Tsikas - zokwirira

Kutanthauzira dzina lachi Greek Cykas (Kykas) kumatanthauza kanjedza, mwachiwonekere, chifukwa cha kufanana kwazomera izi. Mtundu wina ndi wochokera ku dzina lachi Greek la chakumwa chotsitsimutsa cha kykeon, chomwe chimaphatikizapo sago, chochokera ku ma cycads. Kuyambira kalekale, anthu okhala pachilumbachi amalima mitengo ya kanjedza, ndipo amagwiritsanso ntchito mbewu zamtchire kutulutsa starch (sago).

Tsikas (Cycas) amadziwika ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri - kuchokera ku China ndi Japan kupita ku India komanso Pacific Islands ndi Australia. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwambiri pankhani zamitundu kumawonedwa ku Southeast Asia. Mtundu umodzi wa Cycas umapezeka ku Madagascar komanso kugombe lakummawa kwa Africa.

Chomera chakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Cycas (cicadas) amatanthauza zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi, chifukwa izi ndi zotsalira za unyinji wa mbewu, zomwe zinafalikira Padziko Lonse Lapansi. Mu nyengo zachilengedwe, cycas imamera m'mitengo yayikulu.

Kwa mtundu wa Tsikas, kapena Cycas palinso mitundu 10 ya mbewu za banja la Zamiev. Kugawidwa kumalo otentha kummawa kwa dziko (India, Pacific Islands, Mascaren, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Java, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Indochina Peninsula, Northeast Australia).

Oimira amtunduwu amakhala wobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi thunthu lambiri, lalifupi, mpaka 1.5-3 m (nthawi zina 10 m), nthawi zambiri mphanda; magawo apansi panthaka ndi onyansa. Thunthu lokhala ndi khungwa lakuda, pakati lalikulu lopaka zambiri, lopakidwa ndi mamba komanso zotsalira za masamba petioles. Masamba ndi akulu, mpaka 3 m kutalika, mapinidwe, osachulukitsa bicinnatus, amawonekera pachaka zingapo kapena zingapo, omwe amakhala pamwamba ndikusinthana ndi masamba osalimba omwe amawaphimba mu impso (zaka 2-3 zimatsalira); masamba achichepere (pomwe akuwonekera) akunga, ma pubescent, pambuyo pake - kuwongola, kubala; timapepala totsogola, tating'ono-lanceolate, m'mphepete mwake, achikopa. yokhala ndi minyewa yapakati yapakati (yopanda ofananira nawo), yopanda mawonekedwe, yokhazikika, yonse, yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zochepa; Zotsikitsitsa zimanka kuminga.

Zomera zam'madzi. Ma cell (megasporophylls - achikazi ndi ma microstrobils - amuna) ndi apical kapena amakhala pafupi ndi pamwamba, osakwatiwa kapena angapo.

Wowuma wambiri (mpaka 45%) umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakatikati pa thunthu la cicassa ndi mbewu, zomwe zimapita kukakonza chinthu chapadera - sago, chomwe mbewuzi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "mitengo ya kanjedza". Mwanjira yake yaiwisi, mbali zonse za chomeracho ndizopanda poizoni, koma kwa okhala m'deralo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosafunikira pokonzekera sago, ichi ndi chakudya chofunikira.

Pakati pazomera zofanana ndi mitengo ya kanjedza, cicasa ndi amodzi mwa malo oyamba. Osati popanda chifukwa pa nthawi ina katswiri wazachipembedzo wa ku Sweden Karl Linney, atasocheretsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi awa, adamupatsa dzina lachi Latin kuchokera ku Greek "kykas" - "kanjedza" ndikuyika pamodzi ndi ma cypress ena mu machitidwe ake pakati pa mitengo ya kanjedza.

Pogula cicasa, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti ichi ndi chomera chosafunikira chomwe chimafuna kutsatira malamulo ogwidwa. Ndikwabwino kuti tisabzale chomera cha kubzala maluwa.

Mawonekedwe

Kutentha: Pakathi, cicada imalekerera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, imakula muzipinda zonse zofunda ndi zofunda. M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka yoziziritsa kukhosi pa kutentha kwa 12-16 ° C, osachepera 8 ° C. Ndikofunika m'chilimwe kukonzanso mphika ndi Cycas kukhonde kapena m'mundamo, pamalo pomwe pali kuyatsa kwofananira kuchokera kumbali zonse ndi kutetezedwa ndi mphepo.

Zowunikira: Kuwala kowala, ndipo nthawi yachisanu ndi chirimwe imasungidwa pamalo owala kwambiri. Chimayenerera bwino mawindo akumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo.

Kuthirira: Wochuluka mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, wofatsa nthawi yozizira. Tsikas simalola kusayenda kwamadzi mumphika. Mukathirira, madzi sayenera kuloledwa kulowa mu cicas, chifukwa imakhala ndi masamba, ndipo chinyezi chimatha kubola.

Feteleza: Munthawi ya kukula kwambiri - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, cicas amadyetsedwa masabata awiri aliwonse ndi manyowa apadera a mitengo ya kanjedza kapena feteleza wina wazomera zam'mimba. Feteleza siliyenera kukhala ndi mchere wamchere ndi magnesium.

Chinyezi chamlengalenga: Amakonda mpweya wonyowa, choncho muyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, makamaka nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yozizira nyengo yotentha. Mutha kuyika pansi pa shawa ofunda, kuphimba dothi mumphika ndi pulasitiki.

Thirani: Zomera zazing'ono zimasungidwa mpaka zaka 5 pachaka, zaka zoposa 5 - zitatha zaka 4-5. Nthaka - magawo awiri a dongo lopepuka, gawo limodzi la humus, tsamba limodzi, 1 gawo la peat, mbali imodzi ya mchenga ndi makala ena. Kukhetsa bwino kumafunika. Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti kondomu siikumbidwe pansi.

Ntchito: Ana omwe amawonekera pamtengo wa mayi. Mukachotsa mwana, gawo limakonkhedwa ndi imvi kapena makala ophwanyika. Mwanayo amawuma kwa masiku angapo ndikuwobzala m'maso osakanikirana ndi tsamba ndi peat nthaka ndi mchenga, kuthilira madzi pang'ono, pang'ono kunyowetsa nthaka. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi akuwunda ndi mizu. Zimafalitsidwanso ndi mbeu - ndiotenthetsa nthaka. Kuwombera kumawonekera pakatha mwezi umodzi kapena awiri.

Chisamaliro

Tsikas imakonda kuwala kosalala kowoneka bwino, komwe kumakhala dzuwa linalake, imakhala yoyenera kumera pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kummawa, imatha kumera pazenera lakumpoto. Pazenera zakum'mwera chakumapeto, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizisokoneza mchenga kuchokera kuwuwongola dzuwa. M'dzinja, mutha kuyika mbewu panja, pamalo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa ladzuwa. Kumbukirani kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuzolowera mbewu pang'onopang'ono kuunikira kwatsopano.

Mawonekedwe abwino otentha ndiofunikira kwambiri kwa cicasa. Munthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe, mbewu zimakonda kutentha pang'ono (22-26 ° C). Kutentha kwambiri m'dzinja-nthawi yozizira ya Tsikas yokhotakhota 10-12 ° C, chifukwa Tsikas inapendekera pang'ono - 16-18 ° C. Ngati nthawi yozizira imapatsa chisanu chisoni, imadwala, ndipo masamba ena amatha.

Cicada imathiriridwa pang'ono kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, kulola gawo lapansi kuti liume mpaka masentimita 2 mpaka 4, kutengera kukula kwa poto, koma kuletsa kuyanika kwa nthawi yayitali. M'nyengo yozizira, amathiriridwa madzi ambiri kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse; munthawi imeneyi, kutumiza madzi m'madzi kumakhala koopsa kwambiri. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi madzi ofewa, osakhazikika pofunda.

Tsikas imakonda chinyezi chambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kupaka madzi nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda, osakhazikika pofunda firiji. Mutha kuyikanso mphika ndi chomera pa pallet yodzaza ndi dongo kapena peat. Mutha kusamba chomera nthawi ndi nthawi pansi pa bafa lotentha, onetsetsani kuti madzi sadzagwera mumphika.

Kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, ma cicas amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere wa mitengo ya kanjedza pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kuyambira mu Okutobala, kuvala pamwamba kumachepetsedwa ndikuchitika osaposanso pamwezi, ndipo kuyambira pachilimwe, kuphatikiza feteleza kumalimbikitsidwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi mchere wa potaziyamu ndi magnesium.

Tsikas ali ndi nthawi yotentha yozizira. Pezani mbeu pamalo abwino komanso owala. Kutentha kwambiri nyengo yozizira ya Tsikas yopindika 10-12 ° C, chifukwa Tsikas inali yotseguka pang'ono - 16-18 ° C. Madzi mosamala.

Mitundu yaing'onoyi imasinthidwa chaka ndi chaka, achikulire ndikokwanira kuthana ndi lapansi kapena kuchotsera ngati chomera chadzaza mumphika. Pakuchulukitsa, osakaniza dothi lofanana ndi "kanjedza" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, i.e. malo osakanikirana ndi malo owetera, tsamba, peat, humus ndi mchenga poyerekeza 2: 1: 1: 1: 1. Nthawi yabwino yosintha ndi kuphukira, isanayambe kukula kwatsopano. Pansi pamphika pamakhala zotungira zabwino. Dziwani kuti posankha mphika, musayese kutenga chidebe chachikulu, yesetsani kuti mbewuyo ikhale yolimba mumphika, mwinanso cicada amadwala chifukwa cha acidization ya gawo lapansi.

Kuswana

Ma cycase amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi nthambi zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono, nthawi zina zimayamba kukhala pamitengo ya toyesa wamkulu. Kuyambanso kukula kwake ndi babu babu, komwe kwenikweni ndi mphukira yachidziwitso, kuwombera pang'onopang'ono kumakhala korona wabwinobwino, ndipo nthawi zina mizu yotsatana.

Wamaluwa amachititsa kuti nthambi zibalalike, ndikuwononga makina kuti ipeze mawonekedwe amtundu wocheperako wokhala ndi akorona angapo kapena zinthu zambiri zobzala.

Mukamalekanitsa "mwana" malo odulawo amawaza ndi makala osweka ndikuwuma masiku 1-2. "Ana" amabzalidwa mu dothi losakanizika ndi peat, nthaka yotsika ndi mchenga ndikuphatikiza ndi tchipisi chabwino cha granite. Mizu isanamwe madzi ambiri.

Mbewu zisungike mphamvu kwa zaka zitatu; mphukira msanga miyezi 1.5-2 mutabzala.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo:

Kuchokera ku dzuwa lowongolera, makamaka nthawi yotentha, mbewuyo imayatsidwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, ayenera kuzolowera pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono.

Chomera chimayamba kuwonongeka mwachangu chifukwa cha kusefukira ndi acidization ya gawo lapansi. Makamaka chidwi cha kusefukira ndi mawonekedwe a cicass.

Tsikas ali ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa nyengo yozizira ndi mpweya wouma, ndipo amatha kugwetsa masamba pansi pazinthu zotere.

Zowonongeka: nkhanu, zoponya ndi akangaude.

Mitundu

Cicas wopindika, kapena cochlea (Cycas circinalis).

Imamera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ku South India, kuzilumba za Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Fiji, ku Malaysia, Philippines, ndi Eastern Australia. Thunthu lake ndi lalifupi, 2 m wamtali (nthawi zina mpaka 10 m). Masamba 1-2 m kutalika, angapo mu mulu, kumka kutsogolo, pambuyo pake pang'ono; Midrib ndi yotukuka kwambiri; Masamba a cirrus okhala ndi masamba 50-60 mbali iliyonse ya rachis, yopapatiza-lanceolate, lathyathyathya, mpaka 25 cm ndi 1.5 cm mulifupi, yolowera mbali. Petiole pansipa semicircular, kuchokera pansi mpaka pakati pa tsamba lopanda spines, komanso kumtunda ndi spines yochepa mbali zonse za rachis.

Ziphuphu zooneka ngati nkhono zimawonedwa kwambiri ngati chomera chokongoletsera ndipo chimalimidwa kwambiri m'maiko otentha komanso otentha. Mwachitsanzo, ku Florida, kutchuka kwake ndikwabwino kwambiri kotero kuti pano amatchedwa "Florida saga kanjedza."

Zowoneka: Mtunduwu umafalikiridwa monga vegetatively mwa mizu yazinthu zomwe zimawoneka pamtengo wachomera wamkulu; Pamaso pa mbewu - ndi mbewu.

Zomera zimakonda kupitilira chaka chonse. Pamwamba pa tsitsi la masamba achichepere amapezeka nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka - mu Julayi, Okutobala, Januwale ndi miyezi ina. Chiwerengero cha masamba achichepere mu gulu chimasiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 26, kutengera zaka, komanso nthawi ya chaka. Kukula kwa masamba sikufanana.

The drooping cicas (Cycas Revolution).

Malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi South Japan (zilumba za Kyushu ndi Ryukyu). Mbiya ndiyampira, yaifupi, mpaka 3 m kutalika, wandiweyani, 30-50 cm (mpaka 1 m) m'mimba mwake. Masamba ndi pinnate, 0,5-2 m kutalika. Masamba ambiri amakhala okhathamira, owongoka pang'ono, ozungulira pang'ono, kumbuyo pang'ono m'mphepete, amachepera kumunsi, achikopa, tsitsi lochepa kuyambira ubwana, kenako wamaliseche, wobiriwira, wobiriwira, m'mphepete mwake, wokhala ndi phokoso lakuthwa, wokhala ndi mtsempha wamkati umodzi. Zimbambo zachimuna ndi cylindrical yopyapyala, mpaka 60-80 cm kutalika ndi 15 cm m'mimba mwake m'makulidwe; stamens angapo, lathyathyathya-mbali-ziwiri, ndi miyendo lalifupi, kukulitsidwa ndi kukula kwa pamwamba; ma atter pansi. Zingwe ndizotayirira zachikazi, zokhala ndi ma carpels otalika mpaka 20cm, ofiira-ofunda, okhala ndi malekezero owonjezera, mkati mwa pubescent petiole 2-8 ovules owongoka. Mbewu zazikulu, 3-5 cm, lalanje.

Chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera mitengo, chimakula bwino muzipinda ndi malo osungira. M'malo akumpoto ndi pakati, mbewu zimatha kutulutsidwa kumalo otentha kuti dzinja likhale lowonekera. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, masamba amawonekera chaka chilichonse, nthawi yomweyo masamba 10, 10, ali ngati korona wokongola, pafupifupi wowongoka. Nthenga za masamba achichepere ndi nthenga zomwe zimapangidwa mkati, ngati ferns. Pomwe zimayamba kukula, masamba amapendekera kumbali, kenako ndikugwada ndikufa kwa zaka 4-5 za moyo.

Cycas Rumph (Cycas rumphii).

Imakula m'malo otsika ku Sri Lanka, pagombe lazilumba za Andaman, Java, Sulawesi. Thunthu lotsogola, mpaka 8-15 m wamtali. Masamba a Cirrus, 1-2 m kutalika (amawonekera m'magulu); Amasiya mzere-lanceolate, 20-30 cm kutalika ndi 1.1-2 masentimita mulifupi, atakulungidwa.

Siamese Cycas (Cycas siamensis).

Ikupezeka m'nkhalango za savannah ku Indochina. Thunthu lake limakhala lotalika mpaka 1.5-1.8 m, tuberoid linakhuthala mpaka theka kutalika (kenako limatha). Masamba a Cirrus, kutalika kwa 0.6-1.2 m; timapepala totsalira tating'ono, 10 cm kutalika ndi 0.5 cm mulifupi, tating'ono, tambiri tambiri. Petiole m'munsi mwake molimba, chikasu.