Masipuni - mabulosi omwe amawakonda kwambiri mdzikolo. Kuti chitsamba chizipanga zipatso zabwino zambiri nthawi zonse, chisamaliro chofunikira chimafunikira rasipiberi, makamaka nthawi yamasika. Chisamaliro cha masentimita chimaphatikizapo ndondomeko zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa mu kachitidwe ndikuchitika chaka chilichonse. Gwirani ntchito mu raspberries, zomwe zimachitika mwanjira zosiyanasiyana zakumapeto kumapeto kwa mvula, sizipindulitsa wokondedwa mabulosi, ndipo mwiniwake sadzakhuta ngati mbewu yabwino.
Rabulosi.
Mukayamba ntchito ya masika mu raspberries?
Kusamalira masana a rasipiberi kumayamba m'mwezi woyamba wa masika. Dongosolo la njira zoyenera pachaka ndizophatikiza:
- shafa lotentha;
- kudulira
- kusamalira nthaka;
- wovala zovala
- kuvala kwapamwamba;
- kuthirira;
- chitetezo cha tizilombo;
- chitetezo ku matenda.
Kusamba kwa rasipiberi
- koyambilira kwa Marichi, adakali m'chipale chofewa, amatola zinyalala zomwe anazikola nthawi yachisanu kuchokera ku tchire la rasipiberi ndikukutulutsa pamalowo (ngati ntchitoyi sinachitike m'dzinja);
- zinyalala ziyenera kuwotchedwa, chifukwa tizirombo timatha kuzizira kumeneko, ndipo masamba osakhwima atha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus;
- tenthetsani madzi ndi chithupsa ndikudzaza madzi okwanira malita 5;
- kuchokera kutalika kwa mamilimita 0.7-1.0, zitsamba za rasiperi zimathiridwa madzi kudzera pa siponji yokhala ndi chowunikira.
Njirayi ilibe vuto kwa raspberries. Kufikira madzi otentha afika tchire, kutentha kwake kumatsika mpaka + 70 ° C ndi pansi. Kutentha kwamadzi kumeneku sikungavulaze impso za raspberries, koma kumapangitsa kufa kwa tizilombo tambiri, kuphatikizapo nematode, yomwe singathetsedwe ndi ziphe zilizonse.
Pafupifupi, kuthirira imodzi yokha ya madzi otentha ndikokwanira kukonza baka 2 mpaka 4. Ngati tchire rasipiberi ndi yokulirapo (nthambi 10-15), pangani madzi okwanira 5 litre ku tchire ziwiri.
Kudulira rasipiberi
Mukasamba otentha, ndikangokhazikika kutentha pang'ono, dothi lakumalo lidzaphwa, tchire la rasipili limadulidwa ndikupanga.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira yodzalirira ma raspberries, ndizothandiza kwambiri podula m'magawo awiri.
Pa gawo loyamba, kufalikira kwamphamvu kumachotsedwa panthaka, komwe kumatulutsa, kupindika, nthambi zokhwima ndipo zimayambira ndi zotupa m'munsi (ndulu ya milu yamkaka yozizira pamenepo). Zomwe zimatsalira zimafota, ndikusiya masamba 6 mpaka 6, mkati mwa masango, mpaka 15-20 zimayambira pa mita imodzi yotalikilapo nthawi ya kubzala. Kuchepetsa kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndi zipatso zoponderezedwa.
Gawo lachiwiri la masika odulira zipatso limachitika pamene kutentha kokhazikika kwa + 5 ° C kukhazikitsidwa. Munthawi imeneyi, masamba amatsegulidwa kale, nsonga za mphukira zachikhalidwezo zidayamba kukula ndipo zikuwoneka bwino momwe chitsamba chidafalikira. Kufufuza komaliza kumachotsa zotumphukira zosokera za rasipiberi, nsonga zauwisi za zimayambira.
Mu nsonga zaumoyo za rasipiberi, nsonga zimakonzedwa kutalika kwa 20 cm kuti mupeze mphukira zobala zipatso zowonjezereka, zokuzizira zimadulidwa kumaso amoyo woyamba. Kudulira kwamasamba kwa rasipiberi ndikofunikira chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti nyengo ikhale zipatso zochuluka, kumachulukitsa nthawi yazipatso.
Kudulira rasipiberi.
Kudzala rasipiberi
Pambuyo pokonza, zotsalira zonse zimawotchedwa. Kuti musapondereze dothi rasipiberi, ndikofunikira kuyika matabwa, zidutswa zosalala, zinyalala zina mzere ndikuchita nawo kokha, osalowerera m'gulu la rasipiberi.
M'mizere, dothi limasulidwa osaposa 8-10 masentimita, kuwononga namsongole, kuthiriridwa ndi kuyikiramo ndi wosanjikiza mpaka masentimita 15. Straw, kompositi, humus amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch kwa raspberries. Mulching imasungabe chinyezi, chomwe chimasuluka mofulumira pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa kwam'mawa ndi mphepo. Organch mulch ndi gwero labwino la michere ya rasipiberi mizu. Musachite mulch lonyowa dothi pafupi ndi pansi panthaka. Amamasulidwa pambuyo povala pamwamba komanso kuthirira.
Kuti chitsamba rasipiberi chisaipire madera atsopano a mabulosiwo ndi mphukira, chimakhomedwa ndi slate yosalala, galvanized, ndi zida zina mpaka akuya masentimita 15 mpaka 20.
Rasipiberi garter
Akakula m'madera ozizira, rasipiberi amachotsedwa pamathandizo nthawi yachisanu, zomwe zimachepetsa mwayi wokuzizira kozizira nyengo yovunda. Ngati njira ya trellis kapena chitsamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye atatha kukonza ndikuyeretsa malowa, amayamba kubzala zitsamba za rasipiberi. Ma tapestry ndi zibonga zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zazikulu.
Ndi njira ya trellis yokukula, mtunda pakati pa tchire la rasipiberi umakhalabe osachepera 60-70 cm. Mapesi ndiwopangika ndipo amakhala pa trellis patali masentimita 10-12. Phesi iliyonse imamangirizidwa ndi waya wopingasa m'malo 2 kuti pamwamba asagwere pansi.
Ndi kupangika kwa tchire, mtengo umayendetsedwa pakati pa tchire 2 ndipo theka la chitsamba limangirizidwa (kuchokera ku tsinde lililonse) kupita pamtengo uliwonse. Ndi njira garter ntchito pang'onopang'ono kudulira zimayambira. Phesi lirilonse limadulidwa kutalika kwina - 10-15-20 cm.
Pakakulidwa rasipiberi pa ma sapoti, mbewu sizimasokoneza, zipatso zambiri zimacha nthawi yomweyo, ndikothekanso kukolola zipatsozo.
Chovala chakuda rasipiberi
Ngakhale umuna wa pachaka wophukira, rasipiberi amathandizidwanso kuphukira. Kuvala kwapamwamba ndikofunikira makamaka pa ma raspberries pamtunda wopanda chonde. Manyowa mu mawonekedwe a zothetsera kapena mitundu yolimba ya granular. Feteleza ayenera kuthiridwa pansi kuthirira ndikutsatira mulching ndi wosanjikiza wa mulch osachepera 5 cm.
Mukukula nyengo raspberries amadyetsedwa katatu.
Kasitomala rasipiberi garter.
Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba cha rasipiberi chimachitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chitasungunuka.
Nthawi zambiri nitrofoska, kemir, zosakanikirana zovuta, ndi mitundu ina ya mafuta amchere amayambitsidwa pansi pa raspberries. Mitundu ya feteleza wa mchere imachokera ku 60-80 g / sq. m .Dothi ladzatha, mitengo ya feteleza imachulukitsidwa mpaka 80-100 g / sq. m
Mutha kuwonjezera ammonia, koma potaziyamu nitrate kapena urea pamlingo wa 30-40 g / sq. m ndi munthawi yomweyo kuyambitsa nkhuni phulusa ku 150 g / chitsamba. Phulusa limathandizira kuchepa kwa dothi, lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi ammonium nitrate. Kuphatikiza apo, phulusa lili ndi zinthu zambiri zazing'ono komanso zazikulu.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe - humus kapena kompositi - 3-5 kg / sq. Pachaka kapena pachaka mumavala zovala zoyambirira. m
Popeza ndatha kuthira feteleza, rasipiberi amathiriridwa madzi. Atamwa madzi, amawumbika ndi humus, peat, shavings, udzu, ndi mitundu ina ya mulch. Zophatikiza feteleza zachilengedwe pakangovala zovala, mulching ndi humus sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba cha rasipiberi (gawo loyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ovary) chimachitika pambuyo pa masiku 25-30.
Nthawi zambiri kuvala kwapamwamba kumeneku kumachitika ndi feteleza wachilengedwe. 0,5-1.0 makilogalamu a manyowa kapena mbalame zitosi zimayikidwa mu 10-12 ndi malita 12-16 amadzi, motero. Pa mita yoyendera, kuthamanga kwa yankho ndi 2-3 malita. Ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza mwa njira yothetsera vuto, mutavala pamwamba, nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa ndikuyanikidwa.
Ngati organic adangowonjezeredwa pamabvalidwe oyamba apamwamba, ndiye kuti superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu adawonjezeredwa kwachiwiri, kutengera 30-40 ndi 20-25 g / sq., Mwapang'onopang'ono. m.
Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba cha rasipiberi chimachitika mukakolola.
Pokumba kosazama kwambiri (masentimita 15 mpaka 20) kutulutsa kachulukidwe kumapangira feteleza wamkulu wamafuta pa 80-120 g / sq. m.
Kuthirira raspberries
Popeza rasipiberi amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, palibe chizolowezi chothirira. Amachitidwa molingana ndi boma la rasipiberi komanso nyengo. Makamaka kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kokwanira ndikofunikira kwa raspberries pa maluwa ndi mapangidwe a ovary. Ndikusowa kwa madzi, zipatsozo ndizochepa, zowuma komanso zosalala. Kutsirira kumachitika limodzi ndi mizere. Nthaka iyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi mpaka 10 cm. Pamapeto kuthirira, mulching ndiyofunikira.
Dontho kuthirira raspberries.
Kuteteza raspberries ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Monga mbewu zonse za m'mundamo, rasipiberi amatengeka ndi matenda (powdery mildew, anthracnose, blindports, ndi ena) ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo (rasipiberi ndulu ma midges, nkhupakupa, ntchentche za tsinde, rasipiberi, ndi ena). Pa raspberries, ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitetezo kuzowonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Chithandizo chokhacho chokha chazomwe zimaloledwa.
Choyamba pa raspberries, choyamba, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera:
- Malowa amasungidwa opanda udzu, zinyalala za mbewu ndi zinyalala zina, zomwe zingakhale pothaŵirapo pakukula ndi kuzizira kwa tizirombo.
- Feteleza, kuthirira kumachitika mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo waulimi, kuti chinyezi chambiri komanso feteleza zisapangitse matenda omwe ali ndi matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya.
Mankhwala mankhwala a raspberries
Kumayambiriro kwamasana, masamba asanachitike, rasipiberi amathandizidwa ndi 3% yankho la Bordeaux fluid. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena ndi othandizira.
Chithandizo cha mbewu zofunikira
Masamba atatseguka, nthawi ya budding komanso koyambirira kwa maluwa, rasipiberi amathanso kuthandizidwa ndi matenda:
- trichodermin,
- glyocladine
- phytosporin-M,
- bactofit,
- planrizom
- Alirin-B.
Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti agonjetse raspberries ndi tizirombo:
- verticillin
- bitoxibacillin,
- mycoafidine,
- mangochin,
- bicol
- pecilomycin.
Anthracnose pa raspberries.
Kukonzekera kwa Bioinsecticidal ndi biofungicidal kungagwiritsidwe ntchito muzosakanikira zamatanki molingana ndi malangizowo. Kutheka kwakukulu kumaperekedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe motsatira malangizo. Kuwonjezeka kwa ndende, komanso kuchepa, sikungapereke zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka pakukonzedwa.
