Kodi kukulitsa zipatso za nkhaka?

Nkhaka ndiwo masamba ambiri m'dzikoli. Nkhaka zobiriwira zobiriwira zonunkhira bwino zatsopano zimatha kukhala masiku ambiri zikatha, ndipo sipadzakhalavulaza thupi. Ziweto zochokera panthaka zimakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti pochoka kutentha zimasangalatsa mbewu kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma pochita izi ndi njira yina yozungulira. Popanda zifukwa zomveka, kufota kwa maula a nkhaka kumayamba, ndipo kwenikweni pakati pa Ogasiti, zitsamba zamitengo yamitengo zimakhalabe m'maluwa. Pali zidule zingapo, kuonera zomwe mungathe kuwonjezera kwa masabata awiri kapena kuposeranso zipatso zamkazi zamasamba poyera.

Kubzala nkhaka yamaluwa ndi zipatso.

Kuyika nkhaka pachiwembu

Nkhaka sizingathe kupirira mphepo. Masamba otentha a nkhaka, ngakhale ndi mphepo yowala, samatha madzi pang'ono ndikulendewera ngati nsanza. Masamba odulidwa amasiya kugwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse zimabzalidwa kapena kubzalidwa ndi mbande m'malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo, nthawi zambiri - kunja kwa chikhalidwe.

Madeti amafesa nkhaka poyera

Kuti muwonjezere nyengo yamataka, kufesa nkhaka poyera ndi mbande, ndibwino kuzichita m'magawo osiyanitsa masiku 10-15. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi zipatso zakucha zosiyana. Nkhaka zoyambirira zimabzalidwa koyamba, kuyambira (kutengera dera) kuyambira Meyi. Zipatso zawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakumwa zatsopano. Nkhaka Zapakatikati nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukoka, kukoka. Pambuyo pake mitundu imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yakucha ndipo imatha kupanga zipatso kwa nthawi yayitali.

Popeza ntchito za tizilombo toyambitsa mungu zimachepa pofika nthawi yophukira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito hybrids zodzipukutira ndi ma parthenocarpics, omwe safunika pollinator tizilombo, kuti akule mochedwa mitundu ya nkhaka. M'chigawo chilichonse, ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosakanizidwa ndi mitundu yopukutira ya nkhaka.

Zambiri za ukadaulo waulimi wa nkhaka

Zomera zomwe zikukula, nkhaka siziyenera kuzikitsidwa. Ngati mulibe mabedi aulere, mutha kudzala mbande zazing'ono zapakatikati kapena mochedwa mitundu ndi ma hybrids, omwe adakula pambuyo pake, mpaka kumapeto kwa tchire.

Nthawi ya zipatso, ndibwino kudyetsa mbewu zamakaka ndi mayankho a organic, katatu pa mwezi, yokhala ndi mayankho ochepa, popeza nkhaka zimakonda kudziunjikira nitrate / nitrites mu zipatso. Mayankho amakonzedwa kuchokera ku manyowa a nkhuku kapena manyowa, kusungunuka, motero, 12 ndi 10 nthawi yamadzi.

Kuthirira nkhaka nthawi zonse kumachitika ndi madzi ofunda (+ 18 ... + 20 ° C) pansi pa chitsamba. Kuti madzi asagwere pamasamba, ndibwino kuwathirira m'miyala momwe timatambalala, ndikunyowetsa dothi mpaka 15 cm. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma osadzaza madzi. Mulching ndiyofunika.

Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kulima nkhaka m'njira yolunjika ndikuonetsetsa kuti akupanga. Ndi kulima kumeneku, malo omwe mbewu zimakhalira ndizabwino. Ngati mukukula nkhaka mozungulira, siyani mphukira zonse pansi, kuphatikiza mitengo, masamba osachepera theka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masamba, osakhala athanzi, okhala ndi zotsalira.

Werengani zambiri zathu: Mapangidwe a nkhaka, Zukini ndi Dzungu. Kutsina.

Ndi kulima kwokhazikika kwa nkhaka ndi kukolola munthawi yake, kukula kwa zipatso zatsopano kumathamanga. Mutha kukolola zipatso tsiku lililonse, tsiku lililonse kapena awiri. Zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zotsalira pachitsamba, zimachepetsa kukula kwa nkhaka zachichepere ndipo zipsinjo ndi zida zamamba zimakula mwachangu.

Nkhaka mbande zitha kukhala zokulira mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Olima ena amabzala mbewu za mbande ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti ndipo atatha masiku 25-28 amasamutsa kumabedi.

Ziphuphu nthawi zambiri zimabala zipatso ndikukula ngati kutentha kusakugwa masana ndi usiku, m'munsimu + 15 ° C. Kutentha kwa + 12 ° C, mbewu zimayamba kudwala ndipo posakhalitsa zimafa. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa amadzala mochedwerapo nkhokwe za nkhaka pamabedi ofunda okonzedwa. Gwiritsani manyowa atsopano, vermicompost ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawola potulutsa kutentha.

Kuzungulira mabedi kumakonza arcs kapena nyumba ya kanema. Masana, filimuyo amapindidwa, ndipo usiku amaphimba dimba. Kuti dothi lomwe lili pabedi lotsekedwa siliwonjeza komanso silikuwononga mizu ya dothi, dothi "lakhazikika" ndi ulimi wothirira, makamaka kukapanda kuleka. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha kwa nthaka nthawi zonse, kupewa kutenthedwa. Ngati madzi akumwa sangathe, ndiye kuti nkhaka zimathiriridwa kuchokera kuthilira pansi pa muzu mwa kupopera madzi pang'ono. Pofuna kuti musasefukira mizu ndikuthilira pafupipafupi, vermiculite ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka, yomwe imamwa chinyezi chambiri.

Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, usiku ozizira wokhala ndi nyengo yonyowa m'mawa umayamba kuchitika, chifukwa chake ngati simungatenge njira zoteteza, simungapeze mbewu. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zenizeni komanso zowononga komanso zina mwa mafangasi.

Kuteteza nkhaka ku matenda ndikofunikira:

• gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda;
• yeretsani bwino masamba onse achikaso, masamba owuma ndi zipatso zakale;
• kuthirira nkhaka m'mawa ndi madzi ofunda okha. Madzulo a Ogasiti, mpweya umadzaza ndi chinyezi;
• gwiritsani ntchito mbewu kamodzi pa sabata ndi mayankho a biofungicides ogwiritsa ntchito planriz-F, Fitosporin-M ndi ena;
• m'dzinja, ndibwino kuti musayerekeze kuvala mizu, koma kusinthana ndi masamba owoneka bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho a kufufuza zinthu, phulusa lamatabwa, ndi zina zambiri.

Mwa njira, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika ndikuwonjezeranso womwewo kapena nthaka ina buluicides, womwe udzapulumutse mizu ku matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi pakakhala chinyezi nthawi zonse. Mankhwala onse omwe ali ndi biofungicides amachitika molingana ndi malingaliro. Zitha kuthandizidwanso munthawi yokolola; sizivulaza thanzi la munthu ndi nyama.

Kukonzanso kwa nkhaka zitsamba

Olima odziwa zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya agrotechnical yokonzanso nkhaka zamataka, kutengera luso la chikhalidwecho kukulitsa mizu yowonjezera pamiyendo.

Ndi kulima kwamtondo, zikwapu zamkati zimachotsedwa mosamala ndipo gawo lotsika limayikidwa panthaka yothira (osasefukira) ndi yankho la mizu, epin, ecosil kapena mankhwala ena omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwamizu. Kutaya kotsala kumangirizidwanso. Kubowola pansi kumakonkhedwa ndi dothi lonyowa. Magawo okhala m'mizeremizere azikhala ndi thanzi labwino chomera, ndipo zipatso zimatha kwakanthawi. Ngati nkhaka zakula mwanjira yopingasa, njirayi sigwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza zikwapu zimagwera pansi, ndipo mwachilengedwe zimazika mizu.

Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zaulimi mukamakulitsa nkhaka kutchire, mutha kukulitsa nyengo yosangalatsa ya nkhaka. Madera akumwera - ngakhale mpaka pakati pa Okutobala, kumpoto - malinga ndi nyengo, koma osachepera milungu iwiri, kutengera zofunikira zaukadaulo waulimi, poganizira zikhalidwe za chikhalidwecho.