Mitundu ya areca ya kanjedza imayimiridwa ndi mbewu zokongola kwambiri, mwayi waukulu womwe ndi kukongola kwa ma silhouettes. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri timatcha mtengo wa mgwalangwa wa chrysalidocarpus kukhala wosiyanako, zonse zachilengedwe komanso mtengo wake wa mafakitale, ma arecs enieni amazindikiridwa poyamba. Sangathe kuwerengedwa pakati pa mbewu zotchuka kwambiri zamkati, koma m'njira zambiri ndi imodzi mwosavuta kukula nyenyezi zazikuluzikulu za kanjedza. Areca ili ndi zabwino zambiri, ndipo palibenso zophophonya, kupatula chikondi cha chinyezi. Mtengo wa kanjedza uwu umayenera kutchuka kwambiri ndikuwonetsa mkati mwa nyumbayi ngati zofukiza zazikulu.
Areca chikasu (Areca lutescens), kapena Gioforba indica (Hyophorbe indica). © Kyle WicombNdiwayiwala acaecechu ndi amayi ake achimayi
Mtengo wa betel, womwe umatchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zopatsa thanzi, pomwe ma betel apamwamba amakumbidwa, umakhalabe ndi zofunikira ngakhale mutakula m'nyumba. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri zoyeretsa mpweya, zimalowetsa poyizoni ndikuwonjezera mpweya wa okosijeni. Koma zokongoletsera zabwino za ma arek ndizambiri.
Areca (Areca) - - mitengo yayikulu ya kanjedza yaku India. Kwa onse kupatula, tsinde lopyapyala, lopanda nthambi lokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso mphete zokongola zomwe zimasiyidwa kuchokera kum masamba adagwa zimadziwika pokhapokha ngati zili ndi zaka. Ma areca achichepere amawoneka ngati masamba okongola, ndipo pokhapokha mutayang'anitsitsa mungaone zomwe zimayambira. Zomera zikamakula, masamba amakula, ndipo zakale kwambiri ndi zachikhalidwe chachilengedwe, zimangopezeka pamwamba pa mphukira.
Mu areca ang'ono pansi pa tsinde, pamtunda mungathe kuwona mtundu wa zipatso, pomwe masamba amakula. Sizingavulazidwe: pakapita nthawi, mwana wosabadwayo amadzilekanitsa yekha pamene kanjedza limasungitsa zonse zofunikira pazakudya zomwe zimakhala.
Masamba ndiye mwayi wabwino kwambiri wazomera. Pokhala ndi maluwa okongola, amapanga mizere yokongola modabwitsa, amakhala pa petioles lalifupi koma lalifupi, lomwe limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo, monga ma kanjedza ambiri, cirrus. Wokhala ngati lamba kapena lanceolate, wopapatiza komanso wolimba wa masamba akulu a wai, chifukwa cha malo omwe amakhala komanso malo owoneka bwino, akuwoneka opatsika, modabwitsa. Zidutswa za masamba a areca zimapangidwa kupatula mbali yayikulu ya rachis. Pazikhalidwe zamkati, areca sikhala pachimake, ndipo ngakhale m'minda yaminda yosungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo obiriwira zimakhala zosatheka kuyembekezera kumasulidwa kwa inflabcob cob yomwe ili pansi pa korona mu zipsera za masamba akale ndikufika pafupifupi 1 m kutalika.
Areca tri-stamen (Areca triandra). © Kyle WicombMwa mitundu 10 yachilengedwe ya areca, mitundu itatu yokha ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mchikhalidwe. Komanso, chizindikiro cha mbewu zonse ndidakhalapo Areca Catechu (Areca catechu) - mtengo wa kanjedza wopatsa modabwitsa, wodziwika bwino monga kanjedza betel. Amakula mpaka 20 m mwachilengedwe, ndipo chikhalidwe cha chipinda chimakhala chotalika mpaka 3 m, ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimapanga thunthu ndi mainchesi angapo masentimita ndi kutulutsa zazitali kwambiri, zokongola zazitali, kutalika kwake komwe kumatha kufika 1.5-2 m. Areca Catechu ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera. Wodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi utali wautali kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa areca catechu, palinso chikaso areca (Areca maulonda, lero adasinthasintha mtundu wina wa kanjedza - Gioforba Indica (hyophorbe indica mtundu Gioforba (Hyophorbe)) ndi atatu-stalk areca (Areca triandra) Yotsirizirayi ndi chomera mpaka 2m kutalika ndi thunthu loonda ndipo masamba ake molunjika akufika mpaka 1.5 metres. Magawo amtundu wa cirrus vai amatha kufikira 1 mita kutalika (ndipo, kuphatikiza, ndiotalikirana, nthawi zina mpaka 5 cm). Chingwechi, mosiyana ndi malo ena onse a areca, sangatulutse chimodzi, koma zimayambira 2-3. Malo okongola achikasu ndi achikulungika, ndipo amakulunga kwambiri ndipo masamba ake amawumbika mpakautali wa 1.5 m wokhala ndi zigawo zokhazikika bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zovuta.
Areca tri-stamen (Areca triandra), kapena Gioforba indica (Hyophorbe indica). © Kyle Wicomb 
Areca catechu (Areca catechu), kapena Betel kanjedza. © seabreezenurseries 
Areca chikasu (Areca lutescens), kapena Gioforba indica (Hyophorbe indica). © Jungle RebelAreca chisamaliro kunyumba
Areca, mawonekedwe ake komanso mawonekedwe a kukula, amatchedwa mitengo ya kanjedza. Kuti mukule chomera ichi, ndikokwanira kudziwa zosachepera zosamalitsa za aliyense woimira awa zimphona zakunyumba. Chimodzi mwamaubwino amasiko ndichikhalidwe chake pakuwunikira komanso kutentha kwanyumba. Zomwe zimafunikira kuti zitheke ndikupereka areca ndi mpweya wocheperako komanso chinyezi chocheperako chilichonse. Chovuta chokha ndikusankha malo oyenerera a areca. Mtengo wa mgwalangwa ndi wa zipinda zokulirapo, zipinda zokhala ndi denga lokwanira bwino lomwe limagogomezera malo ndikupatsa ulemu kwambiri pakukhazikitsidwa kwina kulikonse.
Areca ndichikhalidwe chakupha, koma chowopsa kwambiri ndi zipatso zake, zomwe mkati mwake simumangidwa. Masamba amatha kukhala poizoni pokhapokha atagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati komanso pachifuwa. Koma kupatsirana ndi njira zina sikutanthauza kusamala konse.
Kuyatsa kwa Areca Catechu
Areca catechu, monga mitundu ina iwiri ya areca, ngakhale muchipinda chikhalidwe chikhalabe chomera. Ndikwabwino kupereka malo ndi nyali zowala bwino za kanjedza. Mtengo wa kanjedza umatha kupirira dzuwa molunjika nthawi yamadzulo ndi m'mawa, koma osapitirira maola 1-2. Zomwe zimawopsa kwambiri ndi mitengo ya kanjedza yaying'ono yazaka 1 mpaka 6, yomwe kuchokera ku kuwala kowala imalandira kuwala kadzuwa ndipo siyabwino kubwezeretsa. Koma kumbali inayo, areca amayankha bwino kuchepetsedwa kwa kuunika kwa nyengo yozizira ndipo musavutike kwambiri ngati mulibe mwayi wokusunthira kanjira kumalo owunikiridwa kwambiri. Mthunzi wa areca, catechu samakula.
Kuti muchite bwino kukula kwa areca ndikuwonetsa kukongola kwa masamba awo, muyenera kutembenuza mbewuzo nthawi zonse mogwirizana ndi gwero la kuwala, chifukwa kanjedza limadalira kuwala ndipo korona wake amatembenukira kumawa. Ngati mumatsegula mphikawo nthawi zonse pa sabata limodzi, kumangoyenda mbali imodzi, mupanga yunifolomu, korona wodabwitsa komanso kukwaniritsa masamba owoneka bwino.
Areca catechu (Areca catechu), kapena Betel kanjedza. © Vivero de PalmasKutentha kosangalatsa
Mphamvu yotentha ya bwalo loyenera iyenera kukhala yotentha momwe mungathere. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitengo ya kanjedza yokonda kutentha, yomwe imamva bwino kutentha. Kutentha kokwanira kumadera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri kwa areca kungatheke kokha m'chilimwe. Mtunduwu umakhala womasuka kwambiri kutentha kwa madigiri 30 ndi kupitilira apo. Koma nthawi yomweyo, simuyenera kuchita mantha ndi mtundu uwu wa kanjedza. Areca catechu amatha kusinthana ndi nyengo yocheperako. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe eni ake amayenera kusamalira ndikuteteza mbewu kuti isatsike ndi madigiri 18 Celsius komanso kuzizira kwa kutentha (makamaka nyengo yozizira). Areca kwenikweni ilibe nthawi yopumira; sizifunikira kuchepetsa kutentha nyengo yozizira ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono. Kumakhala kotentha, ndibwino.
Ngakhale kuti manja awa amagwiranso ntchito ngati mpweya wabwino, ayenera kutetezedwa ku zojambulajambula, makamaka panthawi yozizira. Koma chipinda chokha, momwe mtengo wa kanjedza uwu ulili, chimayenera kupatsidwamo pafupipafupi.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Kwa areca, ndikofunikira kupereka chisamaliro chokhazikika, chophatikiza makamaka kuthirira. Mtengo wa mgwalangwayu umakumana ndi mavuto ambiri osati kumangokhalira kuthilira madzi, komanso kuthirira nthawi yayitali. Komabe, nawonso areca sakonda kunyowa, komanso kuyimitsa pang'ono kwa gawo lapansi. Kwa mtengo wa kanjedza uwu, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zamadzi nthawi zonse, onetsetsani kuwunika kwa gawo lapansi. Nthaka zomwe zili mumtsuko ziyenera kuuma mpaka masentimita 2-3, kenako mutha kuthirira.
Koma mphindi yovuta kwambiri kuthirira areca catechu ndikusankhidwa kwa madzi omwewo. Chingwe chomwe chimakhala cholakwika kwambiri kuchokera kubanja chimasanduka madzi olimba. Kwa areca, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito osangoyimilira, koma mvula, madzi osungunuka kapena kusungunuka. Ngati palibe mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito madzi osalala kwambiri, ndiye kuti madontho ochepa a mandimu kapena viniga yazipatso zilizonse ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi madziwo kuthirira, omwe akhala akuimirira kwa masiku atatu.
Areca sangafe m malo mchipindamo ndipo amalekerera ngakhale mpweya wouma bwino, koma zimakhudza kukopa kwa masamba. Kwa mtengo wa kanjedza, ndikofunikira kupereka zofunikira ndi zisonyezo zochepa za chinyezi, zomwe ndizosavuta kusunga pongopopera masamba. Ngati kuli kotheka kukhazikitsa manyowa, Areca adzakuthokozani chifukwa cha masamba owoneka bwino ndi utoto wambiri.
Areca catechu (Areca catechu). © Nick CZovala za kanjedza za Betel
Feteleza wa areca catechu ndi abale ake samangokhala nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, koma chaka chonse. Mtengo wa kanjedza uwu, ndikokwanira kuchita kuvala kovomerezeka ndi nthawi imodzi 1 m'masabata awiri mu nthawi yogwira ndi nthawi 1 pamwezi nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yachisanu. Feteleza wathunthu wazonse kapena zosakaniza zapadera za mitengo ya kanjedza ndizoyenera bwino ku areca.
Kudulira kwa Areca
Kudulira mitengo ya kanjedza kuchokera ku mtundu wa Arek sikuletsedwa kotheratu. Masamba odulira amatha kupangitsa kuti mbewu zisafe. Ngakhale kuzimiririka, masamba okhudzidwa nawonso amafunika kufupikitsidwa kokha kuti mukhale ndi wathanzi, ndikusiya mbali yakuuma patsogolo pawo. Kudula masamba athunthu chifukwa cha malo akunyumba kumatha kubweretsa mavuto, osatchula kufalikira kwa matenda.
Areca tri-stamen (Areca triandra). © tropikThirani ndi gawo lapansi
Gawo la Areca catechu ndilosavuta kusankha. Monga mitengo yambiri ya kanjedza, imafunikira gawo lonyowa, lopatsa thanzi komanso lofanana. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya kanjedza ndikuti imakula bwino mu dothi lokhazikika, koma dothi losavomerezeka limavomerezedwa, pokhapokha ngati madzi amayang'aniridwa. Ndikofunika kusankha gawo lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi mitengo ya kanjedza ya areca kapena gwiritsani ntchito kusakaniza kwina kulikonse kophatikizidwa ndi chakudya cham'mafupa, pearse peat, bark ya pine, makala kapena zinthu zina zomasuka. Mwachitsanzo, chisakanizo chokhazikika pamtunda wa sod ndi abwino kwa areca, pomwe theka la pepalalo ndi peat limawonjezeredwa ndi 4 kuchulukitsa mchenga ndi humus.
Areca catechu ikhoza kuikidwa kokha mu kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa yogwira kukula, pakuwonjezeka kolimba kwa kutalika kwa maola masana. Ngakhale mitengo ya kanjedza yaying'ono siikonzedwa chaka chilichonse, koma pofunikira. Chizindikiro choti kanjedza liyenera kukulitsa ndikudzaza gawo lapansi ndi mizu. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kusamalira dothi lonyowa mosamala, yesetsani kupewa kulumikizana ndi mizu yaying'ono ndikusunga dothi lonse osakhudzidwa. Chinsinsi chofutira ndikupanga chosanjikiza chambiri pansi pamphika. Mukabzala, onetsetsani kuti muzu wa kanjedza umakhalabe womwewo. Palibe chifukwa chakuti iyenera kuyikidwa m'manda, choncho lingalirani za nthaka.
Ngati munagula ma areca obzalidwa mumphika wazomera zingapo kuti mupangitse kulimba, ndiye kuti musasiyanitse mbewuzo. Zotsatira za kuvutikira ngakhale gawo laling'ono la mizu, kanjedza lirilonse limatha kufa, ndipo kudzipatula ndi kuvulala kwakukulu kungayambitse chiopsezo chotaya gulu lonse. M'tsogolo, ndikofunikira kukulitsa areca komanso pagulu lolimba, popanda kudzipatula.
Pambuyo Thirani, areca amafunika nthawi yosinthira. Musanayambirenso zizindikiro za kukula kwa mbewu, ndikofunikira kugwira masiku osachepera otentha, kugwedezeka, ndi chinyezi chokhazikika ndikupereka chisamaliro chokhazikika pakakhala chinyezi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Areca catechu, monga mitundu ina yonse, imakonda kwambiri tizirombo ta m'nyumba. Pakakhala zabwino kapena pafupi ndi zomera zodwala, imatha kukhala kachilombo ka mealybug, whitefly, nthata za kangaude, makamaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zomera ndizofunikira kuyang'ana pafupipafupi, chifukwa kungodziwitsa tizirombo kumayambiriro koyambirira kumapewe zilonda zazikulu zomwe zimawopseza kufa kwa mitengo ya kanjedza. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za tizirombo, ndikofunikira kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizirombo, chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwa tizilombo kuchokera pamasamba sikothandiza kwambiri.
Mwa matenda, kuwola kwa mizu, komwe akulimbana nako ndikusintha kwakukulu, ndiye kowopsa kwambiri pa ma arecs onse. Kuyika kwadzidzidzi mtengo wa kanjedza sikovomerezeka ndipo nthawi zonse kumabweretsa imfa.
Areca chikasu (Areca lutescens), kapena Gioforba indica (Hyophorbe indica). © David MonniauxMavuto omwe akukula:
- kuyanika kwa nsonga za masamba chifukwa cha mpweya wouma, kuyanika kwa gawo lapansi kapena kutentha pang'ono;
- tsamba likuwonongeka, kusinthasintha ndi kuwunikira kowunikira;
- tsamba lofiirira ndi chinyezi chambiri cha gawo lapansi.
Kubereketsa kwa Areca
Kufalitsa kwa Areca chifukwa chomvetsetsa kwambiri kuvulala kwa rhizome ndi kulolerana kosawerengeka kungachitike kokha ndi mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zogulidwa sizimamera nthawi zonse. Zitha kufesedwa pokhapokha ngati nthawi ya masika kapena chilimwe, mu gawo lopangidwira mitengo ya kanjedza, poyiphatikiza ndi mfuti yotsuka ndikuonetsetsa kuti ikuphimba mbewu ndi galasi kapena filimu. Zofunikira zazikulu kumera ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi chokhazikika.
