Nasturtium (Tropaeolum), wotchedwanso capuchin, ndi membala wa banja la Nasturtium. Mitundu iyi imayimiriridwa ndi zomera zotchedwa herbaceous, imagwirizanitsa mitundu pafupifupi 90. Dziko lakwawo la nasturtium ndi Central ndi South America, komabe, lakhala likukula pakati patali kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo limadziwika kwambiri. Chomerachi chimakhala chodzikulitsa pakukula, komanso chikufunanso mawonekedwe a kukoma ndi mankhwala. Komanso maluwa, nasturtium imawoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kukhala chokongoletsera cha dimba lililonse. Chomera ichi chidatumizidwa ku Russia kuchokera ku Holland, ndipo chimayamba kutchedwa capuchin, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a duwa, omwe ali ofanana ndi hood. Komabe, popita nthawi, mbewuyi idayamba kutchedwa nasturtium mokulira. Mbiri yaku Latin Latin "Tropaeolum" idapereka maluwa kwa Karl Linney.
Zambiri za Nasturtium
Nasturtium ndimera osatha kapena pachaka. Nthawi zambiri uwu ndi mpesa wokhala ndi mphukira zabwino, zitsamba zochepa. Nthawi zambiri, masamba amadzimadzimadzimadzawo, amachepetsa mbali, paliponse, chithokomiro. Maluwa onunkhira amatha kukhala awiri, osavuta kapena apakati. Iwo ndi zygamorphic, osasinthika mawonekedwe, axillary komanso bisexual. Mulinso ma petals 5 (nthawi zina ochulukirapo), omwe ali ndi manda ofanana, ndi chubu chooneka ngati maliro, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala timadzi tokoma. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala achikaso achikaso kapena ofiira. Kuphatikizidwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumaphatikizapo lobes-3 yopindika ngati impso, ndipo mu iliyonse mbewu za mawonekedwe a impso zimacha.
Mphukira ndi maluwa a chomerachi amasiyana mankhwala, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza zida zosiyanasiyana zophikira.
Kukula kwa Nasturtium kuchokera ku Mbewu
Kufesa
Pobala nasturtium, njira yobala (mbewu) imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukula mbewu zotere pogwiritsa ntchito njere ndikosavuta. Mbewu za Nasturtium ndizambiri. Zofesedwa mwachindunji panthaka yachiwiri ya Meyi, pomwe zipatso zobwerera zimasiyidwa. Pangani mabowo osazama (pafupifupi 20 mm), pomwe mtunda wa 0.25-0.3 m uyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kusoka kumachitika ndi njira yodulira, pomwe mbewu zitatu kapena zinayi ziyenera kuikidwa mu bowo limodzi. Ngati kunja kukuzizira usiku, ndiye kuti malowo ndi mbewu amaphimbidwa ndi chilichonse chophimba (mwachitsanzo, wokutira pulasitiki). Zomera zamadzi zizikhala madzi ofunda okha. Mbande zoyambirira zidzawonekera patatha masiku 7-15.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Nasturtium itha kubzalidwe kudzera mbande, momwe maluwa amatuluka kale kuposa nthawi yofesa mbewu panthaka. Pofesa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makapu okhala ndi pansi kapena peat. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mu Epulo kapena Meyi, amaikidwa m'manda 20mm, pomwe 2 kapena 3 mbewu imayikidwa 1 chikho. Kenako magalasiwo amakonzedwanso pamalo ozizira (madigiri 20 mpaka 22). Mbande zoyambirira zidzawonekera pakatha masiku 15. Zomera zomwe zikuwoneka ziyenera kupereka magetsi abwino kuti asatambasule, mwinanso, atasinthira pamalo otseguka, zimapweteka kwa nthawi yayitali komanso osaphuka. Popeza mizu ya nasturtium ndiyofooka komanso yofooka, ndipo tsamba limakhala lalikulu, mbande sizinadulidwe, ndipo mbande zimabzalidwa panthaka mwachindunji m'makanyo, osaphwanya umphumphu wa dothi lonyowa.
Kubzala Kunja Kwa Nasturtium
Nthawi yobzala
Kubzala mbande za nasturtium panthaka yabwino kumachitika m'masiku 10 oyambirira a June. Pakufikira, muyenera kusankha malo omwe ali ndi dzuwa omwe ali ndi chitetezo chodalirika ku mphepo yozizira. Ngati duwa lathuli ladzala m'malo otetezeka, ndiye kuti maluwa ake sadzakhala okongola komanso ochititsa chidwi. Dothi limafunikira chopatsa thanzi pang'ono acidic, komanso chotsekeranso. Ngati dothi muli chinthu chachilengedwe chambiri, ndiye kuti msipu wamtchire umakula kwambiri, koma osaphuka. Mukakulitsa nasturtium panthaka yadzala kwambiri, masamba ake amakhala ochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphukira ziwonekere, ndipo maluwa amataya kukongoletsa kwake kwambiri. Ngati mungasankhe dothi lonyowa komanso lonyowa, ndiye kuti mbewuyo iwola.
Zowongolera
Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, mbande zimabzalidwa panthaka m'masiku oyamba a June. Chomera chimabzalidwa limodzi ndi makapu amtundu wa peat kapena nyemba zambiri, ndipo ayenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa mizu ya mmera imatha kuvulala mosavuta. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu umadalira mwachindunji mitundu yake ndi mitundu yake, ndipo umatha kukhala wamitundu iwiri mpaka 0,4. Choyamba, mbewu zobzalidwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa usiku. Maluwa adzayamba patatha milungu 6.
Kusamalira Nasturtium
Kusamalira nasturtiums ndikosavuta kwambiri. Afunika kuthiriridwa munthawi yake komanso namsongole. Ngati mbande zibzalidwe pamalowo, mudaziphimba ndi mulch, ndiye kuti izi zingapewe zovuta zolimbana ndi udzu. Kumayambiriro kokhazikika kwa ntchito yogwira, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kuti kuthirira mwadongosolo, komwe kumayenera kukhala kochulukirapo. Maluwa atayamba, kuthirira kumayenera kukonzedwa pokhapokha dothi likauma, ngati limasungunuka nthawi zonse, limasokoneza kukongola kwa maluwa, koma udzu wobiriwira umakula kwambiri. Ndikofunikanso kutengera nthawi yomwe maluwa omwe anayamba kupera. Ngati mukufuna kutolera mbewu, ingosiyani mazira ochepa pamenepa.
Asanayambe maluwa, kudyetsa pafupipafupi mbewu iyi ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu kumachitika ndi nthawi 1 m'masiku 7. Ma feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni samadyetsa mbewuyi.
Kufalikira kwa nasturtium
Momwe mungakulire nasturtium kwa mbewu akufotokozedwa pamwambapa. Komabe pofalitsa, gwiritsani ntchito kudula. Kuzutsa zodula, mumchenga wothira bwino kapena madzi mumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yobala, monga lamulo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu ya terry kapena mitundu yosowa kwambiri yomwe mbewu zake ndizovuta kugula. Tikafalitsa ndi zodula, mitundu yonse yamitundu ndi mitundu ya mbewu ya mai chomera imasungidwa bwino.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chomera ichi ndi chokongola komanso chothandiza kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, imathamangitsa nthomba, kabichi, kafadala wa Colorado, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo tina.
Komabe, nasturtium imatha kudwala. Mwachitsanzo, amakhudzidwa ndi kukoka kwa mabakiteriya. Pazoyerekeza, tsamba lam'munsi limayamba kufooka, kenako chitsamba chonse chimayamba kuzimiririka. Ndipo amatha kudwala ndi imvi zowola, chifukwa cha omwe mawanga owuma amtundu wa bulauni amapangidwa pambale ya masamba. Pamaso pa masamba nthawi zina mumatha kuwona madontho a zithunzi kapena zakuda kapena zofiirira. Ngati zizindikiro za matenda izi zikuchitika, tchire lomwe lakhudzidwalo liyenera kufufutidwa ndikuwonongeka. Mwanjira imeneyi, maluwa otsala amoyo amathiridwa ndi chida chapadera chomwe chitha kupha ma causative othandizira matendawa.
Momwe Mungatolere Mbewu za Nasturtium
Ngati mukufuna kudzimva ngati obereketsa, ndiye kuti muyenera kututa mbewu za nasturtium patsamba lanu. Kucha mbewu kumachitika nthawi yomweyo maluwa atafota. Mbeu zachilendo zakunja sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha chisanu, ndipo izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Mbeu zokhwima zimasintha mtundu wake wobiriwira kuti uziyera, zimatha kupatukana mosavuta ndi peduncle ndikugwera pamalowo. Pankhaniyi, siziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi kutolera mbewu, chifukwa zimatha kutha. Zosungidwa, njere zimayikidwa m'mabokosi a makatoni. Wokolola mbewu zosapsa za nasturtium yakunja ziyenera kuleredwa mchipinda.
Nasturtium pambuyo maluwa
Maluwa atatha, tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono nthawi iliyonse mpaka litasiya kwathunthu. Pakatikati patali, monga lamulo, izi zimalimidwa ngati pachaka, motero, m'dzinja, ziyenera kuchitidwa monga pachaka. Kapena m'malo mwake, yeretsani malowo kuchokera zinyalala zam'mera zomwe ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Tsambalo palokha liyenera kukumbidwa. Kumbukirani kusonkhanitsa nthanga choyamba ngati pangafunike kutero.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya nasturtium yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Nasturtium yomwe ikukula munyengo yachilengedwe ndimera osatha. Komabe, m'minda yamtunda wamtali, duwa limatha kubzala ngati pachaka, chifukwa limatha kupulumuka nthawi yozizira pamalo otseguka. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima ndi mitundu yazikhalidwe za nasturtium, yomwe idzafotokozeredwe pansipa.
Nasturtium yakunja, kapena Canary
Dziko lakwawoli limakhala South America. Kutalika kwa mphukira zobiriwira kumatha kufika 3.5 m, pomwe kumakhala kulumikizana mosachedwa kwambiri komanso kotchinga. Maluwa amayambira pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo amatha ndikuyamba kwa chisanu. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu amakhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, komanso masamba obiriwira. Magawo ang'onoang'ono a masamba amatha kukhala magawo asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri. Pakatikati, nthanga sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha.
Nasturtium ndi yayikulu
Mphukira zosalimba ndizophukira mwamphamvu, zimatha kutalika pafupifupi 2.5 m.Palibe zokwawa, koma mitundu yowongoka, munthawi imeneyi kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kufika 0,7 m.Maluwa akutuluka mu June, ndipo amtha ndi chisanu mutayamba kugwa. Mtunduwu umabereka wokha-kubereka. Mbewu zimagwira ntchito kwa zaka 4. Makatani akuluakulu azitsamba za asymmetric amazunguliridwa komanso chithokomiro. Kutsogolo kwawo kumakhala konyezimira, ndipo kunsi kwake ndi kwamtambo. Ali ndi petioles zazitali, ndipo masamba onse amafika 80 mm. Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu yambiri, momwe mumapezeka mitundu yama shrub mwachitsanzo:
- King Theodore - Mtundu wa maluwa ndi ofiira kwambiri;
- Peach Melba - pakati pa maluwa otsekemera pali mawanga ofiira;
- Mwana wa Salmon - Maluwa a semi-iwiri amakhala ndi mtundu wa nsomba;
- Ladybug - pakati pa duwa la apurikoti pali malo owotcha.
Chikhalidwe nasturtium
Mitunduyi idaphatikiza ma hybrids akuluakulu a nasturtium ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Mphukira zimakhala ndi tsamba. Ma pepala a chithokomiro amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wobiriwira. Mtunduwu, mitundu imasiyana kutalika ndi mawonekedwe:
- mitundu yaying'ono mpaka theka la mita kutalika;
- mitundu ya zokwawa, yomwe imayambira mpaka ma 4 metres;
- mitundu yamtali yomwe kutalika kwake sikupitirira masentimita 15-20.
Zosiyanasiyana:
- Gleming Mahagani - kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 37, maluwa owirikiza ndi ofiira;
- Golden Globe - chitsamba cha mawonekedwe ozungulira chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,25 m ndi mulifupi wa 0,4 m, masamba masamba ndi obiriwira mozungulira, maluwa awiriawiri (pafupifupi 65 mm kudutsa) maluwa amapaka utoto wachikasu;
- Kuwala kwa mwezi - kutalika kwa mphukira za chomera chakwera ichi pafupifupi pafupifupi mamita, mtundu wa maluwa ake ndi wachikasu.
Nasturtium yaying'ono
Mphukira zophukira zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa mamita 0.35. Magawo ang'onoang'ono a tsamba la chithokomiro ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, petioles ndi ochepa komanso aatali kwambiri. Maluwa ang'onoting'ono achikasu akufika 30 mm, pamakhala malo owoneka bwino, matumbawo atatu apamwamba ndi velvety ndipo ali ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa, spurs lopindika limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Maluwa amawonedwa mu June-Okutobala. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Cherry anawuka - kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi 0,3 m, maluwa awiri amakhala ndi mtundu wofiyira;
- Chovala chakuda - chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,3 m, mtundu wa maluwa osavuta amakhala owoneka ngati wakuda, m'mimba mwake amafikira 60 mm, mtundu wina wotere nthawi zina umatchedwa "Lady Lady".
Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro
Mtunduwu umaimiridwa ndi zitsamba zokwawa. Zitsamba zosalala zosalala zimapakidwa utoto wobiriwira, zimafikira kutalika kwa 4 metres. Masamba a chithokomiro ndi wobiriwira wakuda bii. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi ofiira kwambiri. Maluwa amawonedwa mu June-Okutobala, mbewu zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha. Mitundu ya Lusifara ndiyotchuka kwambiri: kutalika kwa tchire lowongoka pafupifupi 0.25 m, mtundu wa thundu ndiwotuwa, masamba akuluakulu amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amakhala ndi tint yofiirira yakuda. Maluwa osavuta ofiira ofiira kufikirira 60 mm.
Mitundu ina yokongoletsera ya nasturtium ndi azure, ciliary, multifoliate, wokongola, utoto utatu, koma siinakulidwe pakatikati.
Zothandiza zimatha nasturtium
Maluwa okongola kwambiri a nasturtium ali ndi katundu wochiritsa ndipo amathanso kudyedwa. Maluwa ndi masamba azomera zazing'ono zimawonjezeredwa ku sopo, saladi ndi masangweji, komanso amakongoletsa mbale zosiyanasiyana. Zipatso zosankhidwa za maluwa oterowo ndizofanana ndi kukoma kwa okwera mtengo. Mbewu zikauma bwino komanso kupera, mudzapeza zokometsera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa tsabola wakuda. Mwa njira, zokometsera zofananira zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mutha kudya magawo onse azikhalidwe izi, koma osati mizu.
Zoti nasturtium ili ndi katundu wochiritsa zadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa kukula kwa tsitsi, pochotsa zotupa pakhungu, komanso kuperewera kwa vitamini, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi matenda a impso. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito nasturtium pochiza scurvy, chifukwa zomwe zili ndi vitamini C ndizokwera kwambiri (nthawi 10 kuposa letesi).
Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe kazomera kameneka kamaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi antibacterial katundu, monga proitamin A komanso osasunthika. Zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chomerachi zimaphatikizidwa ndi njira zochizira matenda a atherosulinosis, komanso zovuta zama metabolic mwa anthu okalamba. Kapangidwe ka ma rhizomes kumaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi.
Asayansi atsimikizira kuti mbewu iyi ili ndi mankhwala:
Ndi bongo wa nasturtium, kuyamwa kwa m'mimba thirakiti mucosa zimawonedwa.
