Duwa lochititsa chidwi la violet ndi mitundu utatu, osati kutsidya lina, ilonso, limakula mosiyanasiyana komanso mapaipi oyenda mkatikati ndikuwonekera pang'onopang'ono ku Siberia. Mlendo ozindikira, akuyang'ana duwa, adamupatsa mayina ambiri achikondi. Pansies, Ivan da Marya, moths, maluwa-tri. Mitundu yaminda yobzalidwa imatchedwa Wittrock violets kapena Viols.
Zosiyanitsa za violet tricolor
Ngati chipale chofewa sichikhala ndi nthawi yosungunuka mchaka, ndipo masamba achiwongola kwambiri adawonekera pazowoneka bwino, ndiye kuti tili pakati pa Trans-Urals. Ku Central European Russia, violet ndi mbadwa zomwe zimakhala m'matanthwe ndi m'maenje, koma osati dothi louma.
Chomera chotsika mtengo chimakhala ndi masamba oyambira masamba osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse ndimatchinga. Phula limakwera pamwamba pamasamba, ndikuwonetsa maluwa ovuta, omwe akatswiri a sayansi amati "inflorescence" yosavuta. Nimbus ya pettle isanu imasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi mbale zamitundu. M'munsi, nthawi zambiri umakhala utatu, multicolor, mbali zimapakidwa utoto womwewo, wapamwamba, wamtambo kapena wamtali-awiri. Diso lochititsa chidwi kapena lachisoni likuwoneka bwino mkati mwake, kutengera momwe munthu wosinkhidwayo akumvera. Ngakhale cilia pa pamakhala amatha kuwoneka.
Gulu lagawoli limagawa trotolor ya violet m'magulu angapo:
- Mapulogalamu a Kurtis;
- subspecies ku Makedonia;
- subspecies m'mawa;
- Subalpine subspecies;
- subspecies tricolor.
Nthano zingapo ndi zikhulupiriro zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma pansies, momwe mumakhalanso atsikana okongola omwe adasandulika maluwa, ndikufanizira malingaliro okondedwa. Ngati m'malo ena duwa limakondedwa m'munda ndi maluwa, m'malo ena unkawonetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chisoni ndi chamuyaya, chokongoletsera manda.
Ngakhale zili choncho, zikumbutso zomvetsa chisoni tsopano zasintha kukhala zokongola kwambiri kuyitanitsa munda wamiyala, pa khonde, pa kama wamaluwa. Kusankhidwa kwachoka pachitsamba chosawoneka bwino, chomwe chimatayidwa ngati udzu, kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi miyala yayikulu ikukwera masamba osasangalatsa. Chithunzi cha tricolor violet chimangotsimikizira mwayi wosankhidwa.
Kusamalira ndi kuswana kwa ma pansies
Mwachilengedwe, tricolor violet imafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi kuchuluka kwa tchire. Mu chikhalidwe, kufalitsa mbewu ndikotheka, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma makamaka ma hybrids ofunikira amatulutsa mphamvu za chitsamba chokha pokhapokha ngati zidutswa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchokera pa chomera chimodzi cha amayi, mutha kukonzekera mpaka makope 40 atsopano.
Kutengera ntchitoyo, mutha kupeza:
- tchire loyambirira;
- funde lachiwiri;
- kutalika kotalika kutalika kwa chilimwe.
Zimatengera chisamaliro cha ma violets ndi kapangidwe kazomera zazomera, zomwe mwina masiku 70 ayenera kudutsa maluwa oyamba asanatuluke. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chamaluwa koyambirira kwa chilimwe, ndikofunikira kusamalira nyengo yapita, kubzala mbewu ndikusiya mbewu zazing'ono pofika nthawi yophukira, kuti nthawi yachisanu imaphuke ndi kuyamba. Koma pambuyo pake adzayenera kusinthidwa, chifukwa ma pansies amatulutsa kamodzi pachaka. Akonzeka kale kuchotsa mbande zomwe zakula mnyumba kapena potentha. Kuyika ma violets okhwima m'magalasi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yobwezeretserani bedi la maluwa.
Ndibwino kuti mukubowola tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kukonza mu malo osawoneka bwino, pezani mbewu kwa iwo ndikubzala, chaka chamawa. Ngakhale ma ratchte samakhala olimba, amawotchera bwino pamtunda wa nthambi ndi zokongoletsera zakumaso kuti athe kupuma.
Njira yodziwika bwino yokhudza kubereketsa njere. Mu chidebe chosaya, chosakanizika ndi dimba lanyengo yam'munda ndi peat m'njira zofanana, mbewu zimayikidwa pansi, zomwe zimakonkhedwa ndi chipale pamwamba. Kubzala kumachitika mu February, koyambirira kwa Marichi. Matalala osungunula amatenga mbewu zazingwe mpaka pakuzama. Ziwawa zimamera msanga, m'masiku 10-12 zimasuluka pamiyala ndikuyatsa. Pamalo abwino, mbande sizitambasuka, mizu iyamba kugwira ntchito. Muyenera kupeza malo kuti mizu ikhale yotentha ndipo mpweya umawotha mpaka 15.
Pakubwera kwa timapepala totsimikizika, mbewu zimagwidwa m'makapu ndikukula mpaka nthawi yobzala mu nthaka. Ziwawa zimakhala zamitundu itatu, zimatha kumera panthaka yosauka komanso pamtunda wochepa. Koma pamtunda wachonde wa humus, maluwawo amawala bwino komanso amakula, amakula motalika. Pamalo poyera dzuwa, maluwa amakhala owala, koma mwachangu amazirala.
Mutha kubzala mbewu zamtunduwu m'minda yanu. Zophatikiza zimadziwitsidwa mwamafuta kapena nthawi iliyonse ikagula mbewu m'masitolo apadera.
Pofuna kufalitsa nyanjayi ndi zodula, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ziwiri kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Pansi pa mtengo wamtambo, amakonza malo a mwana waukhondo, akubzala chinsalu chakuya masentimita 1. Ayenera kuzika mizu m'malo otentha kwambiri, choncho kubzala masiku angapo, kuphimba ndi ma geotextiles kuti pakhale kusinthana kwa mpweya.
Utsi, madzi. Kupalira kumachitika pafupipafupi, koma patatha mwezi umodzi kudula kumazika mizu ndipo amathanso kuwaika ndi ma violets pamalo osatha okhala ndi nthawi yozizira, koma ndibwino kusiya kompuyo mpaka kumapeto. Chifukwa chake, kudzakhala kosavuta kuwapulumutsa m'nyengo yozizira.
Machiritso a tricolor violets
Mphamvu yakuchiritsa ya tricolor violets idadziwika kalekale. Kukololedwa pa maluwa. Gawo lonse lobiriwira la mbewu limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga kukonzekera kwazitsamba zonse, nyanjayo imaphimbidwa mumthunzi mumango mpweya wabwino. Nthawi yamvula, mutha kukonza udzu wokhala ndi chipinda chofewa. Zinthu zouma zimakhala pansi ndipo zimasungidwa mumtsuko wamagalasi pansi pagalasi kapena chivindikiro chachitsulo kwa zaka ziwiri. Pamankhwala, violet ungagulidwe payokha kapena mankhwala azitsamba.
Mphamvu yakuchiritsa ya tricolor violets imakhalapo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwamafuta ofunikira, ma polysaccharides, saponins ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito pakapangidwe. Kuphatikizika kwachilengedwe kwa chomera kumapangitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zosonkhanitsira nthawi zambiri:
- mankhwalawa chimfine, kutsokomola kwa nthawi yayitali;
- chifukwa cha anti-kutupa;
- ndi matenda apakhungu.
Mndandanda wamatenda akalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito infusions, decoctions komanso ma tetcture a violets ndi akulu, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamankhwala amunthu aliyense payekha. Popanda chidziwitso choyenera, upangiri waukadaulo, kudzipereka nokha mosadziletsa kumatha kukhala koopsa. Chomerachi chili ndi zotsutsana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito.
