Dracula - Wotuwa Orchid

Dracula (Dracula) - mtundu wa mbewu za epiphytic kuchokera ku banja la Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae,, yodziwika bwino m'nkhalango zachinyezi za Central ndi South America. Mitundu ili ndi mitundu 123.

Dracula mopsus

Mitundu yambiri ya dracula imakulidwa ngati maluwa obiriwira kapena maluwa am'nyumba.

Kutanthauzira dzina lasayansidracula - "mwana wa chinjoka", "chinjoka", "chinjoka". Dzinali limafotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a duwa, lofanana ndi nkhope ya chinjoka.

Mitundu yamitundu yodziwika bwino yomwe ili ndi mayina amitundu yambiri yamtunduwu ndi yokhudzana ndi mayina a mizimu, mizimu yoyipa, komanso kuwerengera Dracula (chimaera, diabola,  amalonda,  gorgona, gorgonella, nosferatu,  polyphemus, vampira, ma vlad-tepes).

M'mabuku achilankhulo chaku Russia chokhudza maluwa, "dzina" la "dracula" kutanthauza "dzina la mtundu wa mbewu" limawerengedwa kuti ndi lachikazi potengera dzina la asayansi (Latin); mwachitsanzo, dzina la sayansiDracula bella Dzina lachi Russia "Dracula Wokongola" limaperekedwa.

Chidule cha dzina lodziwika bwino mu mafakitala ndi maulimi a maluwa ena ndiDrac.

Dracula bella. Chithunzi cha botanical kuchokera ku Florence Woolward: The Genus Masdevallia. 1896

Mwa mitundu 123 yomwe tsopano yaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa Dracula, mtunduwo udalongosoleredwa koyambaMasdevallia chimaera (tsopano -Dracula chimaera): izi zidachitika ndi Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1823-1889) kutengera chomera chomwe chidapezeka mu Marichi 1870 ku Western Cordillera wolemba wa orchid Benedict Roel. Chomera ichi chidakopa chidwi cha mitsempha kotero kuti amafanizira maluwa ake osazolowereka, osati ndi chimphona cha nthano cha Chimera, komanso ndi nyimbo za Beethoven ndi Chopin. Chimera chimaphatikiza nyama zitatu: ndi chilombo cha mitu itatu chomwe chikuwotcha ndi mitu ya mkango, mbuzi ndi chinjoka pakhosi la mkango, ndikusandulika thupi lambuzi ndi mchira wa chinjoka. Zinali katatu izi zomwe zidapatsa G. Reichenbach mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha Chimera m'dzina la chomera. Mbali zazikuluzikulu zakuwoneka bwino za duwa zimaperekedwa ndi zitatu zokulitsidwa bwino, zokutira zokhala ngati mandala, miyala iwiri yochepetsedwa kwambiri ndi mlomo wonga fupa la nsagwada. Woyamba kuwona chomera chachilendo ichi mu 1875, V.G.Smith adalemba motere: "Palibe amene, atawona koyamba maluwa a masdevallia a Chimera, sakanakhala ndi chisangalalo chodabwitsa komanso chodabwitsa pamaso pa kukongola kwamkati, kukongola komanso chidwi cha maluwa. Manda ake atali kwambiri amawoneka ngati michira ya njoka ya Chimera yoopsa, ndipo tsitsi lochulukirapo lomwe limakutira limangotsala pang'ono kuzungulira pakamwa pake kowopsa, kwamoto. "Masdevallia Chimera ali ngati mawu ena, fungo, mitundu yobadwa ndi nyimbo zauwisi, zonunkhira zovuta kapena makanema okometsera." ChifundoDracula adasiyana ndi mtundu Masdevallia (Masdevallia) mu 1978.

M'masamba a The Gardener's Chronicle, Heinrich Reichenbach adalemba kuti: "... inali nthawi yosaiwalika m'moyo wanga wamaluwa, nditawona koyamba duwa ili ... sindinakhulupilire maso anga? Ndimalota? Ndinali wokondwa chifukwa lidaliso lalikulu lomwe ndidawona ndi chozizwitsa chomwe chimabisala ndekha kwa zaka masauzande. Sindingakhulupilire izi motere: Chifukwa chake ndidatcha chimera. "

Malinga ndi nthano ija, munthu yekhayo amene amagwiritsa ntchito kavalo wam'madzi Pegasus wobadwa kuchokera pagulu la Gorgon Medusa wophedwa ndi Perseus ndi amene angagonjetse Chimera wamaso atatu. Ngwazi iyi idakhala mdzukulu wa Sisyphus Bellerophon. Awo, dzina lake, adapatsidwa gawo limodzi mwa ochita masewerawa, uyu ndi Dracula Bellerophon (D. bellerophon Luer & Escobar), omwe adapezeka kumpoto kwa Colombian Cordillera mu 1978. Maonekedwe ake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi a Dracula Chimera, koma duwa lake limakhala lofiirira ndipo limakutidwa ndi chikaso chakuda.

Malire a kumpoto kwa mtundu wamtunduwu ndi Kumwera kwa Mexico, ndipo malire akum'mwera a magawo osiyanasiyana ndi Peru.

Ku Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama ndi Peru, mitundu yokhayo imapezeka, pomwe mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu imawonedwa ku Colombia ndi Ecuador. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu ya anthu payokha imakhala ndi gawo logawanikirana kwambiri ndipo mwachitsanzo, imapezeka m'chigwa chimodzi.

Dracula amakula pamtunda wamakilomita awiri ndi theka kuchokera pamtunda wamtunda wa Cordillera - nthawi zambiri pamitengo yamitengo ikuluikulu, yosapitilira mamita atatu kuchokera pansi, ndipo nthawi zina pansi. Samalekerera kusintha pamikhalidwe yomwe ilipo: ngati mtengo womwe unali pamalowo udagwa pazifukwa zachilengedwe kapena ngati udulidwa, maluwa amwalira msanga.

Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe momwe ma draculas amakulira amadziwika ndi chinyezi chambiri, mvula yambiri, kutentha pang'ono komanso kutentha pang'ono.

Dracula polyphemus, kapangidwe ka maluwa: nyumba yoyang'ana kumbuyo - maphiri ophatikizika; mapangidwe amtundu wofiirira wamisempha - milomo (yosinthidwa ndi petal); mapiko awiri ang'ono kumtunda - miyala ina iwiri; kapangidwe kake pakati pawo ndi mzati (androecium, wophatikizidwa ndi gynoecium)

Oimira amtunduwu ndi mbewu zotsika za epiphytic zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba ofupika ndi masamba apampopi atali.

Chikhodzodzo chikufupikitsidwa.

Pseudobulbs mu orchid kuchokera ku mtundu wa Dracula, mosiyana ndi ena onse oimira Epidendrova subfamily (Epidendroideae) palibe. Masamba amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, pomwe amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ma pseudobulbs. Utoto wa masamba umachokera ku kuwala kukafika kubiriwira lakuda.

Maluwa ndi lakuthwa zygomorphic; m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana amasiyana kwambiri maonekedwe ndi mtundu wake, koma chinthu chofala kwa iwo ndikuti manda atatuwa amalumikizidwa pansi mwanjira yoti apange mbale, pomwe malangizowo (otuluka) a manda amawonjezedwa kunjaku. Izi zotuluka nthawi zambiri zimaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi.

Dracula amatha kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo, komanso mileme ndi ma shrew.

Zovala zamtundu wamtundu wamtambo ndizokhala ndi maluwa amodzi, zowongoka kapena pang'ono, zina mwa mitunduzo zimawongoka, ndikudutsa mizu ya mlengalenga.

Mbewu ndizochepa, zochulukirapo, zam'madzi.

Dracula anali wowonjezera kutentha wotchuka ku Europe chakumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Kupezeka kwawo, mawonekedwe a Gothic komanso zofunikira kwambiri pazikhalidwe zimapangitsa izi kukhala zamtengo wapatali komanso zofunika kupeza.

Zomerazi ndizolima, koma sizingakhale pamalo pomwepo ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo yachilengedwe. Mikhalidwe yosayenera imayambitsa kuwotcha mawanga, kuyanika kuchokera pa nsonga za masamba ndi kuwonongeka kwamaluwa kusanachitike. Wobiriwira azikhala ozizira kwambiri, ayenera kukhala ndi mafani akuluakulu komanso zowongolera mpweya; kutentha kwakukulu tsiku lililonse sikuyenera kupitirira 25 ° C.

Kuunikira: mthunzi, pang'ono mthunzi.

Zomera ndizabwino kwambiri mumabasiketi amitengo kapena m'miphika pulasitiki ya zomera m'madzi. Zopezazo zitha kuyikidwa ndi chosanjikiza cha sphagnum ndikudzazidwa ndi fiberifern fiber, ndikufundidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa sphagnum pamwamba. Kuti mbewa za moss zizikhala bwino, ndikofunikira kumangotenga madzi amvula kuti kuthirira. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zingabzalidwe pamabowo a Mexicoifern ndi phula laling'ono. Osonkhanitsa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sphagnum yowuma ku New Zealand.

Kutentha kwapakati pa mitundu yambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 15 ° C. M'miyezi yotentha, kutentha sikuyenera kukwera pamwamba pa 25 ° C.

Chinyezi chowonjezera ndi 70-90%.

Dracula vespertilio

Mitundu yagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Dracula subg.Sodiroa - monotypic subgenus wokhala ndi mtundu umodziDracula sodiroi;
• Dracula subg.Xenosia - monotypic subgenus wokhala ndi mtundu umodziDracula xenos;
• Dracula subg.Dracula - subgenus, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu ina yonse.

Zophatikiza zosakanizidwa

Zowoneka zachilengedwe zachilengedwe zamtundu wa Dracula zimadziwika. Ena a iwo:

• Dracula × anicula = Dracula cutis-bufonis × Dracula wallisii;
• Dracula × radiosyndactyla = Dracula radiosa × Dracula syndactyla.

Zosakanizidwa zonsezi zimapezeka ku Colombia.

Zophatikiza zamtundu wa Intergeneric

Pali zosakanizidwa zingapo pakati pa mitundu ya genera Dracula ndi Masdevallia. Izi hybrids zimaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Droncwallia:

• Dracuvallia Luer (1978) = Dracula Luer (1978) × Masdevallia Ruiz et Pav. (1794)

Dracula benedictiiDracula radiosa

Matenda ndi tizirombo:

Tizilombo tina tambiri tomwe tili ndi mitundu yopitilira 32 ya magulu anayi ndi magulu asanu ndi awiri. Amadziwikanso ndi bowa woposa 90, mabakiteriya ndi ma virus omwe amayambitsa matenda a orchid: kuwononga masamba, kuwola kwa mizu, mphukira zazing'ono, tuberidia, masamba ndi maluwa.

Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala: nthata za herbivorous, nsabwe za m'masamba, kupindika, scute, etc. Mwa matenda: wakuda, muzu, bulauni, fusarium, zowola imvi, anthracnose, etc.

Dracula ndi wokongola, kapena wokongola (Dracula bella)Dracula chimera (Dracula chimaera) Chomerachi chidayamba kubweretsedwa ku Europe ndi botanist L. Linden mu 1872 ndipo chidakhala chokongoletsa ku zopereka zamaluwa m'minda ya botanicalDracula psittacina