Onse awiri mayina achi Russia chomera cha saxifrage ndi dzina lachi Latin loti SAXIFRAGA (saxum - rock ndi fragere - break, break) amatanthauzira za mphamvu zachilengedwe zomwe zimawoneka ngati zazing'ono komanso zosavuta. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'miyala yamiyala, ngati kuti ukuthyola; mosiyana, anthu amatcha udzu wa saxifrage.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaubongo, nthawi zina zimakhala ziwiri. Pamtundu - pafupifupi mitundu 400 yomwe imamera m'mapiri otentha aku Africa, ku Central America, Europe.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya Saxifraga
Kutambalala
Udzu wa saxifrage ndi wamtali masentimita 5 mpaka 70. Masamba nthawi zambiri amatengedwa mu basal rosettes. Pali achikopa ndi amtundu, nthawi zambiri ozunguliridwa, nthawi zina - amagawidwa m'mabowo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mandimu amamasulidwa kwa iwo nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala moyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba ake akhale pamithunzi ya "zitsulo zotuwa".
Duwa la Saxifrage ndilofanana ndi nyenyezi zazing'ono - zoyera, zachikaso, zapinki, zofiirira, zofiirira. Nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi masamba asanu. Daluwa mu Meyi-Ogasiti. Wopukutidwa ndi tizilombo, koma kudzivulaza tokha kumathanso kuchitika.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Pali ma saxifrage ochulukirapo m'banjamo, onse ali ofanana mu chisamaliro: ena amakonda dothi lopatsa thanzi, ena, mmalo mwake, amakula bwino osauka, ena ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zambiri, ena ayenera kubzalidwa pamtunda pang'ono, osati padzuwa. Zinali zosavuta kuti nerd iphatikize magawo ena ofanana, omwe alipo oposa khumi ndi awiri. Ndipo iwonso amaphatikizanso magawo, magawo, magawo, mizere. Zomera za gawo lililonse latsopano zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
Mwachitsanzo, ma saxifrage ochokera ku gawo la Porphyrion amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe abwino a masamba, kupindika ndi kutsika kwamasamba, komanso maluwa akulu, achilendo amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Abizinesi aku Western amalipira chidwi chambiri ndi mbewu za gawoli.
Tchulani zofunikira zokhazokha zokhudzana ndi kufalitsa saxifrage m'magawo.
Subspecies Saxifraga
- Itha kudziwika kuti Pontic saxifrage (Saxifraga pontica). Koyambirira kwa Caucasus. Osayamba. Zabzala zimakula kukhala makatani owonda kwambiri.
- Musky saxifrage (Saxifraga moschata = S. exarata ssp. Moschata). Koyambira kuchokera kumayiko a ku Mediterranean, Peninsula ya Balkan ndi Caucasus. Tchire tating'onoting'ono (pafupifupi masentimita awiri) timaphatikizira ndikupanga nthito zazitali kwambiri. Amasiya yozizira bwino pansi pa chipale chofewa. Yokhala ndi burgundy wokhala ndi chikasu pachikasu, mu maluwa otayirira mu June. Popeza chilengedwe atasankha mapiri ndi mapiri otsetsereka, adzamva bwino mu chikhalidwe pamiyala ndi m'mapiri otsetsereka.
- K. granular (Saxifraga granulata) yokhala ndi maluwa okongola obiriwira oyera ndiosangalatsa chifukwa imapanga timabowo tambiri m'mbali mwake. Nthawi zambiri amafalitsa saxifrage iyi. Imapezeka pamiyala yamiyala kumpoto ndi Central Europe, ku Western Polesie.
- Saxifraga turfy (Saxifraga caespitosa) - osatha mpaka 20 cm. Mitundu yambiri ya 'Findeing' imawoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo maluwa amafanana ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali pamwambapa - saxifrage ndi miyala, koma kokha ndi maluwa, palibe tubers mu saxifrage. Ndipo maluwa, kuphatikiza zoyera, amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yofiira ndi yapinki. Ndiwocheperako - pafupifupi masentimita 1, pachimake mu Meyi-June.
- Arends Saxifraga (Saxifraga x arendsii = Arendsii-hibridae) mwina ndiwodziwika bwino kwambiri wa saxifrages omwe apatsidwa gawo ili.
Zophatikiza izi zomwe zimagulitsidwa nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa molakwika ngati mitundu yamafuta a saxifrage. Amakhala okwera masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Masamba amabwera osiyanasiyana, majekete ndi wandiweyani. Maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana - oyera, achikaso, pinki, ofiira.
Gymnopera subspecies
Kubzala kwa Saxifrage ndi chisamaliro
Awa ndi oteteza m'nthaka okhala ndi zamphepo, masamba akulu ndi olimba, makamaka a mthunzi wochepa. Vuto linanso loti muchite bwino kulima ndi dothi lonyowa komanso mpweya.
- Saxifrage ndi yamithunzi (Saxifraga x urbium). Masamba otambalala, owzungulira pang'ono, amapita kubiriwira pansi pa chipale chofewa, maluwa ndi oyera ndi pinki. Amakonda mthunzi wocheperako, mpweya wonyowa ndi nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito humus pachaka kungapindule. Ndikofunika nthawi zonse kuti udzu uchotse mitengo ya saxifrage, namsongole imazinga nthawi yomweyo, imatha kugwa chifukwa cha izi.
- Saxifraga owuma tsitsi (Saxifraga hirsuta). Amapanga masamba otayirira, amakula bwino ngati kalulu. Pakagwa chilala, imatha kufa. Amakonzekera kukhazikika m'malo otetezeka. Maluwa oyera omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi panicles ochepa amawonekera mu June. Amakhala bwino: osakhala pogona komanso chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, amawopa chisanu pokhapokha - madigiri 35. Dzinalo limalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe: timapepala tonse tating'ono tokhala pansi pamtunda ndimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi.
- Saxifraga cuneifolia) yooneka ngati ma wedge, idatsika m'minda yathu kuchokera kumapiri a Kumwera ndi Central Europe. Pamodzi ndi peduncle, kutalika kwa thengo ndi masentimita 15-25. Masamba akhungu onyezimira amakhala obiriwira pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo masamba omwewo pansi pake mchaka. Amaluwa ndi maluwa oyera mu June-Julayi.
- Saxifrage spatularis (Saxifraga spathularis). Ma Rosette amapangidwa patali kwambiri ndi inzake, limamasula kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June. Osatha kupirira mpaka - 15 madigiri. Nyumba yozizira. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe imatha kupezeka m'maiko aku Europe.
Subspecies Porphyrion
Kudzala kwa chithunzi cha Saxifrage
- Saxifraga hodicolor (S. Oppositifolia). Koyambira kuchokera kumapiri a kumpoto ndi gawo la Arctic ku Europe ndi Asia, China, Mongolia, North America. Ikupirira mpaka -38 madigiri. chisanu. Mu June-Julayi limaluwa ndi maluwa ofiira. Kumvera kwambiri kupezeka kwa calcium munthaka. K. kufalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa kosakhazikika ndi magawano azigawo.
- Grisebach Saxifrages (Saxifraga grisebachii = S. federici-augusti ssp. Grisebachii). M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imatha kupezeka m'malo ammapiri (makamaka pamiyala) ya maiko a Balkan Peninsula. Maluwa ndi ofiirira pang'ono, masamba ndi odabwitsa muutoto - wokhala ndi buluu. Zodabwitsa kwambiri! Simungathe kudzala padzuwa lowala, kokha - mthunzi pang'ono.
- Juniper saxifrage (Saxifraga juniperifolia). Dzinalo limadzilankhulira lokha. Fomu - zokwawa, maluwa achikasu pachimake mu Meyi. Amakonda dzuwa kapena mloza pang'ono. Kwawo - mapiri a Caucasus.
- Dinnik's Saxifraga (Saxifraga dinnikii) ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira ukufalikira mu Epulo-Meyi. Chikhalidwe ndichovuta. Mwachilengedwe, imapezeka kokha m'malo ena a mapiri a Caucasus.
- Saxifraga (Saxifraga x apiculata) yokongola kwambiri idapangidwa kuti ikulidwe chikhalidwe. Mu Epulo-Meyi, zimakhudza kuchuluka kwamaluwa, mapepala a masamba - mpaka 5-10 masentimita kutalika. Zokonzekera kumera pamiyala yamiyala (m'miyala, pakati pa miyala), kuyatsa kwa dzuwa sikugwira ntchito yayikulu: imatha kukula bwino mokwanira pang'ono komanso dzuwa lotseguka. Osawopa chifuwa chochepa. Imachulukana bwino pogawa chitsamba ndi kudula.
- Sisolistic saxifraga, kapena cesium (S. Caesia) ndi mbadwa za m'miyala ya Carpathian (kumapiri a Alpine ndi subalpine). Timapepala tating'ono, tokhala ngati mawonekedwe. Limamasula mu Julayi-Ogasiti ndi maluwa oyera. Ndizovuta kwambiri kusamalira, osavomerezeka kwa oyamba kumene wamaluwa.
Masanjidwe Ligulatae
Kudzala kwa Saxifraga ndi chithunzi
- Saxifraga longifolia (Saxifraga longifolia Lapeyr) ikugwa kumapiri a Pyrenees. Imodzi mwampweya wamtali kwambiri - mpaka 60 cm. Masamba ndi obiriwira otuwa, maluwa ndi oyera, ndi pakati pofiirira. Limamasula mu June ndi Julayi. Zoyambitsidwa mchikhalidwe kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17.
- Saxifrage colearis (Saxifraga cochlearis). Osakhazikika, ndikupanga mapilo okongola amtundu-wobiriwira. Maluwa mu Meyi-Julayi ndi maluwa oyera pamaudzu ofiira.
- Saxifraga cotyledon, kapena bogweed (Saxifraga cotyledon) Malo okhala zachilengedwe amapezeka m'maiko a Scandinavia, ku Southern Alps ndi Central Pyrenees. Openwork inflorescence imawonekera mu June pamatayala mpaka masentimita 60. Ndiye yekha saxifrage onse amene amakonda dothi lamasamba. Copepod imafalitsidwa ndi njere zamwana ndi ana. Anasamukira kumunda kuyambira theka laka la 17. Nthawi zina imamera ngati chikhalidwe cha poto pawindo.
- Saxifrage ndi mantha, apo ayi - wolimba, kapena chamuyaya (Saxifraga paniculata Mill. = S. aizoon Jacq). Kufikira pamtunda wa 4-8 masentimita. Maluwa oyera achikasu. Amakonda kuchuluka kwa calcium mu nthaka, kuthirira pafupipafupi. M'chilimwe, amatha kufalitsa pogawa ma rhizomes.
Masanjidwe Amtundu
Ulimi wa Saxifrage
- Pencilfish Saxifraga (Saxifraga pennsytvanica). Koyambira ku North America, komwe kumapezeka madambo otentha. Sichikhala ndi ma rug akulu: imakonda kupezeka ndi tchire lamphamvu lokhalokha, kapena ngati magulu ochepa. Limamasula mu Julayi. Maluwa ndi obiriwira.
- Saxifrage hawk-leaved (Saxifraga hieracifolia). Imapezeka ku Carpathians ndi Alps. Maluwa ndi ofiira kapena obiriwira. Kutalika, chomera chilichonse ndichilendo - palinso 5cs kutalika, palinso 50 cm! Zobzalidwa mumiyala imawoneka yosangalatsa: chomera chachitali kwambiri chotsika. Patsani mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Manchurian saxifrage (Saxifraga manshuriensis). Mlendo wochokera ku Primorsky Territory amakulira kumeneko nkhalango. Maluwa - mu Julayi-August. Kufalikira ndi mbewu.
Kubzala kwa Saxifraga ndi kusamalira poyera
Wopanda mbewu
- Ma saxifrage ambiri amakonda kumera m'malo opanda mthunzi. Dzuwa lowala kwa ambiri a iwo silovomerezeka.
- Kutsirira ndikofunikira chimodzimodzi. Mitundu ina imatha kugwa popanda kuthirira ngakhale pakakhala chilala chochepa.
- Kuti "mat" awonekere bwino, muyenera kumayeretsa pafupipafupi kuchokera ku ma fudasitala onyowa.
- Saxifrage imangophatikizidwa ndi ma feteleza ovuta a mchere. Samaloleza organic. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti chomera chokhala ndi overfid hibernates bwino ndipo chimakhala pachiwopsezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri, makamaka bowa.
- M'mitundu yambiri ya hardness ya saxifrage yozizira ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, pakati pa msewu wapakatikati, wokhala ndi chipale chofewa, chomwe chimakhala chisanu, nthawi yayitali chimadulidwacho, ndipo chizungulirocho chimakutidwa ndi masamba kapena masamba okhala ndi dimba. Leus humus mchaka ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Kulima kwa saxifrage kuchokera ku mbewu ndi magawano, kudula
Kukhazikitsa saxifrage mu nthaka
Momwe mungakulire saxifrage kuchokera ku mbewu. Zofesedwa nthawi yozizira, popeza mbewu zamitundu yambiri zimafunikira stratation (yozizira) ya mbeu kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi iwiri. Ngati mulibe chitsimikizo kapena chofunikira pa mbewu za mitundu yanu, musachite manyazi: kuyanjana sikungawononge kumera. Mbewuzo zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndikufalikira pamtunda wosakanizika ndi dothi.
Chotengera chija chimatengedwa kupita kumunda ndikuyikamo matalala, kapena kuyikamo firiji ya ndiwo zamasamba (madigiri 3-4). Nthawi yozizira ikatha, sinthani chidebe kuchipindacho ndikuchiyika pawindo lowoneka bwino. Kuwombera kumawoneka kosasiyananso. Ndi kukula kwa masamba enieni, mbande mbande. Ndi isanayambike kutentha kosatha, dzalani m'mundamo.
- Tchire la saxifrage limagawidwa, nthawi zambiri mu Ogasiti.
- Zigawo za mwana wamkazi zingabzalidwe nthawi yonseyi yokulira. Ndikofunika kuti okhwima mokwanira ndi kuthekera kwakudziyimira pawokha.
- Zodula zitha kufalikira mu June-Julayi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Saxifrage poyera chithunzi
Monga tanena kale, munthu sayenera kuloleza kuzimiririka kwanthawi yayitali m'zigawo za mizu ya saxifrage. Izi zikuwoneka ndikukula kwa matenda am'mimba ndi maonekedwe a mitundu yonse ya zowola, komwe kuchiritsa mbewu, makamaka, sikugwira ntchito.
Mwa tizirombo, saxifrage, nthata za ma spider ndi ma aphid amatha kuwopseza saxifrages. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyenera ophera tizirombo, mankhwalawa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa.
M'mapangidwe
Saxifraga zinthu zikukula
Malo abwino a saxifrage ndi munda wamiyala, phiri lamapiri. Chimbudzichi chidzakongoletsanso malire mosakanikirana ndi zomera zina zotsika - miyala, miphika, miyala yocheperako.
About kanema wa chomera wa saxifrage:
