Kubzala wakuda elderberry pachiwembu ndi njere kapena kudula

Pali mitundu 20 ya elderberry, yosiyana kukula, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka masamba, zipatso. Kubzala mabulosi akuda nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi cholinga chokongoletsa. Chikhalidwe ichi chimatha kupezeka mwachilengedwe cha kutentha kotentha. Chitsamba chokongoletsedwa bwino chimasangalatsa diso ndi nthambi zambiri, zazikuluzikulu masamba, imaphuka bwino komanso bwino. Tchire la elderberry ndilothandiza kubzala m'mundamo kapena kumayiko ena, fungo lomwe limapezeka chifukwa chake limasokoneza makoswe ndi tizirombo touluka. Masango akuluakulu a blackberryberry amawoneka owala komanso osazolowereka pakupanga mawonekedwe. Zipatso zakupsa zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kwa anthu ambiri, amapanga kupanikizana, timadziti, timadziti, timapanga vinyo, timadya zakudya zatsopano komanso zowuma.

Kulongosola Kwachikhalidwe

Black elderberry ndi wa banja la adox, wachibale wake wapafupi kwambiri ndi viburnum. Shrub ndi yaying'ono kukula, imakula mwachangu, kutalika kwakukulu kungakhale 8-10 mamita. Maluwa ndi abwino kwambiri, imagwera nthawi yamasika - chiyambi cha chilimwe. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa mu inflorescence, mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala woyera, kirimu kapena chikasu. Zipatso ndizochepa, pali zambiri, mtundu wa zipatso ndi wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira, mkati mwake muli mbewu 2 kapena 4. Zokolola zitha kukololedwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kugwa koyambirira.

Oldberry amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha zopindulitsa komanso mankhwala; mankhwalawa wowerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mizu, masamba, maluwa, zipatso.

M'magawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu pamakhala zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Zina mwa izo ndi tannins ndi tarry zinthu, mafuta ofunika, organic acid, mavitamini, dzuwa, carotene. Kwa ogulitsa zakudya, utoto wachilengedwe - anthocyanins, omwe ali m'gulu la zipatso za elderberry, ndiwofunika kwambiri.

Kusankha kwampando

Oldberry ndi odzichepetsa, woleketsa chilala, koma amakonda chinyezi ndi kuwala. Shrub imakulanso chimodzimodzi m'minda, nyumba zamkati, mkati mwa mzindawu. M'malo amdima, chomera chimataya chidwi chake - nthambi zimathamanga kuti zikulire, masamba ake amayamba kufota. Chitsamba cha Oldberry chimakhala pafupi ndi zipatso, zokongoletsera, maluwa, ngati saponyera mthunzi. Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa chitsamba imayenera kusankhidwa ndi malo acidic pang'ono. Kuchepetsa acidity, laimu, ufa wa dolomite ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika musanabzale dothi.

Kubzala mkulu wa mabulosi

Wokalamba amabzala wakuda mchaka. Chomera chokonzedwa chingabzalidwe pamalo owoneka bwino masamba atayamba kugwa. Ndikwabwino kuyambiranso kutentha. M'masiku oyambilira, kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku ndikulimbikitsa kawirikawiri kumalimbikitsidwa.

Maluwa achichepere otuwa nthawi zambiri amayamba mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo.

Kubzala moyenera mabulosi akuda:

• patatsala mwezi umodzi kuti mubzale, muyenera kuyeretsa malo osankhidwa ndi udzu, kuwonjezera feteleza wa potaziyamu, phokoso kapena manyowa;
• mbande ziwiri kapena zitatu zakubadwa ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yokwaniritsira mbewu;
• dzenje lakuzungunulira pansi kukumba kwakuya mita, pansi pansi ndikumasulidwa, ndikuwonjezera theka la ndowa;
• Finyani mmera wokonzeka ndi dothi lokhathamiriridwa ndikuchepetsa, ndikusunthira panthaka ndi manja anu;
• imazama kotero kuti khosi loyambira limakhala pamwamba pamtunda wa dziko lapansi mwaulere;
• kuthirira chomera chatsopano kumachitika bwino m'maola ochepa, nthaka ikakhala pang'ono;
• ngati mbande yachepa, ndiye kuti yasiyidwa yaulere, ngati yayitali, ndiye kuti imayenera kumangirizidwa ndi msomali.

Malamulo a Kusamalira Akulu

Kubzala ndi kusamalira mabulosi akuda sikovuta kwambiri, chachikulu ndichakuti mbewuyo ili ndi kuwala komanso chinyezi chokwanira, sichitha udzu womera. Mabasi amakula msanga, popanda thandizo. Ngati izi sizili bwino, ndiye ngakhale mutabzala, muyenera kuchepetsa bowo ndi chitsulo, slate kapena mauna omanga.

Yankho la urea limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wa nayitrogeni mutabzala wakuda elderberry, komanso ngati fangayi kuti muteteze mbewu ku tizirombo, kuwononga tizilombo tosafunikira, fumbi, nkhungu pamtunda wapamwamba wa dothi, muzu.

Malamulo ndi mawonekedwe osamalira Blackberryberry wakuda:

• kasupe, kuti apewe kuwotcha, nthambi zikuluzikulu ndi nthambi za mafupa zimapakidwa utoto;
• Ngati nthawi yozizira itakhala kuti nthambi zina zidasweka kapena zouma, ndiye kuti zidula, malo odulidwawo akuyenera kusamalidwa ndi mitundu yaminda;
• kawiri pachaka (bwino mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira), feteleza owuma amamwazikana kuzungulira thunthu, kutsirira kumachitika ndi madzi amomwe amapangira zakudya komanso kakulidwe kazomera;
• zophatikiza zokulira ndi zowonjezera mchere zimafunikira zitsamba zofooka, zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono;
• nyengo yofunda ikayamba (mkatikati mwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni), shrub iyenera kutetezedwa ku tizilombo toononga;
• tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita kudulira kwa tchire musanafike mtundu - mu June kapena Julayi;
• kuthirira tchire kumachitika pofunika kutero, pomwe muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madziwo samayenda munthaka;
• kusunga chinyezi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthaka m'nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito matchuni, utuchi, peat;
• ndikofunika kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi, kuchotsa udzu, ndikuwonjezera feteleza organic - kompositi, urea, manyowa, ndowe za nkhuku;
• kumapeto kwa maluwa, fungicides imabwezeredwa kuchokera kuzilombo zoyipa, powdery mildew, ndi nkhupakupa.

Oldberry amayankha bwino kutulira. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mutha kudula mphukira pafupi pansi, ndiye kuti kukula kwamera kumatha, chomerachi chidzachira msanga komanso bwino.

Kupititsa Kukalamba Kwamasamba

Oldberry amafalitsidwa ndi kudula kwakuda. Njira yamasamba imawonedwa kuti ndi yachangu kwambiri komanso yodalirika, yosunga mawonekedwe amtunduwu. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zokulirapo, ma rhizomes, mbali zina za chomera.

Momwe mungafalitsire elderberry wakuda:

• mu June kapena Julayi, maluwa asanadutse, mphukira zingapo ziyenera kudulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, kutalika kwake ndi 10-12 cm;
• zofunikira kwambiri pakubala ndi mphukira zobiriwira za chaka choyamba cha moyo;
• pamadongosolo okonzedwa, ma sheet a 1-2 ayenera kusiyidwa, ena onse adulidwe;
• kudula kumasungidwa mpaka kubzala mumchenga wosakaniza ndi peat muyezo wa 1: 1.

Kuti imathandizire kuzika mizu ya kudula mutabzala, ikhoza kuvekedwa ndi kanema. Mlengalenga momwe mumakhala chinyezi chambiri chimapangidwa pansi pa filimuyo, zomwe zimakhudza bwino dongosolo la mizu. Maenje akuyenera kuti apangidwire kuti mpweya wabwino uzilowera mufilimuyi. Pakatha sabata, kanemayo amachotsedwa. Poyamba, kuthirira kambiri komanso pafupipafupi kumalimbikitsidwa. Pakatha theka mpaka miyezi iwiri, mbewuyo imadzilamulira yokha.

Ambiri mwa opulumuka (mgawo la 95-98%) amawonetsa tsinde nthambi zamtundu wakale wakuda.

Momwe kukula wakuda m'dziko muno:

• pakufalitsa poyala, mphukira zazing'ono zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zaka zake ndi ziwiri kapena zitatu;
• gawo la mphukirolo limayikidwa m'manda, m'miyeso kuchokera pamwamba ndi utuchi kapena manyowa akale;
• gawo lokhalo lakumapeto lokhalokha ndi laulere, pafupifupi 20-30 cm;
• ngati mupangitsa kutsogola kwa elderberry koyambirira kwa chilimwe, ndiye pofika nthawi yophukira mphukira idzazika mizu;
• nyengo yachisanu, chomeracho chimasiyidwa bwino ngati mawonekedwe osadulidwa;
• Chilimwe chotsatira, kuthawa kwamizu kumatha kukumbidwa ndikugawilidwira kumalo ena.

Kugawika kwa shrub m'magawo kuti kubereka kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi yophukira. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani wamkulu chomera, makamaka chitsamba chachikulu. Gawo lolekanitsidwa ndi elderberry litha kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'malo okhazikika, kapena kuwokedwa mchidebe kwakanthawi. Potseguka panthaka pobzala, chomera chimadzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Mutha kubzala tchire mwanjira imeneyi kamodzi kokha pachaka kuti mukhalebe bwino.

Kubelera kwa Elderberry

Nyemba za mabulosi akuda zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. Poterepa, mawonekedwe amitundu azikhalidwe atha kutayika moyenera. Ubwino ndikuti njira yodalitsira imakupatsani mwayi wambiri kuti muthe kubzala mbande zambiri zakuda zakuda, zokonzekera kubzala.

Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, nthangala za elderberry zimagawidwa ndi mbalame ndi nyama zomwe zimadya zipatsozo ndikudzibisa kuti zizitha kupanga chilengedwe. Kudutsa m'mimba mwa chamoyo, chovala mbewu chimawonongeka pang'ono, chomwe chimapangitsa kumera kwake poyera. Kukwatitsidwa kwa nthangala zakuda ndi njira imodzi yophwanya umphumphu wa chovala cha mbewu kuti zikuze kumera.

Pamalonda, popanga zinthu, mankhwala a mbewu ndi sulfure acid amachitika, akupera ndi mchenga wopaka bwino kumachitika. Mbewu zokonzeka zimafesedwa munthaka ndipo zimadikira kumera. Zomera zimakhala zochuluka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimathiriridwa, kuphatikiza, ndipo m'nyengo yachisanu nthawi zonse zimakhala pobisalira. Tikugulitsa panja kumachitika patatha pafupifupi chaka.

Kudulira koyenera baka

Kudulira kwaukhondo kwa zipatso kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira. Pakatha zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, nthambi zazikulu za chitsamba zimadulidwa pafupifupi mpaka pansi. Zitatha izi, chomeracho chimabwezeretsedwa mwachangu, m'malo mwa nthambi zodulidwa, mphukira zatsopano zimakula msanga.

Momwe mungadulire bwino elderberry molondola:

1. Chapakatikati, kudulira mwaukhondo nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi kuchotsa kwa mphukira zosweka ndi zowuma.
2. M'nyengo yozizira, elderberry amatha kuundana kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti azidulira chitsamba pansi pazu.
3. Kamodzi pazaka 4-5, tikulimbikitsidwa kudula nthambi zazikulu za elderberry, ndikusiya kotala yokha.
4. Kudulira ndikofunika makamaka kwa tchire labala akuluakulu, chomera chimabwezeretseka mwachangu, ndikusinthidwa mwachilengedwe.

Matenda a Oldberry ndi Tizilombo

Mitundu yonse ya elderberry imakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi, imatulutsa zinthu zapadera mu chilengedwe. Izi zimathandizira kuti zisawonongeke ndi makoswe ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono pamtengowo, komanso paminda yomwe ili pafupi nayo. Shrub imadziwika ndi mphamvu komanso kupirira, ndizosowa kwambiri. Imayenderana mosavuta ndi zikhalidwe zosiyana kwambiri, zoyandikana ndi conifers ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino. Popewa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, timalimbikitsidwa kupopera mankhwala ndi tizirombo tina. Nthawi yabwino yodziteteza ku matenda a shrub kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, maluwa atamaliza. Pa izi, yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate, kalbofos angagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kubzala wakuda mabulosi akuluakulu kumakongoletsa chiwembu chanu, kumapereka zipatso ndi zipatso za chomera chofunikira kwambiri. Kukula ndi kusamalira shrub ndikosavuta, kubereka kumachitika m'njira zingapo, kotero mutha kusankha yoyenera kwambiri. Zodzikongoletsera ndi ma infusions a elderberry amathandiza anthu kuthana ndi matenda ambiri.