Katsabola

Kapangidwe ka masamba obiriwira pachaka (Anethum) ndi gawo la mtundu wina wa banja la Umbrella. Mitundu iyi imayimiriridwa ndi katsabola wa m'munda, kapena fungo labwino. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, chomera chotere chimapezeka kum'mwera chakumadzulo kapena m'chigawo chapakati cha Asia, kumpoto kwa Africa komanso ku Himalayas. Ndipo mtunduwu umalimidwa m'maiko onse. Kale ku Egypt wakale, munthu amadziwa za kukhalamo kwa katsabola, komabe, mbewu yotereyi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira ku maiko aku Europe kokha m'zaka za zana la 16. Mpaka pano, mbewu iyi, yodziwika ndi kusachita bwino komanso kukana chisanu, ikufunika kwambiri pa zamankhwala komanso kuphika.

Kufotokozera mwachidule kukula

1. Tikufika. Kubzala mbewu za katsabola panthaka ndikofunikira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndiye kufesedwa masiku 15 alionse. Ngati katsabola wakula m'nyumba, mutha kufesa nthawi iliyonse. Mbewu zodzala zitsamba zimabzalidwa mbande m'mwezi wa Marichi, ndikuziika munthaka patatha masabata 4 ndi pang'ono.
2. Kuwala. Malo okhala ndi mthunzi kapena dzuwa.
3. Dothi. Wophatikiza bwino nthaka yosaloledwa.
4. Kuthirira. Ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi kawiri kawiri, pamasiku otentha kawiri pa tsiku, pomwe zidebe za 2-3 zimatengedwa pamtunda wa mita imodzi ya tsambalo.
5. Feteleza. Ngati katsabola wakula m'nthaka isanakhale chonde, safunika kudyetsedwa. Z feteleza zokhala ndi nayitrogeni ziyenera kuyambitsidwa mu dothi lotha ntchito chifukwa cha izi, kulowetsedwa kwa nettle kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
6. Kuswana. Njira yopanga (mbewu).
7. Tizilombo zovulaza. Ma umbrella akhungu, nsikidzi zaku Italiya (nsapato zazingwe), masamba a karoti amatuluka ndi ntchentche, vwende, msuzi wa karoti ndi nsabwe za karoti.
8. Matenda. Blackleg, powdery mildew, fusarium, fomosis, cercosporosis ndi dzimbiri.

Mawonekedwe a katsabola

Katsabola ndi mbewu yobiriwira yokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lamanunkhira. Kutalika kwa phesi limodzi lolunjika kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0.4 mpaka 1.5 m, mawonekedwe ake obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ochepa mphamvu. Mawonekedwe a masamba ndi ovoid, iwo amadzidanitsa magawo atatu kapena anayi, magawo a dongosolo lotsiriza lolozera kapena mawonekedwe a bristle. Maambulera, mainchesi omwe amafikira 20-90 mm, amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu, ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa m'mambule inflorescence okhala ndi mainchesi 15-20 cm. Mwana wosabadwayo ndi ovule. Mtundu wa mbewuyo ndi ovoid kapena wotalika kwambiri, ali ndi kutalika kwa 0,5 masentimita ndi makulidwe ofika mpaka 0,35.Maluwa amayamba mu Juni kapena Julayi, ndipo zipatso zimacha kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembara.

Kubzala katsabola

Nthawi yofesa

Nthawi yoyamba kubzala mbewu panthaka yofunikira ndikutheka kwa nthawi ya masika. Kuti amadyera obiriwira akhale patebulopo masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, alimi nthawi zambiri amatengera njira yofesa, ndipo mbewu zimafunikira kufesedwa kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 10 mpaka 10 kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka masiku omaliza a Ogasiti.

Ngati bizinesi ya katsabola ikukonzekera kuphukira, ndiye kuti kukonzekera malowa kuyenera kutengedwapo. Komabe, feteleza wachilengedwe (manyowa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pansi pa omwe adalipo kale patsabola, osati pansi pa mbewuyi. Nthawi yomweyo, oyambitsa kwambiri buluzi ndi ma beets, nyemba, kabichi ndi nkhaka. Madera omwe nthumwi za banja la Umbrella m'mbuyomu adalima (parsley, fennel, kaloti, mbewu za caraway ndi ma penips) sizoyenera kukula katsabola. Chikhalidwe ichi sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti chikule pafupi ndi parsley kapena kaloti. Ndikofunika kukulira adyo ndi katsabola pafupi. Komanso katsabola amakula bwino pafupi ndi mbatata.

Kumayambiriro kwa kasika, asanadzafese mbewu, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndi peyala, pomwe magalamu 15-20 a mchere wa potaziyamu, kuchuluka komweko kwa urea ndi 20-30 magalamu a superphosphate pa mita imodzi ya mraba akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kwa iyo.

Kubzala malamulo

Mbewu zimafunikira kukonzekera kusanadze, chifukwa zimafunikira kudzazidwa ndi madzi kwa maola 3-4, munthawi yomwe ikufunika kuisinthidwa kangapo, izi zimachotsa zinthu mu mbewu zomwe zimathandizira kuti zimere. Kenako mbewu imasungidwa kwa maola angapo mu njira yamphamvu ya potaziyamu. Pambuyo pake, iyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi kupukutidwa. Kenako njere zimabzalidwa m'mizere, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala 20 mm, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Gawani nthangala mu poyambira kuti mtunda pakati pawo kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 20 mm, ndiye kuti mbewu zimafunika kukonzedwa, ndipo dimba liyenera kuthiriridwa.

Kumera kwa mbeu kumawonedwa ndikutentha madigiri 5, kuti mbande zizioneka posachedwa, pamwamba pamalowo paziphimbidwa ndi agrospan. Mphukira zoyambirira zimayenera kuwonekera patatha masiku 7-14.

Kukula katsabola pawindo

Kufesa

Kodi kubzala katsabola mu chipinda zinthu? Poterepa, mutha kubzala katsabola nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Koma ngati mukufuna zitsamba zatsopano zonunkhira kuti zizikhala nthawi yozizira, ndiye muyenera kudziwa mitundu yomwe muyenera kufesa. Paulimi wamkati, zipatso zamtundu woyambira wotchedwa Grenadier, Gribovsky ndi Richelieu ndizoyenera kwambiri.

Mbewu zimafunanso kukonzekera koyambirira monga kufesa panthaka. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa mu gawo lapansi ndi 10-20 mm, ndipo pakufesa, mumakhala zida zazikulu, pomwe pansi pake pamapangidwa dothi, ndipo pamwamba pake imakutidwa ndi dothi losungunuka, lomwe limakhala ndi coconut fiber ndi biohumus (2: 1). Kenako chimbacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapenagalasi, kenako chimachotsedwa pamalo amdima. Mbewu zimayenera kuperekedwa ndi mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse, ndipo condensate iyenera kuchotsedwa munyumba yake munthawi yake. Mbande zoyambirira ziyenera kuonekera pambuyo pa masiku 15. Izi zikachitika, pobisalira chimachotsedwa, ndipo chiwiya chimakonzedwanso m'malo abwino.

Malamulo osamalira m'nyumba

Mbewu zanthete ziyenera kudulilidwa, chifukwa mbewuyi imakumana ndi mavuto osaneneka pakumata. Ndibwino kuti pakati pa mbewuzo pali mtunda wa 20 mpaka 30 mm. Chipindacho chizikhala chozizira, monga kutentha kutentha kwa mbande kungatambasule. Mbewu zikaonekera, kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madigiri awiri kwa masiku 7. Kuti izi zitheke, mbande zitha kusamutsidwira kukhonde. Pakadutsa masiku 7, kutentha kuyenera kukwezedwa mpaka madigiri 15-18. Kutentha ndi mulingo woyenera kukula katsabola. Panthawi yomwe usiku ndiwotalikirapo kuposa masiku, chomerachi chomwe chimamera pawindo chimafunika kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Kuti muchite izi, nyali ya fluorescent yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 40-80 W imayikidwa pamwamba pa chidebe ndi katsabola patali pafupifupi mamitala 0.6. M'pofunika kuwunikira mbande m'mawa kwambiri kwa maola 5-6.

Momwe mungamwere

Popeza chikhalidwechi chimasokoneza kwambiri chlorine, madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 24 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira, ayenera kukhala otentha kwambiri kapena otentha pang'ono. Koma ndibwino kuthirira mbewuyo ndi madzi omwe akudutsa kudzera mu maginito kapena kusungunuka. Dziwani kuti gawo lapansi mumtsuko liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lonyowa pang'ono. Madzi sayenera kuloledwa kulowa mu dothi losakanikirana, chifukwa mwendo wakuda umatha kukula chifukwa cha izi. Chomera chomwe chimalidwa mchipinda chiyenera kumanyowa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku sprayer, makamaka ngati chidebe chokhala ndi katsabola chili pafupi ndi chotenthetsera.

Feteleza

Mavalidwe apamwamba am'mimba amachitika kamodzi sabata iliyonse, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yothira feteleza wama mineral (mwachitsanzo, Rainbow kapena Ideal) mundende yofooka. Kumbukirani kuti ngati muwonjezera feteleza wambiri ndi gawo laling'ono, ndiye kuti katsabola wina wamwalira. Musanayambe kuvala, mmera umathiriridwa, ndikatha kupemphedwa kuti muziwaze ndi madzi oyera, izi zimapewa kuwoneka ngati kuwotcha pamapale a tsamba. Komanso, kuphatikiza katsabola, kuphatikiza manyowa mutha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, komabe, munjira iyi, kuyika kwa michere kumayenera kukhala kovuta kwambiri.

Kulima katsabola wakunja

Momwe kubzala mbeu za dill panthaka akufotokozedwa mwambiri pamwambapa. Mu gawo lino, tikambirana za momwe mungabzalire bwino mbande za chomera choperekedwa pakama. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti mitundu yobzala zitsamba ithaulidwe kokha kudzera mbande, njirayi imakupatsaninso mbewu yabwino.

Kubzala mbewu za mbande kumachitika mu Marichi, ziyenera kubzulidwa pawindo kapena potentha. Pambuyo pa masabata 4-5, malaya amawaika pansi panthaka, pomwe amayenera kupanga kuchokera pa masamba atatu mpaka asanu. Kubzala kumachitika tsiku lamitambo kapena madzulo, monga kuwala kwadzuwa kolunjika kumatha kuvulaza mbande. Pofuna kuti muchepetse kutsabola, mutabzala pakati pa tchire, mtunda woyambira 0,3 mpaka 0,3 uyenera kuonedwa, pomwe mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala wofanana. Zoyesedwazo zikafesedwa, dothi siliyenera kukumbukiridwa bwino, ndipo dimba liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi, pambuyo pake nthaka yake itakwiriridwa ndi dothi louma. Mbande zobzalidwa kwa masiku angapo zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizitetezedwa ku dzuwa.

Mapangidwe ophukira okhala ndi maluwa atayamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwachotsa, chifukwa cha izi padzakhala kukula kwa nthambi zammbali.

Malamulo Osamalira

Kukula chikhalidwe chotere m'nthaka yosavuta ndikosavuta. Kuti tichite izi, ndikokwanira kuthirira, kudyetsa, kuchotsa udzu ndi kuwonda malo ogulitsira munthawi yake, komanso kumasula pansipo pamunda. Nthaka pamalopo imayenera kumasulidwa ndikuya masentimita asanu, ndipo amachita izi nthawi yomweyo mbande zikazikika kwathunthu. Kutsegulanso kwina kumachitika ndikutalika kwa masiku 15, kumachita mvula ikagwa kapena kuthirira, ndikumasulira dothi lakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 12.

Ngakhale mbewu zazing'ono ndizofunikira kwambiri nthawi kuti muchotse udzu pamabedi. Tchire zikamera ndikulimba, udzu udzu sutha kubvulaza.

Momwe mungamwere

Kutsirira katsabola kuyenera kukhala mwadongosolo komanso pafupipafupi, apo ayi tchire silimatha kukoma, limatembenuka chikasu, ndipo nthawi zina limataya mphamvu. Pa tsiku lotentha, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika 2 pa tsiku. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wotere, ndiye kuti ikani pulogalamu yothirira yokha. Pakathirira mita imodzi ya bedi, ndowa zitatu zamadzi amatengedwa.

Fennel Dill

Tchire timadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti amatha kudziunjikira nitrate, chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nettle kulowetsedwa thovu kwa masiku 5 ngati feteleza. Feteleza ngati uyu sangangokhutitsa mbewuyo ndi nayitrogeni, komanso kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira tizilomboti pakukonza katsabola, makamaka ngati masiku osakwana 15 atatsala pang'ono kututa.

Ngati ndi kotheka, ndiye kuti magalamu 10 mpaka 15 a feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous aikidwa pa 1 mita imodzi ya chiwembu.

Momwe angatolere nthangala za katsabola komanso nthawi

Mbewu zikauma, zimawoneka ngati ma disc a mtundu wa bulauni, ndipo zimatha kudzipatula mosavuta maambulera. Izi zikachitika, zimatha kusungidwa. Amakhala ndi mwayi kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Njere zikakololedwa, zimayenera kufalikira kuti ziume m'chipinda chotsekeramo bwino, chouma, chizikhala chouma kwathunthu.

Zomwe zimatha kubzalidwa pambuyo pa katsabola

Bedi lomwe katsabola adakulira ndi loyenerera kumera mbewu monga adyo, nandolo, tomato, anyezi, nyemba ndi mbatata. Tsambali silabwino kwa oyimilira omwe akukula a banja la Umbrella (Celery), chifukwa amagawana tizilombo komanso matenda oyipa. Patsamba lino, mbewu monga buluzi zimatha kufesedwa pokhapokha zaka 4 kapena 5.

Tizilombo ndi matenda a katsabola ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Matenda a Dill

Katsabola amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda, koma amathanso kuvutika, makamaka ngati sikakusamalidwa bwino kapena osatsatiridwa kumalamulo aukadaulo azikhalidwe zamtunduwu. Mabasi amatha kupeza powdery mildew, fomosis, dzimbiri, mwendo wakuda, fusarium kapena cercosporosis.

Mwendo wakuda

Mu tchire tating'onoting'ono ta odwala omwe ali ndi mwendo wakuda, khosi la mizu limakhudzidwa, chifukwa cha izi limayamba kufooka, kufewa, limakhala loonda komanso lozungulira. Zomera zimakula ndikuuma. Monga lamulo, amadwala chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chothirira kwambiri, mpweya wosasunthika, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, kusowa kwa kuwala kapena kukula m'malo otetezeka. Mukangowonetsa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, tchire liyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la Fundazole.

Powdery mildew

Powdery mildew imakhudza mbali zamtchire, pomwe kuyera kwoyera kumawonekera. Matendawa amakula kwambiri pamasiku otentha okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zifunikira chithandizo cha colloidal sulfure.

Peronosporosis

Chifukwa cha downy mildew (peronosporosis), malo obwera ndi chlorotic amawoneka m'malo a thengo, omwe pang'onopang'ono amasanduka bulauni, komanso mitundu yosiyaniratu yakuda yofiirira pamtunda wawo. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, tchire limathiridwa mankhwala ndi msanganizo wa Bordeaux osakaniza (1%) kapena mkuwa wa chloroxide (40 magalamu pa ndowa 1).

Fomoz

Luposis ikawonongeka, mawanga a bulauni amapangika pa mphukira, masamba ndi inflorescence, ndipo mizu imakhalanso ndi vutoli, pamwamba pomwe mikwingwirima yakuda imawoneka, yomwe imakhazikitsidwa m'mizere. Popewa, musanafesere, ndikofunikira kutentha mbewu kwa mphindi 30. m'madzi otentha, pomwepo umamizidwa m'madzi ozizira, kenako ndikuwuma kuti ukhale wopanda pake. Tchire wodwala liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (1%). Ngati ndi kotheka, katsabola akhoza kutsanulira ndi osakaniza kangapo ndikupumula kwa masiku 10-12. Komabe, nthawi yomaliza tchire silikufunika kukonzedwa pasanathe theka la mwezi kuti akolole. Musanadye kapena kukonzanso katsabola kameneka, amadyera ayenera kutsukidwa bwino m'madzi.

Cercosporosis

Chomera chikadwala ndi cercosporosis, mawanga auvezi achikasu amtunduwu amawonekera pamaso a inflorescence ndi mphukira, mpaka masentimita 0,6 kudutsa, pakati pakati pa matendawo, malo awo amakhala otumbululuka, pomwe m'mphepete mumakhala bulauni. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, pakalandira chithandizo ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofananirazo ndikumwaza zitsamba kuchokera ku saposis.

Fusarium ikufuna

Kukula kwa fusarium wilting kumawonedwa mu tchire pakupanga kwa masamba enieni a masamba atatu. Chlorotic amawoneka mawonekedwe a mbeu, ndiye kuti aziluma. Matendawa amakula msanga ndikuthamanga kwa dothi, kusokonekera kwamadzi mkati mwake, kapena kuvulala ndi mizu pakumasulidwa. Mabasi amatha kuchiritsidwa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, pomwe njira yothira fungicidal imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera. Tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa kwambiri liyenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Pofuna kupewa, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a kusinthasintha kwa mbeu, komanso kuti mudzalime, sankhani mitundu yomwe imatsutsana ndi fusarium wilt.

Dzimbiri

Katsabola akaonongeka ndi dzimbiri m'milungu yoyambirira yachilimwe, mapilo amtundu wachikasu amakhala kumunsi kwa masamba, masamba ndi mphukira. Popewa, asanafesere, mbewuyi imayenera kuwotha ndi madzi otenthetsedwa mpaka madigiri 50, ndiye kuti amafunika kumizidwa m'madzi ozizira, kenako nkuwuma. Tchire wodwala lidzafunika chithandizo zingapo ndikupumula kwa masiku 10-12, chifukwa agwiritsa ntchito njira ya Bordeaux osakaniza (1%). Nthawi yomaliza mbewuyo ikakonzedwa pasanathe milungu iwiri musanakolole. Asanayambe kukonza kapena kudya, amadyera ayenera kutsukidwa bwino madzi.

Katsabola wazipatso

Nthawi zambiri, khungu la katsabola, nsikidzi zaku Italy, kapena zikopa zazingwe, zophimba za masamba a karoti, kuwuluka kwa karoti, vwende, msuzi wa karoti ndi karoti aphid kukhazikika pa katsabola.

Carrot kuuluka

Kudya kwa karoti kumavulaza gawo la tchire, chifukwa limachedwa kukula, pomwe masamba pachiwonetsero amatembenukira ofiira, pambuyo pake amasanduka achikasu ndikuuma. Nthawi zambiri, tizirombo timakhala pa tchire lopendekera lomwe lili pafupi ndi bedi ndi kaloti, chifukwa tizilombo tating'ono timakopeka ndi kununkhira kwa nsonga za karoti. Kuteteza tchire ku ntchentche zotere, pamwamba pa nthaka pamizereyi iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mchenga wosakanikirana, womwe ufa wa mpiru, peat wowuma, tsabola wosaka kapena phulusa lamatabwa amawonjezerapo. Ngati, komabe, ntchentche ya karoti yaonekera, mbewu ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira zotsatirazi: Arrivo, Vantex kapena Karate Zeon. Poterepa, tchire sayenera kuwaza pasanathe theka la mwezi musanakolole.

Umbrella wakhungu

Ma blind a maambulera ndi nsikidzi zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhudza anthu onse a banja la a Celery, onse akuthambo komanso otupa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timadya msuzi wa mbewu, yomwe imamwa masamba, maambulera ndi zimayambira, izi zimabweretsa kufa kwa msipu. M'mabedi momwe mumakhala akhungu, zokolola zamtchire zimachepetsedwa ndi 30-40%. Kuti tichotse tizirombo totere, tchire liyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la Fitoverm kapena Actellik.

Nsikidzi zaku Italy

Anthu akhungu ku Italy amachita chimodzimodzi monga ambulera yakhungu, nawonso amachita. Pakangotha ​​nyengo imodzi malo otentha, tizirombo titha kupatsa mibadwo iwiri. Koma cholakwika choterechi chimatha kuvulaza buluzi pokhapokha ngati pali anthu ambiri pabedi. Muzochitika izi, tchire zimafunikira kuthiridwa ndi yankho la Actellik kapena Fitoverm.

Ma nsabwe

Katsabola akhoza kuvulazidwa ndi mitundu itatu ya nsabwe za m'masamba: msondodzi-karoti, karoti ndi vwende. Onsewa amadya madzi, omwe amayamwa kuchokera kumtunda zamtchire, chifukwa cha izi, amakhala ndi kukula, kusinthika, makwinya, chikasu ndi kuyanika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe masiku ano timati ndi osachiritsika. Poyamba, tizirombo timachotsedwa mu tchire ndi mtsinje wamphamvu wamadzi, ndiye kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Chidebe 1 chamadzi chimayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi ma kilogalamu atatu a phulusa lamatabwa, pomwe osakaniza amaponyedwa kwa maola 24, supuni 1 yayikulu yamadzi iyenera kusungunuka, ndiye kuti iyenera kusefedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kupopera tchire. Pakatha masiku 7, osakaniza kuchokera pazomera ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera.

Zosiyanasiyana za katsabola

Akatswiri amasiyanitsa mitundu yonse ya katsabola kutalika, m'lifupi ndi mawonekedwe a magawo a tsamba, mwa mawonekedwe a rosette, komanso kukula kwa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa masamba. Wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri amayang'ana chotsatira chotsatirachi - chiyambi cha mapangidwe a zimayambira, malinga ndi mitundu yomwe amagawidwa poyambirira kucha, pakati komanso kucha mochedwa.

Mitundu yoyambirira kucha

1. Gribovsky. Mitundu yopindulitsa iyi siyikukula mosamalitsa. Itha kudalilidwa panthaka komanso m'nyumba. Mitundu ya onunkhirayi imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri ndi matenda. Kutalika kwa tchire kuli pafupifupi 25 cm.
2. Kutali. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukana malo ogona. Katsabola kameneka kamadzalidwa kuti kuziziritsa, chakudya, kumawuma ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ma brines ndi marinade. Mapangidwe ake amatuluka amapangira masiku 38 mpaka 40 mbande zitamera. Pamwamba pa mbale za masamba obiriwira palibepo ntchentche yayikulu kwambiri.
3. Aurora. Mitundu yopindulitsa iyi idawoneka posachedwa, imagwirizana ndi tizilombo komanso matenda oyipa, ndipo imakhwima pakatha masiku 25. Tchire lamphamvu limakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira komanso malo okhala pafupi, masamba obiriwira onunkhira bwino kwambiri.
4. Grenadier. Kucha kwa mitengo yamtchire kumachitika mkati mwa masiku 35 mpaka 40 kuchokera pomwe mbande zimamera. Tchire lomwe lili mgawo la masamba atatu kapena anayi limakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri.
5. Umbrella. Mitundu iyi idawonekanso osati kale kwambiri, nthawi yake yakucha ndiyofanana ndi mitundu ya Gribovsky. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi kuti ikule pamalo obiriwira.

Mitundu ya Mid-msimu

1. Umbrella. Chitsamba chimakhala ndi nthambi zanthete komanso mbale zazitali, masamba oterowo amadyedwa mwatsopano ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati zonunkhira.
2. Northwind. Tchire losiyanasiyana limakhala labwino komanso labwino. Kutalika kwa maseketi okwera pang'ono ndi pafupifupi masentimita 36, ​​amaphatikiza ma masamba akuluakulu obiriwira okhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Nthochi zipsa m'masiku 40-60 kuyambira nthawi yofesa, ndipo kupsa kwa mbewu kumachitika pambuyo pa masiku 65-105.
3. Richelieu. Mitundu iyi ndi yokongoletsa ndipo imagwirizana ndi matenda. Malo akuluakulu amakhala ndi timapepala tating'ono tonunkhira tachikuni tomwe timakhala ndi timabowo tambiri. Pak maluwa, mphukira zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri.
4. Kibray. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukana kwa powdery mildew. Itha kulimidwa paliponse pobzala komanso m'nthaka. Zomera zimapsa patadutsa masiku 45 kuchokera pamene mbande zayamba kuonekera, ndipo kucha kwambewu kumachitika patatha masiku 70. Mtundu wa masamba obiriwira komanso onunkhira kwambiri ndiwofewa.
5. Alligator. Tinthu timeneti tili ndi timbale ta masamba tomwe timakwezedwa pamwamba pamtunda, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakukolola. Kucha kwa amadyera kumachitika patatha masiku 42-45 mbande zitamera, komabe, kudula masamba kwa chakudya kumatha kuchitika kale.
6. Lesnogorodsky. Mitundu iyi, yodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso kukana matenda, ili ndi chinthu chimodzi, mwachitsanzo, pa tchire nthawi yophukira, pomwe zipatso zamasamba zimawonedwa, zimakhalabe zonunkhira zazikulu komanso zobiriwira, ndipo zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa proitamin A ndi vitamini C .

Mochedwa kucha mitundu

1. Zozimitsa moto. Tchire lotere limadziwika ndi zokolola, tchire kutalika kwake limafikira pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, ndipo zimacha m'masiku 35-45. Pesi lomwe lili ndi masamba ambiri ndi lolimba. Masamba onunkhira bwino amtundu wakuda wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira kwamtambo, ndi akulu komanso osakhwima. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa masamba ake akamadula amakula mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo maambulera amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono.
2. Buyan. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi matenda, zimakhwima panthaka kudzera mmera. Mu tchire lodzola zipatso, mphukira sizimakhala zoterera kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe pali zokutira mwamphamvu za masamba onunkhira pamwamba pa masamba onunkhira.
3. Hoarfrost. Zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zokolola, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisungidwe ndi kuzizira, komanso chakudya chatsopano. Zomera zokhala ndi masamba ambiri zimakhala ndi maambulera akuluakulu komanso duwa lokhwirira, lomwe limakhala ndi masamba obiriwira ataliatali obiriwira, pomwe pali zokutira sera.
4. Zolakwika. Mitundu ya onunkhira, yomwe imadziwika ndi zokolola, imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, pamtunda pomwe pali zokutira ndi sera. Nthawi zambiri, amadyera amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zatsopano, koma amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira za mbale.
5. Kutuzovsky. Mtunduwu umapsa patatha masiku 41-44 mbewuzo zitamera. Zonunkhira zanthete komanso masamba akuluakulu opakidwa utoto wonyezimira, zimafikira kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 20, zimagawika m'magulu okhala ndi ulusi. Mabasi amakhala ndi masamba. Amabzalira kuyanika, kuzizira, ngati zonunkhiritsa komanso kukonza brine ndi marinade.

Zopangira Dill

Zothandiza pa katsabola

Katsabola amatha kudya pachaka chonse. Muli zinthu ngati izi zofunika kwa thupi ngati nicotinic ndi ascorbic acid, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, pectins, flavonoids, mavitamini A, B2, B6, C, PP, komanso potaziyamu, chitsulo, phosphorous ndi calcium. Kuphatikizidwa kwa chipatsocho kumaphatikizapo mafuta ambiri amafuta, opangidwa ndi kanjedza, oleic ndi linoleic acid.

Mafuta ofunikira okhala ndi mawonekedwe a katsabola amakhala ndi mbali zonse za chomera. Masamba ali ndi mchere wa magnesium ndi chitsulo mumapangidwe osavuta kugaya, amathandizira pakulimbikitsa njira zopangira magazi. Ndipo mafuta ofunikira omwe amaphatikizidwa ndikuthandizira kupangika kwa michere yam'mimba ndi michere ya bile, amathandizanso kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda am'mimba ndi genitourinary system. Mankhwala otchedwa Anetin amapangidwa kuchokera ku chomera ichi chogulitsa zamankhwala, amathandizira ntchito ya minofu ya mtima, komanso amachepetsa ziwiya zaubongo ndi mtima, chifukwa chake zakudya zawo zimalimbikitsidwa kangapo.

Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa azimayi oyamwitsa, chifukwa amathandizira kuti ayambitse mkaka wa m'mawere. Ndipo katsabola amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito matenda oopsa, kupuma komanso kuwonongeka kwamaso. Amatanthawuza kuti ali ndi diuretic, sedative ndi antispasmodic kwenikweni, komanso ndi analgesic kwenikweni ngati zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba. Kulowetsedwa kumapangidwa kuchokera ku nthangala za katsabola, zomwe zimathandizira chidwi chofuna kudya, kukonza chimbudzi, ndipo zimachotsanso kutupa kwa impso ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi vuto la kugona. Sakanizani 2 tbsp. madzi atsopano owiritsa ndi 2 tsp. Mbeu zanyumba, kuphimba beseni ndikudikirira mphindi 10. The kulowetsedwa ayenera osasefedwa ndi kuledzera 1 tbsp. patsiku. Chida ichi chili ndi mphamvu ya antiallergenic komanso antihemorrhoidal, komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati machiritso akunja kwamankhwala.

Chodziwikiratu kwambiri ndi ufa wopangidwa kuchokera ku mbeu za mbewu iyi, zomwe zimapangitsanso mkaka wake. Amadyedwa katatu patsiku 1 gramu imodzi kwa mphindi 30. chakudya chisanachitike. Kuphatikiza masamba kumachotsa matumba pansi pa maso, chifukwa, thonje la thonje limasungunuka mkati mwake liyenera kuvala kwa mphindi 10. pamaso. Mafuta a katsabola ndi abwino chifukwa cha bronchitis ndi chibayo, chifukwa chake pali kulekanitsidwa mwachangu kwa ntchofu ku makoma a bronchi. Kuti muchepetse kupangidwa kwa gasi mu makanda, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyenga kuti mukonzekere, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza madzi ndi mafuta a katsabola muyezo wa 1000: 1. Kuphatikiza apo, chida ichi chimathandizira kuchepa kwa magazi, kuwonjezera mkodzo, kuthamanga kwamatumbo ndikuchepetsa mitsempha yamagazi.

Contraindication

Aliyense akhoza kudya katsabola, chifukwa sizingavulaze aliyense. Pankhaniyi, ndalama kuchokera ku izo, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, zimayambitsa hypotonics kufooka, kusawona bwino, kuchepa mphamvu, komanso nthawi zina kukomoka. Imapatsidwanso kwa iwo omwe ali ndi tsankho kuti ataye kutaya. Zonenepa zoterezi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizidyedwa pang'ono ndi amayi apakati komanso amayi panthawi yomwe akusamba, koma simuyenera kuzisiyiratu.