Guatemala ndi Mexico amadziwika kuti ndiwo malo obzala maluwa okongola awa. Ku Old World, dahlias adawoneka m'zaka za XVIII, pomwe adayamba kuchita bwino kubzala kwawo ndi chisamaliro poyera. Maluwa nthawi yomweyo adapereka mayina awiri - dahlia ndi dahlia. Mtengowo udalandira dzina lake loyamba kulemekeza katswiri wotchuka wochokera ku Sweden - A. Dahl, ndipo wachiwiri - wasayansi wochokera ku St. Petersburg - I. G. Georgi.
Mitundu yamaluwa
Dahlia ndi maluwa okongola. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ilinso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mpaka pano, asayansi ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 30 ndi mitundu pafupifupi 15,000 ya dahlia.
Asayansi a Botany agawa maluwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Zosavuta.
- Anemone.
- Khola.
- Pion.
- Zokongoletsa.
- Zozungulira.
- Pompom.
- Cactus (singano).
- Semi-cactus.
- Zachikachik
- Zosakanikirana - mitundu ina yosaphatikizidwa m'magulu am'mbuyomu.
Makongoletsedwe okongola a dahlias amitundu yosiyanasiyana (yoyera, burgundy, yofiyira, yapinki, kirimu ndi ena ambiri) ndizokongoletsa m'minda yathu yachilimwe.
Maloto a obereketsa ndi dahlia yamtambo. Komabe, zoyesayesa za botanists sizinakhalepo korona.
Komabe, maluwa osalala awa salekerera nyengo yozizira yaku Russia, kotero iwo amene akufuna kusangalala ndi kukongola kwa masamba awo owala nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ayenera kubzala ma tubers chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, ku Dera la Moscow, dahlias ikhoza kubzalidwa malo otseguka mkati mwa Meyi. Koma kudziko lakwawo - ku Latin America - duwa lokongola modabwitsa ili ndi losatha.
Kubzala Dahlias poyera
Njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri yolimira dahlias ndikubzala ndi kusamalira poyera.
Kukonza malo
Dothi la maluwa limakololedwa pasadakhale. Konzani dothi lodzala dahlia nyengo yozizira isanakwane. M'dzinja, dziko lapansi limakumbidwa ndikuthira feteleza mmenemo - mwina kompositi kapena humus, zomwe zimawonjezeredwa panthaka 4 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi2.
Pakatikati, nthaka imagundidwanso, ndikusakanikirana kompositi ndi phulusa, zomwe zimabalalitsa mbali yonse ya bedi la maluwa. Kenako nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa ndikuyika. Feteleza amathanso kuwonjezeredwa kuzitsime zakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe.
Dahlias amabzalidwa kasupe mu nthaka ndi mawonekedwe otayirira. Kukulitsa kupezeka kwake ndi chonde kumathandiza miyala, mchenga wamtsinje, slag yophwanyika. Madzi oterowo amateteza mbewu ku chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa nkhungu komanso kuwola.
Dahlia imatsitsa nthaka mwachangu, motero siyiyenera kubzalidwa pamalo amodzi zaka ziwiri motsatana.
Ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ichitidwe pang'ono kapena asidi. Limu yosenda imawonjezeredwa ku dothi lokhazikika, peat pang'ono kuti zamchere.
Kukonzekera kwa Tuber
Tubers la dahlias omwe cholinga chake ndi kubzala poyera - ayenera chisamaliro chapadera. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Epulo, mizu yoyambira isunthidwe kuchokera kumalo osungirako zinyalala, ndipo malo omwe awonongeka akuyenera kuchotsedwa. Ikani m'mabokosi, kuphimba theka ndi dothi labwino, peat, mchenga, utuchi. Khosi la muzu limasiyidwa lotseguka. Nthawi ndi nthawi kuthirira gawo lapansi. Pakupita pafupifupi masiku khumi, maso adzaoneka. Chotsani mizu ya nthaka m'nthaka, gwedezani, valani zolimba.
Tsitsi loonda la mpeniyo liyenera kukhathamiritsidwa ndi njira ya manganese kapena calcten pamoto. Ndi chidutswa cholunjika, gawani tsinde m'magawo anayi. Aliyense delenka ayenera kukhala ndi mizu ingapo ndikukula kamodzi kokha, chifukwa sichingathe kumera. Gawo limakonkhedwa ndi kaboni yophwanyika. Sungani tubers mu wowonjezera kutentha mpaka mizu.
Pafupifupi masiku 30 asanagwetsedwe, zinthu zobzala zimachotsedwa posungira. Mizuyo imatsukidwa minofu yowonongeka, ikumwaza odulidwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Mutha kuchiza chikhalidwechi ndi maziko a msingi, kapena kugwirira kwa mphindi 17 mpaka 18 mu njira yofooka ya manganese. Kupitilira apo, timatumba tomwe timakonzedwa timayikidwa mum'zitsulo wochepa kwambiri wothira pansi ndi mchenga wamtsinje.
Poyamba, zotengera zimasungidwa pamalo otentha, otetezedwa, kumatsirira pang'ono. Zikamera zikakhala zazitali kupitirira 2 cm, zimasunthidwa kumalo opepuka. Kuthirira zikumera sikofunikira kwenikweni, kumangoyenera kunyowetsa nthaka. Amabzalidwa khumi zoyambirira za Meyi. Palibe chifukwa chobisa.
Kodi ndibwino liti kubzala dahlias panthaka yophukira? Nthawi yobzala ikugwirizana ndi nyengo yam'derali. Kwa Russia wapakatikati, iyi ndi zaka eyitatu za Meyi. Za zigawo zakumwera - Epulo. Kumpoto - chiyambi cha chilimwe.
Kubzala dahlias panthaka ku Siberia ndikuwasamalira kuyenera kuchitika m'zaka khumi za Juni.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba
Chikhalidwechi chimakonda kutentha, motero ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera. Bedi la maluwa liyenera kukhala pamalo otentha omwe sanaikidwe.
Mitundu ina imakhala ndi tsinde lalitali kwambiri, lomwe limachoka mosavuta kumphepo yamphamvu. Mitundu yotere imafunikira thandizo - mitengo yamatanda, 1.5-2 mita kukwera. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa pasadakhale.
Malo abwino: pafupi ndi khoma, kum'mwera kwa nyumbayo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala maluwa pafupi ndi gulu la zitsamba ndi mitengo m'dera lokwanira. Komabe, mitengo yomwe ili pafupi ndi maluwa siyiyenera kupereka mthunzi wandiweyani, chifukwa dahlias amakonda kuwala. Maluwa achikondi chaulere amenewa sioyenera kutchera komanso kutuluka.
Poyamba, malowa amawokedwa, zitsime zikakonzedwa. Tubers timabzalidwa panthaka, pomwepo timakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza nthaka masentimita angapo. Ma tubers ayenera kuperekedwa ndi dzuwa lokwanira komanso kuthirira pang'ono.
Palinso njira ina yofalitsira chikhalidwe ichi - zodulidwa. Koma iyi ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yabwino. Ndipo ngati mukusamala ndi ntchito izi, ndiye kuti mutha kumera chomera pachaka, izi:
- ColtnessHybrids;
- Redskin;
- Rigoletto;
- Mkuyu.
Mbewu zofesedwa poyera mkati mwa Meyi, ndipo pachimake pofika pakati pa Ogasiti. Kuti maluwa athenso, mbewuzo zimayenera kuphuka.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga mizu muzu
Dahlias obzalidwa panthaka mu kugwa amafunikanso chisamaliro. Chisanu chisanachitike, chitsamba chimayenera kudula ndipo masamba omwe ali pansi pa tsinde ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musathamangire kukumba tubers! Gawo pansi likamwalira, ndiye kuti limadulidwa, ndipo timizere tatsalira pansi. Pakupita milungu iwiri, peel yawo imakhala yolimba komanso yowuma. Ndipo pokhapokha chifukwa cha chisanu choyamba (isanayambike kuzizira kwakukulu) mizu yakeyo ikadzakumbidwa ndikuzazidwa. Izi zimachitika m'mawa, kotero kuti masana amawuma mumlengalenga.
Zomera zobzala zimasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, m'bokosi lophatikizika ndi zosakaniza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo lapansi, vermiculite, mchenga, utuchi, peat. Chinyontho chokwanira cha chipindacho ndi 60-70%.
Pukutani mosungirako nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mu Januwale, ndikofunikira kupendanso tubers kuti mulekanitse zazikulu. Ngati madera okhudzidwa apezeka, ndikofunikira kuwachotsa, ndipo odulidwayo akuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi njira yotsatsira yobiriwira yamafuta (mutha kuwiritsa kaboni yophwanyika).
Tizilombo zoyipa
Adani akuluakulu a chomera ndi:
- nsabwe za m'masamba;
- lazg;
- kachilomboka;
- mbozi
- khutu;
- ndi zina zotero
Pofuna kuthana ndi ma slgs, dziko lapansi limakonkhedwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo. Kuchokera pa nsabwe za m'masamba - viyikani ndikuwombera mu sopo kapena kuwaza ndi yankho la chloroethanol la 0.2%. Nyengo yotentha imakondanso kukula kwa kangaude, komwe kumakhudza masamba am'munsi. Amasanduka achikasu, owuma ndi kufa. Chikhalidwe chodwala chimathiriridwa ndi celtan (0.2%). Motsutsana ndi tizirombo, decoction wa celandine ndi chowawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala marigolds pafupi ndi dahlias - tizirombo tambiri sitilekerera fungo lawo.
Chifukwa chake, miyala yamtengo wapatali ya dahlias imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, maluwa okongola ataliatali. Malingana ndi malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa, mutha kukula bwino maluwa awa mumaluwa anu.
