Camellia (Camellia) - zitsamba zobiriwira, maluwa okongoletsera kapena mitengo ya banja la Tiyi (Magdalena) Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imamera m'madera otentha komanso otentha, ku Southeast and Central Asia, Indochina, Japan, Java, Islands Islands. Pakadali pano, mitundu yoposa 250 ya camellia ikufotokozedwa. Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndi Camellia sinensis, kapena Tiyi Bush, kuchokera kumasamba omwe tiyi amapangidwa. Mitundu yambiri ya camellia imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira maluwa komanso zokongoletsera zamaluwa.
Camellia
Masamba a camellia ndi oval, achikopa, amtali, okhala ndi malangizo otsogola kapena amisili. Maluwa akuluakulu mulifupi, okongoletsa kwambiri, osiyanasiyana mitundu. Pali mbewu zokhala ndi zoyera, kirimu, pinki ndi maluwa ofiira. Camellias okhala ndi bicolor, maluwa apawiri amawoneka osangalatsa kwambiri. Pa ma petals pakhoza kukhala malo owoneka pang'ono, mikwingwirima ndi kusintha kwa mitundu, kotero titha kunena motsimikiza kuti camellias sikuti amalankhula ngati mitengo yabwino kwambiri komanso yokongola. Nthawi ya maluwa a camellias ndi yayitali ndipo imakhala kuyambira chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira mpaka pakati pa masika. Camellias amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochulukitsa dziko komanso kupanga malo okongola. Masamba a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mafuta ofunikira.
Mitundu ya Camellia
Mitundu yodziwika bwino: camellia, China, phiri, Japan, Williams. Palibenso mitundu yokongola ndi yophatikiza ya camellia. Ngakhale kuti camellia ndi yovuta komanso yovuta kusamalira chinyumba, mutapatsidwa zinsinsi zokulira, mutha kukwanitsa maluwa komanso chitukuko chomera.
Kusamalira camellia kunyumba
Camellias ndi mbewu zowoneka bwino, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuyika miphika yamaluwa ndi chomera pazenera zakumadzulo kapena kumwera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti camellia yamapiri imalekezera kuwala kwa dzuwa. Koma camelia ya ku Japan iyenera kukhala imithunzi. Chomera chimakonda kwambiri kusintha kwadzidzidzi mu kutentha ndipo sikumalekerera kukonzekera konse. Komanso, mkati mwa maluwa a camellia, sikulimbikitsidwa kukonzanso mphika wa maluwa ndi chomeracho pamalo ndi malo, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo musankhe malo abwino oti mukayikemo chomera.
M'nyengo yozizira, camellia imatha kusungidwa pa loggia yoyatsidwa, yoyatsidwa, pomwe matenthedwe sayenera kutsika kuposa 12 digiri Celsius. Zipinda zomwe zimakonda kutentha zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.
Camellia ndi wofiyira komanso wapinki.
Zomera zimakonda mpweya wonyowa, kuti muwonjezere chinyezi m'chipindacho, pafupi ndi chomera, mutha kuyika chidebe ndi madzi kapena malo miphika ndi mbewu pamatayala okhala ndi dongo kapena timiyala tating'ono. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera masamba a camellia ndi madzi ofewa, koma nthawi yomweyo, madzi sayenera kugwa pamaluwa kapena masamba a mbewu, chifukwa izi zimatha kubola maluwa kapena kugwa masamba.
M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi osungunuka kapena madzi osungunuka firiji. M'nyengo yozizira, pafupipafupi madzi okwanira amachepa. Kusefukira kwamphamvu kwa camellia kapena kuyanika kwa nthawi yayitali ya dongo sikuloledwa. Pakapangidwa maluwa, ndikofunikira kuti ziume pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, koma osafikira kuti ziume.
Ndi isanayambike masentimita, kuoneka ngati mphukira zoyambirira, camellia imafunikira feteleza. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral kapena organic pazomera zamaluwa. Pakuphatikiza feteleza m'madzi, ndibwino kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwake kawiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zapezeka m'malangizo. Camellia sifunikira kudyetsa pafupipafupi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa michere kumatha kubweretsanso mbewuyo kufa. Pakutha kwa chilimwe, kudyetsa ngamira kumayimitsidwa, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi masamba amadzayikidwa.
Mabasi a camellia.
Camellias amakula bwino ndikukula pamadothi acidic, chifukwa chake pozula mbewu, muyenera kugula dothi lapadera la camellias kapena pafupipafupi acidure nthaka ndi madontho ochepa a mandimu kapena feteleza wapadera. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala ndi ma peat apamwamba, mchenga, vermiculite, makungwa pansi. Perlite. Pansi pa maluwa miphika idali ndi dongo laling'ono. Zomera zothandizidwa zitha kuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka February, chifukwa camellias amapuma panthawiyi.
Mitundu yaying'ono yama camellias imafunika kusinthika nthawi zonse, mbewu zachikale zitha kuziika kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Kuika kuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri ndi kupewa kuwononga mizu ya mbewu. Pakati pa mizu ya chomera ndi thunthu ndi khosi lomwe silimadzaza dothi. Miphika ya camellia ndiyabwino kusankha bwino.
Camellia.
Pambuyo maluwa, mutha kudula nthambi za mbewu. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa camellia ya tizirombo. Popewa chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuti njira zothandizira kupopera ndi kuthira mbewu ndi feteleza wa fungicidal kapena tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kubzala kwa Camellia
Camellia imafalikira pogawa chitsamba, mphukira zam'mphepete, mbewu, Ankalumikiza, kudula. Chothandiza kwambiri ndi njira yobzala mbewu. Popeza nthangala za camellia zimataya msanga mphamvu, kumalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe mutakolola. Bzalani mbeu m'mbale zokhala ndi dothi losakanizika ndi dothi, lomwe limakhala ndi peat yamahatchi, mchenga wocheperako komanso perlite. Kutentha kwabwino kwamamaso ndi 18 degrees Celsius. Pambuyo kuwonekera masamba awiri oyamba. mbande imalowa mu miphika yosiyana. Wobzala ndi njirayi, camellias amatha kale kuphuka mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu.
Camellia
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya camellias imafalitsidwa bwino kwambiri ndi kudula pang'ono, komwe kumadulidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mphukira zazing'ono, zobiriwira sizoyenera kubereka. Zodulidwa mizu mu gawo lonyowa, pomwe mukukula mwachangu, mutha kuphimba pamwamba ndi pulasitiki kapena mtsuko wagalasi. Kuti mupeze mizu bwino, zophatikiza ndi zozika mizu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yodyetsa nthawi yayitali ndikufalitsa kwa camellia ndi magawo amlengalenga, komabe, mwanjira iyi ndikotheka kupeza mitundu yamitundu yobzala yomwe ingasangalale ndi maluwa ake mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala.
