Sweden (zaka zoposa 9,000), pine "Metuselah" ku USA (pafupifupi 5 zikwi). Zambiri, padziko lapansi pali mitengo 20.
Wotchuka kwambiri - spruce
Palibe munthu padziko lapansi amene sanamve za mtengo uwu. Ndakatulo zambiri ndi nyimbo zolembedwa za iye, zojambula ndi nthano zidalembedwa. Mtengowu umalumikizidwa ndi tchuthi, miyambo yosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina ndi zizindikiro zoyipa. Chifukwa cha izi, mtengowu umavutika kwambiri ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimabweretsa chisoni chachikulu kwa okonda zachilengedwe.
Spruce - mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse womwe ndi wa banja la Pine, umatha kukula mpaka 35 metres. Imakhala ndi chithunzi cha korona kapena pang'onopang'ono, kumathera ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Nthambi zimapezeka pafupi ndi thunthu lonse, motero sizowoneka kuchokera kumbali. Amakhala ndi singano zamtundu wakuda wobiriwira ndi utoto wonyezimira, womwe ndi wafupi kwambiri kuposa paini.
Mtengowu umapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse mukukula kwa Northern Hemisphere. Ndilo gawo lalikulu kwambiri lachi Russia, pomwe limakula pafupi ndi thundu, birch, paini, hazel ndi linden. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 50 ya spruce. Zina mwaizi zimayambira bwino pamakomo a nyumba zakunyumba. Mitundu yotsatirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mizu ya Spruce ili pafupi ndi dothi, kotero kuti chimphepo chamkuntho chimatha kugwetsa. Chifukwa chake, mtengowo suyenera kubzala pafupi ndi malo okhala.
Acrocon
Spruce yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi korona wampikisano waukulu wokhala ndi nthambi zokulungika. Amawerengedwa kuti ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Kwa zaka 30, amakula mpaka 4 mita. M'lifupi mwake muli mbewu pafupifupi 3. Amakonda madera omata. Spruce imalekerera kuzizira. M'nyengo yotentha kutentha kumafunika kuthirira.
Zosokoneza
Mtengowo uli ndi korona wapamwamba ndipo nthambi zoyenda misozi zomwe, ngati sitima, zimakhudza pansi. Imakula mpaka mamita 8. Madawo a chomera chachikulu ndi pafupi mamita 2.5.
Waku European Maxwell
Chingwe chodzaza ndi mawonekedwe a chulu. Imalekerera chisanu nthawi yozizira komanso malo opanda mthunzi popanda mavuto. Imakula mpaka kutalika kwa mita. Pazitsamba la chitsamba chokulirapo ndi 2 m.
Glauca Globosa
Spruce wotchuka amawoneka ndi singano zamtambo. Imakula mpaka kutalika mpaka 2 metres. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri kuti azikongoletsa malo owoneka a matauni ndi malo okhala. Chifukwa choti mtengowo umabwereka ubweya, mipira yoyambirira yamtambo imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iyo, yomwe imakondweretsa mafani awo chaka chonse.
Fir - mtengo wokhala ndi maonekedwe ofiirira
Yemwe amakhala woimira mtundu "Pine". Amasiyana ndi abale ake apafupi ndi mawonekedwe a singano:
- zofewa;
- kuwala;
- mawonekedwe.
Zingwe zoyera zimawoneka pambali yakunja kwa singano iliyonse, zomwe zimapatsa mbewuyo mawonekedwe okongola. Mtengo wolumikizidwa mwaluso umakongoletsedwa ndi ma cone ofiirira, omwe amawunikira kwambiri. Chimakula pang'onopang'ono zaka 10, kenako zimakula. Amakhala ndi moyo zaka 400. Oberekera anakonza mitundu yokongoletsera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa madera akumatauni komanso oyenda mtawuni.
Popeza singano za mtengo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochiritsa, kukulira mafuta mu nyumba yazanyumba ndi lingaliro labwino. Zimathandizira polimbana ndi chimfine, radiculitis ndi kuchiritsa kwa mabala.
Columnaris
Mtengowo uli ndi thunthu lolunjika ndi korona wopyapyala wofanana ndi mzati. Amakula mpaka 10 metres. Nthambi zanthete zimawongoleredwa kumtunda, zomwe zimapatsa mtengowo mawonekedwe abwino.
Prostrata
Firizi wotere amakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha nthambi zazitali zotambasulidwa pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimatha kutalika ndi 2.5 metres.
Argenta
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi singano zoyambirira za siliva, maupangiri omwe amapakidwa utoto woyera. Mphukira iliyonse, mphukira yachikasu yowunikira imatuluka mu masamba ake. Kuphatikizika kwachilendo kotereku kumapangitsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino patsamba la nyumba yamayiko. Ndipo zimatha pafupifupi mwezi.
Nana
Mtengo wamtali, womwe umakula mpaka 50cm. M'lifupi mwake wa chomera chachikulu ndi mita 1. Korona amakhala wozungulira, wokutidwa pang'ono. Chozizwitsa chimamera mizu yaying'ono.
Mkungudza wamkulu
Kuyambira nthawi yayitali, mitengo iyi yakhala ikuwonetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kukula. M'malo achilengedwe, iwo amakula pamtunda wa 3 km kumtunda kwa nyanja ndipo amafanana ndi zimphona zenizeni. Kukula mpaka 50 metres. Amakhala zaka zopitilira mazana awiri.
Ngakhale ukulu wake, mtengo wamkungudza ndi mtengo wapadera, momwe umatha kukongoletsa malo ena aliwonse. Mukamuika pakhomo lakutsogolo, malo opambana amapangidwa. Pamalo otambalala - kutonthoza kunyumba. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mbewu za bonsai. Kupanga malo oyamba, mitundu yomwe imasiyana kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
- mtundu wa singano;
- kutalika kwa singano;
- kukula kwa mtengo.
Kusankha mtundu woyenera, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwane bwino ndi mbewuyo. Pakulima kwanu gwiritsani ntchito mitundu ngati iyi:
- "Glauca". Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi singano zamtambo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe. Imalekerera kwambiri chisanu.
- "Breviramulosa". Kedari wamtunduwu amadziwika ndi nthambi zazitali zazitali, zomwe zimayambitsa mantha.
- "Stricta". Mtengowo umakula momwe muliri. Amapangidwa ndi nthambi zazifupi, zomwe zimakwezedwa pang'ono.
- "Pendula". Mtengowo umagunda ndipo nthambi zobiriwira zimagwa, zomwe zimapangitsa fungo labwino.
Yobisika yodabwitsa
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ngati mtengo umatchedwa larch, ndiye kuti sugwira ntchito pazomera zachilengedwe. Izi sizili choncho. Mtengowo ndi membala wa banja la "Pine", koma mosiyana ndi abale ake, m'dzinja limataya singano.
Larch imakula mpaka 50 m kutalika. Poterepa, thunthu limafikira mita imodzi. Nthambi zimamera mosadukiza, komanso malo osavuta kuwonekera. Zotsatira zake, korona amapangika ngati chulu. Masingano amawoneka osalala, osavuta kukhudza, obiriwira owala bwino. M'chilengedwe, muli mitundu 14 yosiyanasiyana. Pazopangidwe zamunda, mitundu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kulira larch - "Viminalis";
- cushioned - "Corley";
- ndi nthambi zoyambira zoyambirira - "Repens";
- nthambi zopindika - "Cervicornis";
- mawonekedwe osasunthika omwe ali ndi singano yamafuta - "Blue Dwarf".
Kusiyanaku kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga malo okongola pazigawo zamatawuni.
Pine wamkulu
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinthu zachilengedwe ali ndi mitundu yoposa zana ya chomera chomera chokhacho. Komanso, chochititsa chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa singano pamtengo uliwonse. Mtengo wa paini nthawi zambiri umakula mpaka mamita 50. Thunthu lolunjika limakutidwa ndi khungwa lofiirira. Masingano ataliitali amakhala panthambi za mtengo ndipo amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Pine wakhala zaka pafupifupi 600 ndipo amalolera kuzizira komanso kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Kubzala pine kuyenera kuchitika mwachangu, chifukwa mizu yake imatha kuuma pakadutsa ola limodzi. Zomera zotere sizimazika mizu m'gawo latsopano.
Pazokongoletsa zamaluwa, obereketsa apanga zowonera zazing'ono:
- "Mops" - chomera chokulirapo chili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Imakula mpaka mita 1.5;
- "Globosa Viridis" ndi chitsamba choyambirira cha pine ovate. Kutalika ndi kutalika kwa chomera sikupitirira 100 cm;
- "Gnom" - kutalika kwa mtengowo kuli pafupifupi mamita awiri. Kutalika kwa singano ndi 4 cm yokha;
- "Columnaris" - zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi singano zazitali komanso zokuta. Imakula mpaka kutalika kwa mamilimita awiri ndi awiri.
Mosakayikira, zodzikongoletsera zokhalitsa zoterezi ndizoyenera kupanga minda yamiyala yamwala kapena yosakanikirana. Mulimonsemo, pine imatha kukhala chizindikiro cha nyumba yadzuwa.
Akuluakulu ake - Thuja
Mtengo wamtundu wobiriwira nthawi zonse umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa mapaki amtawuni ndi malo obiriwira. Posachedwa, mbewuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa minda yamaluwa. Amayamikiridwa ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha kulekerera kwawo kuzizira kwambiri nyengo yachisanu, chilala komanso chinyezi chachikulu.
Mtengo wa thuja umasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi zobiriwira pomwe masamba owala amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amapezeka. Chaka chilichonse, mtengowu umakutidwa ndi ma cines amnyamata, omwe amafanana ndi mikanda yobalalika pa nsalu yobiriwira. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yazikhalidwe, arborvitae ndi:
- wam'madzi;
- kulira;
- zokwawa.
Nthawi zambiri, mbande za thuja zotchedwa "Occidentalis" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chiwembu. Mtengowu umatha kukula mpaka mamita 7 ndikupanga korona pafupifupi mamita 2. Mtundu wina - "Сloth of Gold" - uli ndi mthunzi wagolide wa singano. Mwangwiro mizu yake ili m'malo oterera m'mundawo.
Mitundu yayitali-yayitali - "Columna" imakometsa ndi singano zake zakuda zobiriwira zakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira. Sizimasowa ngakhale nthawi yozizira, yomwe imayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi okonda malo obiriwira. "Columna"
Mtundu wophatikizika wa mtengo wa thuja - "Holmstrup" uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, ngakhale utali wake - mamita 3. Imalekerera nyengo yozizira, imadzichotsera kudulira ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati linga. Chimphona china - "Smaragd" - chimakula mpaka mamita 4. Dawo la mtengo wachikulire limafika mpaka 1.5 mita. Masingano ndi amadzala, amtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndi utoto wonyezimira. Kukongola koteroko kudzakongoletsa dzikolo mawonekedwe a connoisseurs a greenery.
Popeza mutadziwa bwino ma conifers opambana, ndizosavuta kusankha njira yoyenera. Ndipo lolani malo amisamba asanduke malo obiriwira achisangalalo, pomwe ma conifer opitilira amakula.
