Mosiyana ndi mbewu zambiri za tuber ndi babu zomwe zimamera popanda kusiya, gladiolus siosangalatsa. Oimira okongola awa a banja la Iris, omwe asintha posachedwa monga chomera chosapanda chiyembekezo, amagonjetsa ndi inflorescence yayitali ndipo amafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika. Koma zoyesayesa zonse zopangidwa kupatsa gladioli ndi kuthilira kofunikira ndi kuvala pamwamba ndizolipira kwathunthu ndi kukongola kwamaluwa, osasunthika, okongola komanso osadziwa mpikisano mu theka lachiwiri la nyengo.
Gladioli.
Kukula kwakunja kwa gladioli
Kuthirira osachedwa
Gladioli imatulutsa ma inflorescence akuluakulu komanso othinana modabwitsa, koma samapanga mizu yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imatha kupereka chinyezi kuchokera pansi. Ndi chifukwa chake, mosiyana ndi mababu ena ambiri, ma gladiolus amafunika kuthirira. Ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachilengedwe, kumachitika nthawi yachilala sabata kapena kamodzi masiku 10 aliwonse.
Kuti gladioluses iphulike utoto ndi kuchulukana, imafunikira chinyezi chadothi chotalika pafupifupi 30 mpaka 30 cm, pomwe pamizu yambiri yazomera izi. Pamwamba kuthirira kwa gladioli sikuyenera kwenikweni, chifukwa sikungachititse kuti namsongole azikula, komanso kungawononge minyewa ya mizu yomwe. Chomera ichi, chimawerengedwa ngati madzi oyenerera kuchuluka kwa 1-1,5 zidebe za madzi pa mita imodzi ya nthaka pansi.
Gladioli amadzidulira osati mwachindunji kumamphukira ndi masamba, koma pamiyala kapena ma kanjira (amakhala bwino pasadakhale, podzala, kugona mpaka masentimita 3-5 makamaka pakuthirira). Madzi potsatira njirayi sayenera kugwa pamasamba a chomera, ndikuthirira mashopuwo bwino kwambiri kupewa ngozi yakufalikira.
Gladioli.
Kumasulira nthaka nthawi zonse
Njira iliyonse yothirira ikuyenera kutha ndikumasulira dothi, lomwe silimalola kutumphuka kupanga ndipo lidzasunga mpweya wabwino wa gawo lapansi, kugawa chinyezi pakatikati pa dothi. Mukamasula, mbewuzo zimakutidwa pang'ono ndi dothi ndikuonetsetsa kuti zibwezeretsanso matayala (mozama mpaka nthawi yobzala - kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 cm). Kutsegula kumachitika pambuyo pakagwa mvula yambiri, komanso ndi chisamaliro choyenera - pafupipafupi, ndi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi m'masiku 10. Njira yokhayo yopewera njira yowononga nthawi ndikupanga mulching wosanjikiza.
Samalirani mulch
Kulowetsa koyambirira kwamasamba otukula chomera kuteteza gladioli kuti isawonongedwe ndi nyengo, kuthetsa kufunika kwa kumasula mpaka katatu pamwezi, komanso kusungitsa chinyezi m'nthaka, kupewa kuti namsongole asatulutse. Njira yabwino ndiyo kupanga mulching wosanjikizana wa humus, peat, kompositi, singano za paini, udzu kapena udzu utangotulutsa masamba a gladioli kufikira kutalika kwa 10 cm.
Musaiwale za kulimira
Mosiyana ndi ulimi wothirira, kudulira gladioli kumachitika kokha katatu kapena kanayi nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri ngakhale kangapo. Ngati dothi limasulidwa nthawi zonse kapena mulching ikuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yosamalira mbewuzi, ndiye kuti imathandizira kupewa kufalikira kwa namsongole ndipo itha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa namsongole wachikhalidwe chochepa. Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira gladioli ndikuchotsa namsongole wachinyamata munthawi yake, kuwaletsa kukulitsa ndi kufalikira kukula kwa mababuwo. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe nthawi yosamalira bwino molingana ndi malamulo onse, simungathe kukhala ndi nthawi yopitilira gladioli ndikumachita mulching ndi kumasuka, musalole kuti namsongole musadzaze madera akutali maluwa - ndiosavuta kuzimitsa, gladioli sakonda olimbana nawo. Komanso kufalitsa namsongole kudzachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, kutetezedwa kwa zovuta ndi mbozi, zomwe zitha kufikira masamba abwino a mbewuyi.
Gladioli.
Chovuta kwambiri posamalira gladioli ndi zakudya
Kuvala kwapamwamba ndiye chinsinsi cha chipambano pakukula kwa mbewu izi. Pa zifukwa zomwezi zomwe gladioli imalephera kuyilimira pachokha kwa nthawi yayitali ndikufunika kuthirira mwadongosolo, zimadaliranso pakuwonjezeranso michere m'nthaka. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zina zambiri zam'munda, chifukwa cha gladioli palibe njira zophweka zamagetsi. Dongosolo la feteleza la gladioli liyenera kufananizidwa ndi magawo a chitukuko, chifukwa popanda kudyetsa chomera ndikosavuta kupita gawo lina ndikukula ndikukula bwino.
Chovala chapamwamba choyamba cha gladioli zimathandizira kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chawo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kukula kwa mphukira kuchokera ku tuber, mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a masamba komanso kuyikidwa kwa ma peduncles. Mu gawo loyambirira, gladioli ambiri amafunikira nayitrogeni, koma kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo, chifukwa chowonjezera ichi chimatha kuchepetsa maluwa. Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya nayitrogeni gladiolus imachotsedwa panthaka pakuwoneka tsamba loyambilira, koma kudyetsa bwino kumachitika pokhapokha tsamba la masamba atatu. Momwemo, ndi zofunika izi, kuvala koyambirira koyamba kumayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a feteleza wa nayitrogeni muyezo wofunikira kapena kusakanikirana kwathunthu kwa mchere wokhala ndi potaziyamu wochepa kumawonjezeredwa (25-30 g wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni 15 15 g wa potashi + 30-40 g wa superphosphate). Kusakaniza kwa mchere kungasinthidwe ndi kuphatikiza feteleza wachilengedwe, monga mullein kapena manyowa a nkhuku ndikuphatikiza ndi theka la superphosphate ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Ngati mwabzala mochedwa mitundu kapena mutabzala kumapeto kwa Meyi-Juni, ndibwino kuchedwetsa umuna wa nayitrogeni kufikira masamba 4 atawonekera, komanso nyengo yovuta kapena chinthu chachilengedwe m'nthaka, pangani feteleza woyamba mu June.
Masamba a 5-6 atawonekera pamtengowo, kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni mu gladioli pafupifupi kumayima, ndikupeza phosphorous ndikofunikira kwambiri maluwa ndi zipatso, makamaka isanayambe maluwa ndi gawo lonse lokonzekera maluwa. Kudya kwachiwiri iyeneranso kukhala ndi zinthu zitatu, koma mosiyana pazinthu. Pakadali pano, kwa gladioli pangani muyezo wa phosphorous-potaziyamu kapena 10-20 g wa nayitrogeni ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu ndi pafupifupi 20 g wa phosphate.
Asanayambe maluwa okha, nthawi yachitatu yayamba, pomwe gladioli imafunikira potaziyamu. Kudyetsa kwachitatu anali okha potaziyamu-phosphorous zosakaniza pa budding kapena kumayambiriro kwa kayendedwe peduncle, kupanga pafupifupi 30-40 g wa phosphate ndi 15-20 g wa potashi feteleza. Kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti, gladioluses sangathe kudyetsedwa.
Palinso ina Njira 6 zodyetsera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula gladioli:
- Pambuyo pa tsamba loyambirira lowona, gladioli imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu 25-30 g ndi kuwonjezera 20-25 g wa potashi pa 1 m2 wa nthaka.
- Mugawo la masamba 3-4, feteleza wa 10-20 g wa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu ndi 2 g wa boric acid amawonjezeredwa.
- Tsamba lachisanu ndi chimodzi litulutsidwa, 15 g ya nayitrogeni ndi 30 g wa feteleza wa potashi umayikidwa.
- Pa kuwoneka kwa peduncle ndi kuyamba maluwa, feteleza wathunthu wama mineral amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchuluka kwa 30 g.
- Pambuyo maluwa, 15 g wa phosphate ndi 30 g wa feteleza wa potashi umayikidwa.
- Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala, gladioli amathiriridwa ndi yankho la 5 g ya potaziyamu permanganate pa 10 l ya madzi.
Zindikirani: Ngati nkotheka kwa inu kuti musatsatire mbewu ndi magawo omwe amadutsamo, mutha kusintha feteleza wokhazikika ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi milingo yochepetsedwa, pamenepa, kuthira manyowa pakatha masabata awiri ndi atatu ndikugwiritsira ntchito feteleza waponseponse pakudutsa mbewu nthawi yothirira.
Feteleza kwa gladioli ndi koyenera kuyikidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, kuvala pamwamba pakatha sikungathandize. Ngati muli ndi nthawi yowonjezerapo, ndibwino kugawa muyezo wa feteleza ndi theka ndikutsatira mavalidwe awiri mkati mwa sabata iliyonse.
Kuphatikiza pa kuvala kwapabwinobwino, kuthamangitsira maluwa ndikusintha machitidwe okongoletsera, mpaka malaya atatu apamwamba atha kuvomerezedwa m'mapulogalamu onse a gladioli, makamaka pa nthawi yophukira, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamadzimadzi za potaziyamu permanganate, sulfate yamkuwa, boric acid kapena zosakaniza zapadera. Kuvala pamwamba mwapamwamba kumatha kuchitika madzulo okha kapena m'masiku amitambo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa moyenera momwe mungathere, kuyesa kuthira osakaniza m'njira kuti feteleza agwere mbali zonse ziwiri za masamba.
Gladioli mumachubu.
Kuwunikira kakang'ono ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu cha thanzi la gladioli
Muyenera kuwunika osati maudzu okha. Muziyang'anitsanso mbeu zanu zokha, osamalira masamba ndikuwona pang'ono madera osokosera. Ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda, kudodola, chikasu ndi kuyanika kunja, chotsani mbewu zomwe zadwala nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simukudziwa kuti akhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Malingaliro oterowo amayenera kukumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa, osadikirira kuti vutoli lifalikira kuzikhalidwe zoyandikana.
Garter kapena Hill
Ambiri a gladioli amafunikira thandizo lina, chifukwa maulendo awo amakhala aatali kwambiri komanso olemera, amakhala malo ogona. Pali njira ziwiri zothandizira gladioli:
- Garter. Kwa gladioli, mwanjira zambiri sikuti ndimathandizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma twine kapena twine woloweka mizere pakati pa mizati kapena mozungulira gulu la mbewu zomwe zimagwira miyendo.
- Hill. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, gladioluses amakumbidwa dothi mpaka kutalika pafupifupi 10 cm pamtunda wa 5 wa tsamba ili. Chifukwa cha kukomoka, nthaka pamwamba pa mizu imawotha bwino, mbewuyo imadyetsa mwachangu, mikhalidwe yokhazikika idzapangidwa kuti ikule mwachangu komanso kumasulidwa kwa ma peduncle amphamvu, omwe safunikira thandizo lina.
Gladioli.
Kudulira gladioli
Kudula kolondola kwa gladiolus inflorescences kumakhudza osati kukana kwawo, komanso mapangidwe a tuber. Kudula kwa mapesi a maluwa mu mbewuzi kuyenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena m'mawa kwambiri, pomwe mbewuzo sizisowa chinyezi ndipo sizivutika ndi kutentha.
Simuyenera kudikirira kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa maluwa onse pa inflorescence ndi kukongoletsa kwake kwakukulu: ndikofunikira kudula duwa la maluwa ngati maluwa amodzi atseguka kapena masamba awiri apansi adapakidwa utoto wokhala ndi mitundu ndipo ali wokonzeka kutseguka. Ma inflorescence amenewa amaphuka kwathunthu m'madzi, amatha kunyamulidwa bwino ndikuyimirira nthawi yayitali modabwitsa.
Kudula mapesi a maluwa a gladioli, kumbukirani kuti simuyenera kukhudza masamba ndikuwachotsa pamodzi ndi inflorescence. Zomerazo zokha ndi zomwe zimatha kukula ndikukula bwino, nyengo yotsatira, pomwe masamba osachepera 4 adasungidwa babu; Dulani inflorescence kokha ndi mpeni wakuthwa, pakona kotsika momwe mungathere pamwamba pa tsamba, koma osafunsa. Kuti mupeze kutalika kwa maluwa, simungathe kudula, koma ndikupotoza, kudula pang'ono kuchokera kumbali yotsala, kenako ndikuphwanya ndikuwombera mpirawo ndikumugwiriziza pang'ono pamwamba pa tsamba, ndikukupotoza mosamala.
Kuchepetsa musanasungidwe kumachitika pokhapokha kukumba. Ngakhale mutadula kale maluwa onse, musachotsepo chilichonse, chifukwa ndikofunikira kwambiri pakucha kwa bulb.
