Mwanjira ina, broccoli amatchedwa kabichi ya katsitsumzukwa, ndipo, ndi mtundu wa kabichi yemwe amadziwika ndi tonsefe, chikhalidwe chomwe ndi cha banja la Kabichi komanso chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba osakhwima, osakhala ndi masamba, monga oyimira ena a masapota. Si aliyense amadziwa kuti kolifulawa ndiyomwe amayandikira kwambiri mwabwinobwino - kolifulawa makamaka kochokera ku broccoli, ndiko kuti, kakang'ono kuposa komaliza.
Broccoli adapezeka ndi zosavuta m'zaka za zana lachisanu kapena chisanu ndi chimodzi BC, pomwe, palibe amene amadziwa za lingaliro ngati kusankha. Kwa nthawi yayitali, zaka mahandiredi angapo, broccoli idakulidwa kokha ku gawo la Italy yamakono. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Italian broccoli amatanthauza mphukira, ndipo aliyense amene adawona broccoli amvetsa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa chake amatchedwa chimenecho.
Broccoli, kapena kabichi ya Asparagus. © msuMalongosoledwe oyamba mwatsatanetsatane a broccoli adapezeka m'mipukutu yoyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16, nthawi yomweyo chikhalidwe ichi chidafika ku England, komwe adawonetsedwa ngati katswiri waku Italy. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, kabichi ya broccoli idagundanso dziko la America, pomwe sizinayambitse chisokonezo, monga ku England, poyamba; ndipo pafupi zaka 400 pambuyo pake ku America adaganizira za broccoli, ndipo dzikolo lidakhala lotumiza kwawo kwambiri kumayiko ena.
Pakadali pano, kuphatikiza ku USA, broccoli imalimidwa mwachangu ku India, China, France, Spain, Italy, Turkey, ndi Israel. Ku Russia, kupanga broccoli kumakhazikika mmanja a minda yaying'ono.
Kufotokozera kwa broccoli
Maonekedwe, broccoli amafanana kwambiri ndi kolifulawa, komabe, ma inflorescence ake si amtundu wowala, koma wobiriwira. M'chaka choyamba, phesi la broccoli limakula masentimita 70-80 ndipo ma peduncle angapo okoma amapangidwa pamwamba pake. Maluwa awa ali ndi korona wobiriwira wamtundu wobiriwira, womwe umakonzedwa mosavomerezeka. Ndendende mutuwu omwe amadya, kudula pamaso pa maluwa. Mukachedwa ndi broccoli ndipo masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikututa, ndiye kuti mwina sizingakhale bwino kudya kabichi.
Popeza, mutadula mutu wa broccoli kuchokera ku masamba ofukula, inflorescence yatsopano imayamba kupanga, kabichi ikhoza kubala mbewu kwa miyezi ingapo.
Akatswiri akuwona kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa broccoli kwenikweni padziko lonse lapansi; ngati titenga maiko wamba m'maiko osiyanasiyana, pamenepo pamakomedwe a broccoli, ochepa peresenti okha ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa kabichi yachikhalidwe.
Munkhaniyi, tikuuzani momwe mungakulire broccoli kudzera mu mbande, momwe mungasamalire bwino, momwe mungatchulire ndi mitundu yanji yomwe muyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Broccoli, kapena kabichi ya Asparagus. © Farhan AhsanKukula broccoli kudzera mbande
Mukayamba liti kufesa mbewu za broccoli?
Nthawi zambiri, mbande za broccoli zimabzalidwa mbande kumayambiriro kwa Marichi ndikupitilira mpaka pakati pa mwezi. Ponena za mitunduyo, mukazisankha, ndikofunikira kuganizira za nyengo za mdera lanu, mwachitsanzo, kumadera akumpoto, pomwe nthawi yachilimwe ndi yochepa komanso m'malo ozizira, simuyenera kulingalira za kubzala mitundu mochedwa ndi nthawi yakucha, apa muyenera kuyang'ana mitundu yoyambirira ndi yapakatikati.
Popewa zodabwitsa m'tsogolo, yesani kugula mbewu za broccoli m'masitolo apadera a mbewu ndikuonetsetsa kuti zatsalira.
Momwe mungakonzekere mbeu za broccoli?
Mukamaliza kugula, sinthani mbewu, sankhani zazikuluzikulu ndikuzilowetsa m'madzi otentha mpaka madigiri 50 kwa ola limodzi. Kenako, mbewu za broccoli zimayenera kumizidwa m'madzi ozizira ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 10, potero mumawawukitsa.
Imakhalabe yolowetsa mbewu za broccoli mu yankho la chilichonse chothandizira monga Heteroauxin, IMC ndi ena, kuti tifulumizane kumera. Mutha kuthira nthangala za broccoli mu yankho la chopukusira chakukula kwa maola 7-8, ndiye kuti muzimutsuka m'madzi otentha, ndikuyika mu chitseko cha firiji kwa tsiku limodzi, ndikuwupukuta pukuthira pang'onopang'ono mpaka kutuluka.
Kubzala Mbewu za Broccoli
Mutha kufesa nthangala mumtundu uliwonse wokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 25. Zitha kutayikira pansi pazotengera - dongo lokwera, miyala, mulingo wokulirapo, kenako ndikudzazidwa ndi dothi labwino (chisakanizo cha dothi la mchenga, mchenga wamoto, phulusa lamatabwa ndi manyowa m'malo ofanana) . Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lamadzi- komanso lopuma. Mbale zitadzaza ndi dothi, ndikofunikira kuthira kuchokera pamfuti yopopera, makamaka ndi madzi amvula, kenako ndikupanga ma grooves omwe akuya kupitirira sentimita ndi mtunda wa masentimita atatu pakati pawo. Mitengo ikakonzeka, mutha kubzala mbewu za broccoli, kenako kuwaza ndi dothi, ndikupanga pang'ono.
Kupitilira apo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha m'chipinda momwe munamera ma broccoli. Kutentha kusanachitike kuyenera kukhala pamlingo wa madigiri 19-20, nthawi yomweyo sipangakhale matumphuka panthaka, kutentha kuyenera kutsitsidwa mpaka madigiri 9-11 pofika masiku 7-8, ndikusintha kutentha kutengera nthawi ya tsiku. Chifukwa chake, masana mu nyengo yamadzuwa iyenera kusamalidwa pamlingo wa madigiri 15-17, komanso pamadigiri 12-13. Usiku, mosasamala kanthu nyengo kunja kwa zenera, kutentha kwa chipinda kuyenera kukhala pamlingo wa 8-10 digiri Celsius.
Chinyezi cha mpweya mchipindacho chiyenera kusamalidwa pamlingo wa 80-85%, nthaka iyenera kuyikidwanso, koma osasefukira, apo ayi mwendo wakuda ungawoneke womwe udzagwetsa mbande.
Mbewu za Pickle Broccoli
Mbande za kabichi za Broccoli nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa mbande zikafika zaka 14 mpaka 14. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat monga muli kutola, kuwonjezera kwina ndikusafunikira, kumasungunuka ndikukhala zakudya zina zofunikira mbande poyambira. Mbande za Broccoli ziyenera kukumbidwa mosamala, kusamala kuti zisawononge mizu. M'mbuyomu, makapu amayenera kudzazidwa ndi kusakaniza komwe munakonzekera kufesa, kuthira kuchokera ku botolo lothira, kupanga mabowo. Kenako, ndi kamtengo kakang'ono, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku ayisikilimu, muyenera kusankha bwino mbande m'bokosi, kuziyika mu zitsime za makapu, phatikizani dothi ndikutsanulanso kuchokera botolo lothira.
Pamaso mbande ya broccoli isanakulire, iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, pakuwombera. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuwonjezera kutentha m'chipindacho, kubweretsa madigiri 20 mpaka 22.
Pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu, pamene mbande za broccoli zimazika mizu, mutha kupanga manyowa pobweretsa yankho la nitroammophoski. Kuti muchite izi, supuni ya feteleza wovuta ayenera kusungunuka mumtsuko, 50 g ya yankho itha kuthiridwa mu chikho chilichonse. Mukatha kudyetsa, muyenera kuthandizanso kutentha ndikusintha malingana ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Masana, ndikofunikira kusamalira kutentha pa madigiri 16-18, ndipo usiku kutsika mpaka 8-10 digiri.
Pafupifupi milungu iwiri mbande za kabichi za broccoli zisanabzalidwe pansi, mutha kuyamba kuzikulitsa mwa kupita nazo kukhonde kapena kwa loggia kwa maola awiri, masiku angapo, kenako kwa maola 8-10, masiku angapo, ndiye kuyesa kubzala mbande m'mawa ndikututa mochedwa ndipo pamapeto, siyani mbuto zausiku 2-3 masiku musanabzalidwe.
Mbande za broccoli. © KatherineKubzala mbande za broccoli poyera
Mukadzala liti mbande za pansi?
Nthawi zambiri, zaka za broccoli mbande musanabzyala poyera ndi masiku 40-50, osatinso. Pakadali pano, mbande zikuyenera kukhala ndi masamba asanu kapena asanu ndi amodzi, ichi ndichizindikiro kuti ndi nthawi yoti mubzale.
Kalenda, nthawi imeneyi imagwera pakati pa theka lachiwiri la Meyi, komabe, ngati nthawi imeneyi kumazizira ndipo nthaka sinatenthe bwino, ndiye kuti nthawi yobzala mbande za kabichi ya kabichi ingasunthidwe.
Pakubzala mbande za broccoli, muyenera kusankha malo otseguka komanso owala bwino; ndichabwino ngati chatetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira kumpoto yakumpoto. Yesetsani kusankha bedi lomwe mumalima manyowa obiriwira, kaloti, anyezi, mbewu monga chimanga, nyemba ndi mbatata zomwe zidadalipo kale - izi ndizabwino kwambiri. Omwe amatsogolera ku broccoli ndi awa: ma beets a tebulo, radara, tomato, radishes ndi turnips; ngati zidakula pamalopo kale, ndiye kuti broccoli ingabzalidwe pamalo pokhapokha nyengo zinayi.
Ground for broccoli
Dothi labwino kwambiri la broccoli limawerengedwa ngati dothi losaloledwa kapena lamchere pang'ono, ndi pH ya 6.5 mpaka 7.5. Kukonzekera dothi lodzala mbande kumayenera kuyamba kumapeto, koma mutha kuchita izi mchaka, osachepera sabata musanabzale mbande. Pakukumba dothi lonse la fosholo, yomwe iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchotseredwa kwamasamba ambiri, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa manyowa kapena manyowa olowa bwino mu ma kilogalamu atatu pa mita imodzi. Ngati nthaka ndi acidic, onjezani laimu - 200 g pa lalikulu mita.
Mbande za Broccoli zobzalidwa pansi. © MalikoMomwe mungabzalire mbande za broccoli poyera?
Ndikofunika kubzala mbande za brccoli m'nthaka m'mawa kwambiri makamaka nyengo yotentha. Ntchito yoyenera kubzala ndi masentimita 35 mpaka 50-55. Kubzala kumachitika m'maenje omwe amafunika kukumba tsiku limodzi kapena awiri asanabzale mbande, ndikutsanulira musanabzale (0.5 l). Kuphatikiza pa madzi, 6-7 g ya nitroammophoski iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzitsime, kusakaniza feteleza ndi dothi lonyowa; ndiye kuti ndiyofunika kuyika mbande mu dzenje mu peat mug kapena ndi mizu yopanda kanthu, kuwaza ndi dothi, kuyipaka ndi kuthiriranso (250-300 g pa chomera chilichonse). Kupitilira apo, ndikofunikira kuwunikira nyengo: ngati chisanu chikuyembekezeka, ndiye kuti mbande zikuyenera kuphimbidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitsuko yagalasi kapena mabotolo apulasitiki odulidwa pakati. Dziwani kuti ngakhale ndi madigiri awiri a chisanu, mphukira za broccoli zimatha kufa.
Chisamaliro cha kabichi cha Broccoli
Kusamalira broccoli kumakhala kumasula nthaka, kupewa kupindika; pakusala, kupewa mpikisano ndi namsongole; kuthirira ndi kudyetsa. Masabata awiri mutabzala mbande, ndikofunikanso kuchita ndolo, zomwe zimayenera kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa sabata. Kubowola kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndikumasulira nthaka.
Musaiwale kuti broccoli yomwe yangobzalidwa pamera pamera imatha kuwonongeka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa dzuwa masiku otentha kwambiri, motero liyenera kutenthedwa kwa pafupifupi masiku atatu masana. M'masiku otentha kwambiri ndi owuma, ndikofunikira, kuwonjezera pakukakamiza kokhazikika, kupopera mpweya kuzungulira mbewu, ndipo nthawi zambiri mukachita izi, kukolola kwakukulu ndi mtundu wake.
Mukamasula dothi, yesetsani kuyika malirowo mopitilira masentimita eyiti, kuopera kuti mizu ingawonongeke. Kutsegula kumasulidwa makamaka tsiku lotsatira mutathirira kapena mvula yambiri.
Kuthirira broccoli
Ponena za kuthirira: broccoli nthawi zambiri amathiriridwa madzi masiku onse 6 mpaka 6, komabe, ngati pali chilala ndipo kutentha kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 24-26 ndi pamwamba, ndiye kuthirira kumatha kuchitika nthawi zambiri. Mukathirira, yesani kunyowetsa nthaka, osasandutsa dambo. Musaiwale za kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuthirira, mwachitsanzo, zigawo zokhala ndi dongo lonyowa.
Broccoli, kapena kabichi ya Asparagus. © allison mcdKuvala kwa Broccoli
Mwachilengedwe, ngati malingaliro anu akuphatikizira kupeza zokolola zonse, ndiye kuti muyenera kulingalira zodyetsa. Mutha kudyetsa broccoli pafupipafupi. Koyamba (osati kuwerengera momwe mungavalire mbande ndikubowola dzenje mukabzala) broccoli imatha kudyetsedwa patadutsa masiku 12-14 mutabzala panthaka. Pakadali pano, feteleza wachilengedwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuzomera. Mutha kudyetsa broccoli ndi njira ya mullein, pafupifupi 250 g ya mullein imafunika mu ndowa. Kuonjezera phindu lazakudya, supuni ya feteleza aliyense wa nayitrogeni, monga urea, ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho. Ngati mullein mullein, ndiye kuti ndowa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ziyenera kusungunuka 1 mpaka 20. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse mwazothetsera njirayi ndi pafupifupi mita imodzi.
Chovala chotsatirachi chapamwamba cha broccoli chitha kuchitika pambuyo pa masiku 18-20 itatha yoyamba. Pakadali pano, feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndiofunikira kwambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito makamaka ammonium nitrate mu kuchuluka kwa bokosi lamasewera pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Kuchuluka kwa mowa ndi chimodzimodzi - lita imodzi mwa nthaka.
Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimatha kuchitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe, panthawiyi feteleza ndi phosphorous ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa broccoli. Ndikofunika kuthira mu ndowa 30 30 g ya superphosphate ndi 9-11 g ya potaziyamu sulfate ndikuthirira nthaka, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 1.5 pa lalikulu mita.
Kututa koyamba kukayamba ndikuyamba mutu kuchotsedwa, ndikofunikira kudyetsa broccoli kachiwiri kuti mulimbikitse kukula kwa mphukira zamtsogolo. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupukuta supuni ya nitroammophoska mu ndowa ndikuthira madzi okwanira pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Patatha sabata limodzi atavala pamwamba, mutha kuwonjezera phulusa la matenthedwe 150-200 g wa mbewu, uyu ndi feteleza wabwino wa potashi. Kuti zitheke kwambiri, phulusa liyenera kumwazika dothi lomwe kale lidamasulidwa ndikuthirira madzi.
Kodi kukolola broccoli?
Takhudza kale zokolola: muyenera kudziwa kuti broccoli iyenera kuchotsedwa maluwa asanawululidwe. Mfundo iyi ndi yosavuta kuphonya, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kabichi. Pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe mungathe kumvetsetsa kuti kabichiyo yakonzekera kukolola, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa mutu: okonzeka kukolola, ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi pafupifupi 12-14 cm. Kenako - utoto: Mutu wa broccoli, wokonzekera kukolola, nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira, koma masamba ayenera kutseka. Kumayambiriro kwa chikasu cha masamba, zosonkhanitsa ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, apo ayi zidzachedwa, ndipo mbewu yonseyo imangosowa, ndiye kuti sizingakhale zosangalatsa komanso zopatsa thanzi.
Kututa kabichi wa broccoli kuyenera kuchitika m'mawa, pamene chili kuphiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti musadule mitu, koma kuti muidule, pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri komanso woyera kwambiri chifukwa cha izi.
Nthawi zambiri, kuyambira pomwe mbande zikuwonekera panthaka ndipo nthawi yoyamba kukolola, masiku 60-65 akudutsa, nthawi zambiri broccoli imakololedwa mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Zomera zonse zimafunikira kusungidwa chisanu chisanachitike.
Broccoli, kapena kabichi ya Asparagus. © Mat GreenZosiyanasiyana za kabichi broccoli
Zonse, State Record pakali pano ili ndi mitundu 37 ya broccoli. Kuchokera mamakalasi oyambirira broccoli ndiyofunika kulabadira mitundu yonse ya mbewu: Venus, Vyarus, Matsenga obiriwira ndi Corato, ochokera m'mawa kwambiri mitundu ya broccoli yadzitsimikizira: Macho, Moscow souvenir, Naxos ndi Fiesta, ochokera pagululi pakati pa nyengo mitundu ya broccoli ikhoza kusiyanitsidwa: Batavia, Heraklion, Gnome ndi Curly mutu, kuchokera mochedwa Zabwino kwambiri ndi: Ironman, Lucky, Monterey ndi Orantes, ndipo, pomalizira pake: Agassi, Belstar, Beaumont ndi Quinta.
