Momwe mungakulire mbande zabwino kunyumba - upangiri wa akatswiri

Mbande zolimba zakunyumba zamasamba ndi maluwa, iyi ndiye njira yotuta. Momwe mungakulire mbande zabwino ndi manja anu kunyumba, tidzalongosola pambuyo pake m'nkhaniyi.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso pazenera la nyumba pano ndi apo, woyamba ayamba kuoneka - mbande zakunyumba.

Kuti okhawo amene amalima samadzala - okonda kunyumba !!!

Izi zikuphatikiza nkhaka ndi tomato, kabichi, sage, biringanya, maluwa ndi zina zambiri ...

Komabe, ziyembekezo za wamaluwa sizimangopatsidwa zokolola zamtsogolo mtsogolo ...

Nthawi zina mbande imakula, imatambalala, ndipo imafooka kwathunthu ...

Momwe mungaperekere zofunikira zofunikira kuti mbande ipange mbande zathanzi?

Kupatula apo, ichi ndiye chitsimikizo cha maziko olimba a tsogolo labwino komanso kukolola mowolowa manja!

Momwe mungakulire mbande molondola kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino zomwe mungakhale okondwa kugawana ndi oyandikana nawo mdziko muno?

Tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Mbeu Zapakhomo Zabwino - Zinsinsi Zokukula

Zingafunikire chiyani kuti mukule mbande?

Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula mbande:

mabokosi, zida zapadera zofesa, makaseti, makapu amtundu wa peat ndi makapu okhala ndi mitsuko (zitha kusinthidwa ndi zotengera zowonekera popanda komanso zikuluzikulu kuchokera ku supermarket, makapu amtundu woyipa, madzi a mkaka ndi mkaka, mabotolo apulasitiki a zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi madzi; mitsuko ya yogati ndi zotengera zina zabwino)
chingwe ndi phewa
kuthirira ndi kupopera mfuti,
nyali zowunikira mbande,
Filimu ya PE kapena zophimba.

Tcherani khutu!

Kugwiritsa ntchito makapu apulasitiki pakukula mbande, musaiwale kupanga dzenje lakutsamo. Ikani mbande zoterezo munthaka, muyenera kudula kapu ndikubzala mbewu ndi dothi lapansi.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mbeu?

Kuti mupeze mbande zabwino, muyenera kusankha mbewu zoyenera.

Choyamba, ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri, chachiwiri, munthu sayenera kulakwitsa posankha mitundu, ndipo chachitatu, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi yomweyo azitha kuwerengetsa mbewu zomwe zikufunika.

Zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ndi mbewu yabwino:

Pogula mbewu, choyamba, yang'anani wopanga. Ndikwabwino kugula mbewu zamakampani zomwe mudachita kale ndikuwona zabwino zamalonda.
Ndikofunika kugula mbewu m'matumba okhala ndi zojambulazo ndi filimu ya pulasitiki, mbewu zotere zimasungidwa bwino. Amakhala ndi nthawi yogulitsa zaka 2, ndipo mbewu zili m'matumba a pepala-1 chaka.
Werengani mosamala zomwe zalembedwa paphukusili: Kufotokozera zamitundu mitundu, kubzala malangizo, mashelufu moyo wa njere. Komanso, kumera%, kuchuluka kwa mbewu m'magalamu kungasonyezedwe.

Sankhani zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zomwe mumakonda, wina amakonda mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri, kenako wina amawakonda, ndi ena.

Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yosiyana ndi yophatikiza.

Izi ndizofunika !!!!

Zophatikiza zitha kukhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana - kuwonjezereka zipatso, kukana matenda ndi zina ... Koma izi siziperekedwa ku mibadwo yotsatira ya mbewu. Ndiye kuti, mumapeza mbewu za nyengo imodzi yokha. Koma mumitundu yoyera, mikhalidwe yonse imaperekedwa ku m'badwo wotsatira. Komanso, mbewu zotere zimapezeka kamodzi kokha, kenako mutha kusonkhanitsa mbewu zanu.

Komanso, musagule mbewu zogulitsa, gulani ndendende kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe mungabzale chaka chino.

Tcherani khutu!

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungasankhire mbewu m'nkhaniyi.

Kukonzekeretsa mbewu yofesa

Musanabzale mbeu m'nthaka, muyenera kukonzekera bwino. Kenako mbande zimayamba kukula bwino!

Kukonzekera kumaphatikizapo magawo angapo:

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanabzale

Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mbande chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana, tikulimbikitsidwa kupha tizirombo kapena kuvala njere musanabzala.

Izi zimachitika pofuna kupewetsa kuthekera kwa kufalitsa mbewu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Kunyumba, mbewu nthawi zambiri amazikhomera ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (atanyowa kwa mphindi 45 mu 1% yankho la potaziyamu permanganate):

mbewu za phwetekere
anyezi
radishi
udzu winawake
nandolo
nyemba
nyemba
madokotala
chimanga
letesi
maluwa pachaka

Mbewu zomwe zimafunikira kunyowa kwa mphindi 20 mu 2% yankho la potaziyamu ya potaziyamu:

Mbeu za kabichi
tsabola
nkhaka
biringanya
kaloti
katsabola
dzungu dzungu

Momwe mungakonzekere njira ya potaziyamu permanganate yotsatsira mbewu

Kuti mupeze yankho la 1%, muyenera kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo okwana 1.0 ndikusungunuka mu 100 ml ya madzi, kukonzekera yankho la 2% - 2 g mu 100 ml yamadzi.

Pambuyo poti utizilombo, njere zimatsukidwa ndi madzi.

Pakadali pano, pali mankhwala ambiri amakono ophera majini. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kutsatira mosamala malangizo omwe akunyamula.

Kufetsa mbewu musanabzike

Mbeu zouma zimamera kwambiri komanso pang'onopang'ono kuposa zonyowa.

Chifukwa chake, musanabzale, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwakhomera m'madzi kapena mwanjira zapadera, zolimbikitsira kumera.

Izi zichitike moyenera kuti zisawononge mbewu.

Palibe chifukwa chomwe mungawasungire madzi ambiri - kotero mbewu zimatha kukula ndipo mutha kuwononga zonse zobzala.

Ndi madzi ati omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kunyowetsa mbewu?

Pakunyowa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka kapena madzi ochepa mchere. Madzi abwinobwino ampopi a mbewu amatha kukhala ovuta.

Mbeu zizinyowa mpaka liti?

Kuchepetsa nthawi ya mbewu kumatengera mbewu. Pafupifupi, maola 18 ndiokwanira izi. Kupatula kwake ndi izi: kaloti, katsabola, anyezi wobiriwira, parsley, udzu winawake - amafunika kuti aziwhatiritsidwa kwa maola 48.

Kodi zilowerere nyemba zisanabzalidwe?

Mbewu ziziikidwa pakati pa nsalu zonyowa ndikuziyika mchidebe ndi chivindikiro kapena thumba la pulasitiki kuti chinyezi chisamasanduke msanga. Ikani chidebe pamalo amdima (mwachitsanzo, nduna), kutentha kwa firiji (20 -25 ° C)

Zofunika !!!

Dragee, gel, plasma, mbewu za laser zilowerere musanadzale sizofunika !!!

Njira monga stratification (kukondoweza kuzizira) ndi kufooketsa (kuphwanya kwachinyengo kwa chigoba chapamwamba cha mbewu) zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito polimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu mwachangu.

Kukonzekera kwadothi kokula mbande

Ndikosavuta kuwerengera kufunika kokonza nthaka kuti ibzale mbande, popeza kusankhidwa kwake koyenera kuli hafu yabwinopo pakukula mbande.

Kusankhidwa kwa gawo lapansi pazomera zosiyanasiyana ndikosiyana, komabe, pali malamulo omwe amafanana ndi onse obzala.

Dothi la mbande liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lotayirira, komanso lonyentchera, izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ubweretse mizu ya mbande mosavuta. Ndikofunika kugula dothi la mbande m'masitolo odziwika.

Gawo lapansi

Kapangidwe ka dothi kazikhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, ma micro - ndi micronutrients. Komanso, ziyenera kupezeka mu mawonekedwe osachedwa kugaya.

Pokonzekera gawo lapansi, sichikhala chopepuka kukumbukira kuti muyeso uyenera kukhala pachilichonse, osachipanga kukhala chopatsa thanzi - kupangika kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala koyenera.

Zofunika !!!

Ngati michere yopezeka m'gawo laling'onolo ikachuluka, mbande zimadyetsedwa mopitilira, chifukwa chake, mbande zimakula kwambiri, popanda kuwala chifukwa zotsatira zake zidzakhala motere - mbewuzo sizingakhale zofooka komanso zotalika, zomwe sizingatchulidwe kuti ndi zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.

Chinyezi komanso kusaloledwa kwa gawo lapansi

Acidity acidity iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi ndale ndi zopatuka pang'ono mkati pH 6.5-7.2. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi liyenera kuyamwa ndikusunga chinyontho bwino.

Kapangidwe konsekonse ka dothi ka mbande ndi motere:

Humus - 1 gawo
Mchenga wozungulira - gawo limodzi
Dziko la Sodomu - 2 magawo
Phulusa la nkhuni - makapu awiri pa ndowa iyi.

Komanso, zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda chilengedwe izi zitha kuwonjezeredwa m'nthaka kuti zibzalidwe: tsamba ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, moss, mankhusu kuchokera kumbewu ndi mtedza, dzira la ufa wa chipolopolo ndi peel ya nthochi, peat, dongo lotukulidwa, dongo loterera, perlite, mchenga wamtsinje.

Chatsopano komanso chitetezo cha gawo lapansi

Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito dothi lanu popanga mbande, musanafesere mbewu, sefa kaye pang'onopang'ono, kenako ndikuwotcha.

Momwe mungasinthire dziko lapansi

Imodzi mwanjira zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito ikuyenda pogwiritsa ntchito uvuni: nthaka imayenera kuthiridwa mu pepala lophika ndikunyowa, ndiye kutentha osapitirira +80 ° C sungani maola awiri.

Momwe mungabzalire mbeu m'nthaka mbande?

Ma algorithm pobzala mbewu za mbande ndi motere:

Dzazani bokosilo ndi dothi lokonzekereratu ndi chosemeza, chinyowetsani bwino ndi madzi kapena njira yampweya wa bio yomwe imapangitsa kumera (mwachitsanzo, Radiance - 2)
Kupanga miyala m'nthaka ndikuzama masentimita 1, izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo kapena wolamulira.
Kenako, mbewu zimayikidwa m'minda, mtunda pakati pa mbewuyo uzikhala osachepera 1.5 cm.
Ngati njereyo ndi yayikulu, imakanikizidwa m'nthaka ndikuthiridwa pamwamba ndi dothi 1 cm. Ngati njereyo ndi yaying'ono, imapanikizidwa pang'ono ndikuphatikizidwa.
Kenako, chidebe chomwe chili ndi mbande chimakutidwa ndi filimu yowoneka bwino ya PE ndikuyika malo otentha mpaka kumera.

Mitengo yotentha yokukula mbande

Ulamuliro wabwino kwambiri womwe mungapangire mbande utha kumera, kukula ndi kukula kwa mbande zazing'ono.

Kutentha kwapakati pa mbewu masana kuyenera kukhala: +20 ° С, masana kutentha kuyenera kukwezedwa kufika pa + 23-25 ° С.

Mu sabata yoyamba kumera, kutentha kumangosungidwa mkati: + 17-18 ° C.

Mbewu zimagawika m'magulu atatu pa kutentha:

Gulu loyamba - loletsa kutentha (kabichi yonse)
Gulu lachiwiri - makamaka ofuna kutentha (mbatata, beets, letesi, anyezi, leki, letesi)
Gulu lachitatu - thermophilic. (zakale, dzungu, phwetekere, nyemba, tsabola, biringanya)

Pambuyo pofesa mbewu, kutentha kwa kumera kuyenera kukhala lokwanira - Kwa magulu awiri oyamba, 20-25 ° C, kwa 3 - 25-30 ° C.

Pambuyo pakuwoneka mbande zoyambirira, kuti muimitse kutalika kwa mbande, muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka 10 ° C kwa gulu loyamba, 12 kwa gulu la 2, mpaka 15 ° C kwa gulu lachitatu, 15-17 ° C kwa mavwende.

Masabata awiri asanagulitsidwe panthaka, mbande ziyenera kukhazikika. M'magulu awiri oyamba, onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa 6-8 ° C, gulu lachitatu - 12-14 ° C.

Chinyontho choyenera cha mpweya wa mbande

Chinyezi cha mpweya wabwino chimathandizira kumera mwachangu kwa mbeu zobzalidwa komanso kukula bwino kwa mbande.

Peresenti yopindulitsa ya chinyezi cha mpweya ndi 60-70%.

Koma tsabola ndi biringanya amakonda chinyezi 60-65%, ndi kolifulawa ndi zukini - 70-80%.

Njira imodzi yosungitsira chinyezi ndikuwawaza, koma kuwapaka mankhwalawa sikungathandize, popeza njira imeneyi ndi yochepa kwambiri.

Yesetsani kutenga filimu ya pulasitiki mwa kuyiyika pansi pa miphika, kuwotchera m'mphepete kuti m'mphepete mwake ikhale yokwanira masentimita 30 kuposa mapoto. Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti wowonjezera kutentha azitha, potero kuwonjezera chinyezi mchipindacho.

Kangati kuthirira mbande?

Kufunika kothirira ndikovuta kudya kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu zimangofunika madzi, kuyanika panthaka kumabweretsa mavuto.

Kutsirira kuchitika kuchokera wamba kuthirira angathe.

Ngati njere zaphimbidwa pang'ono ndi dothi, ndiye muyenera kuthiririra madzi mosamala - ndi pulverizer kapena pipette.

Ndi madzi ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira mbande?

Madzi othirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa, kutentha kwambiri.

Kangati kuthirira mbande?

Kutsirira kumayenera kukhala nthawi 1-2 pasabata. Koma, kuthirira kokhazikika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa chidebe chomwe mbande zakula. Nthawi yothirira: iliyonse, koma dzuwa m'mawa ndibwino.

Mumabokosi ndi makapu apulasitiki, mbande zimamwetsa madzi nthawi zambiri kuposa makapu a peat ndi mapiritsi a peat.

Patatha maola awiri ndi atatu kuthirira, ndikofunikira kuchotsa madzi owonjezera kuchokera poto ngati ikuwoneka pamenepo.

Kukhazikitsa nyali yoyenera mbande

Ndibwino ngati mawindo a nyumba yanu ayang'anizana ndi dzuwa, koma kutentha kumene sikokwanira kupereka chokwanira chomera chomera.

Nthawi yofunika kuti mbewu ziunikire ziyenera kukhala zosachepera maola 12 patsiku.

Pakukula mbande, sankhani zenera lopepuka kwambiri mu nyumba.

Mwanjira ina iliyonse, muyenera kuganizira za kuwunikirako, osatchulapo mawindo a nyumba atayang'ana mbali ya mthunzi.

Kumbukirani !!!

Masiku atatu oyambilira atamera mbande, mbande zimadumphira nthawi yonse, ndiye maola 12-16 patsiku.

Pali zosankha zingapo zowunikira, zambiri kapena zotsika mtengo, tiuza pang'ono za izi:

Mababu a incandescent

Njira imodzi yosavuta yowunikira m'mundawo pawindo ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyali wamba, nyali nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa mkati mwa 40 watts. Njira yowunikira kumbuyo siyabwino kwambiri, chifukwa kutentha kwambiri kumamasulidwa, komwe kumayambitsa kutalika kwa mbewu ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwamasamba ambiri. Mwambiri, zabwino zimakhala zopanda pake, koma zowawa pankhope.

Tauni za fluorescent (nyali za fluorescent)

Mwambiri, potengera mawonekedwe awo, nyali izi zili pafupi ndi mawonekedwe omwe amafunikira, perekani kuwala kwabwino, musatenthe, chifukwa chake musatenthezere mbewu komanso ndizachuma. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi a 250 W: ofunda - 3000 K ndi ozizira - mitundu 3500 K.

Nyali zotulutsa

Nyali zotere nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma greenhouse kapena ma greenhouse. Panyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zotere muzipinda zosafunikira chifukwa chowala kwamphamvu kwamayala. Nyali za Mercury zimatulutsa kuwala pang'ono kuposa sodium, chifukwa sizoyenera kubzala. Nyali zambiri zotulutsa zimakhala ndi sodium, chifukwa ndizoyenera kuwoneka bwino padzuwa, lomwe zitsulo zotayidwa ndizoyenera kwambiri pakumera kwa mbande.

Phytolamps (nyali za LED)

Nyali zotere zimatulutsa mitsinje ya kuwala kofunikira, ndizoyenererana bwino kuti mbande zikule ndikuyamba kutsogolera mbali iyi. Nyali izi ndizachuma, zachilengedwe komanso zopulumutsa mphamvu, pomwe nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi moyo wautali. Zoyipa za nyali zotere ndizokwera mtengo komanso kusowa kwa chinyezi. Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zingwe za LED.

Ndi mtundu wanji wowunikira womwe ungasankhe dimba lanyumba lomwe mwasankha, nthawi yomweyo kumbukirani, ngati windows yanu itayang'ana mbali ya mthunzi, ndiye kuyatsa kuyatsa tsiku lililonse.

Ngati mawindo ali kumbali yamdzuwa, yatsani magetsi nthawi yamitambo.

Mukakhazikitsa zokonza, mtunda kuchokera pa nyali kupita pachomera sayenera kupitirira masentimita 10, ndikukula mbande, mtunda ukuwonjezeka.

Matenda a mbande

Munthawi ya kukula, mbewu zazing'ono zimatha kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana monga blackleg kapena mizu yowola ndipo zina, lingalirani zotsatirazi:

Mwendo wakuda

Matenda owopsa omwe mbewuyo imazirala ndikufa. Zizindikiro zamatendawa: tsinde pafupi ndi nthaka limasandulika lakuda, cotyledon imasiya kuzimiririka ndikusanduka chikasu. Ngati matendawa apezeka, chotsani madera omwe akhudzidwa, ndipo osathirira zotumphukira kwa masiku angapo. Chotsaninso dothi lapamwamba pamizere yodwala powonjezera phulusa.

Zovunda

Matendawa ali ndi zizindikiro: chikaso cham'munsi masamba, mutachita mdima ndi kugwa, mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima yakuda pamizu, mizu yoyaka.

Kalanga ine, palibe njira zochizira matendawa; mbewu monga kabichi, phwetekere, tsabola, biringanya, sage, cloves, allspice ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Tcherani khutu !!!

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oterewa ndizomera zobzalidwa munthaka zomwe zimapangitsa asidi, kapena ngati m'nthaka muli dothi lambiri. Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi zowola mizu titha kuigwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi labwino komanso lopanda mawonekedwe.

Werengani zambiri za zovuta zazikulu za mbande, werengani apa

Kudyetsa mbande

Nthawi yonseyi yokukula, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa.

Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika:

muzu - feteleza mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amapakidwa nthaka.
foliar- feteleza njira yothira mafuta mfuti pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti.

Kuvala koyambira muzu kumachitika, patatha masiku 10 zitamera.

Kenako mbande zimadyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, mpaka zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.

Kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri kumachitika kuyambira pomwe timapepala totsimikizika timayamba, kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri.

Monga feteleza, feteleza wazonse zovuta za mbande umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kutola mbande

Wosankha ndi kufalitsa mbande kukhala mumipanda ingapo.

M'pofunika kuti mupeze mmera chakudya chokwanira, komanso kuti muchepetse kukula kwa kubzala.

Kutola kumachitika pa gawo la masamba oyamba atatu.

Kubzala mbande - mawonekedwe a mmera chisamaliro

Monga lamulo, mbewu za mbande zimabzalidwe bwino pamasiku abwino a kalendala yoyambira, zambiri panjira apa

chikhalidwe	tsiku lobzala	komwe amafesa	nthawi yoti ntchito ithe
Nkhaka	20 . 04 - 10. 05	Osaloledzera m'makalata, mapoto a peat kapena mapiritsi a peat	Masiku 2-3 kuzungulira kwa wotchi, ndiye kuti maola 14-16 patsiku
Tomato	Mitundu yoyambirira ndi ma hybrids - yazaka zitatu za Marichi, mitundu yapakati komanso mochedwa mitundu ndi ma hybrids - zaka 2 za Marichi.	Mumabhokisi kapena piritsi za peat.	Patatha masiku 2-3 kumera nthawi yonse ya thukuta, ndiye kuti maola 14-16 patsiku.
Maluwa pachaka	25.03-15.04	Mumabokosi otsatiridwa ndikunyamula, gawanani zida	Maola 12-14 patsiku.
Maluwa osatha	Kutengera kalasi	Nthawi yomweyo mumbale zosiyanasiyana, mbewu zazikulu zokhala ndi chivundikiro chokulirapo zimafunikira kumera	osachepera maola 12-14 patsiku.
Pepper	Zaka 2 za Marichi	Makapu amtundu wa peat kapena miphika, amafunika kutsina pang'ono tsamba la 7-8th.	Masiku oyamba atatu atabzala kuzungulira wotchi, ndiye kuti maola 14 patsiku, atapezeka masamba atatu enieni - maola 10
Biringanya	Zaka khumi ndi zitatu za Marichi	Mwachindunji kulekanitsa zotengera	Masiku oyamba ndikumera kwa maola 16, pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa masamba 2 - maola 10.
Mavwende	theka lachiwiri la Epulo	Mumbale kapena m'matumba a peat	Masiku oyambilira atatu atabzala nthawi yonseyo, ndiye kuti maola 12-14 patsiku
Kabichi yoyera	kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena 1 mwezi wa Epulo	Pitani molunjika kugalasi lalitali	Sabata yoyamba ndi maola 14-16, kenako maola 12-14.