Vanda (Vanda) ndi mbewu ya epiphytic kuchokera ku banja la Orchid. Malo omwe Wanda amachokera ndi malo otentha a Philippines, India, China, Indonesia ndi North Australia.
Wanda ndi monopoidal epiphyte yemwe ali ndi mizu yamphamvu. Mizu ya vanda ndi yobiriwira. Muzu uliwonse umakhala wokutidwa ndi maselo akufa, womwe umapangitsa kuti pakhale poyambira kuti madzi azithiridwa munthaka komanso m'mlengalenga. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo ili la maselo akufa limateteza mizu bwino ku zotsatira zoyipa za dzuwa. Tsinde la vanda limatha kutalika pafupifupi mita imodzi. Masamba ndi otambalala, okhala ndi lamba, achikopa komanso owondera kukhudza. Mitundu ya masamba imasiyanasiyana kubiriwira kukhala yobiriwira ndi mtundu wonyezimira.
Masamba pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake. Mtengowo umapanga zipatso zazitali zomwe zimamera pamtengo. Chilichonse chogwiritsa maluwa chimakhala ndi maluwa pafupifupi 15. Pa chomera chimodzi, mitengo imodzi kapena inayi yokha imapangika nthawi imodzi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake a vanda ndizodabwitsa. Maluwa awa onunkhira amatha kukhala oyera, achikasu, ofiirira, ofiira, lalanje, abuluu-abuluu komanso mitundu yawo yosiyanasiyana. Maluwa a Vanda ali ndi mawonekedwe: atangotseguka, mutha kuwona kuti ndi otuwa komanso ochepa kukula. Koma popita nthawi, maluwawo amakula ndipo amatha kufikira kukula kwake kwakukulu, ndikupatsanso kuwala. Vanda orchid limamasula kwa miyezi itatu. Kutulutsa kwamaluwa pafupipafupi kumakhala kangapo pachaka (kutengera ndi momwe amasungidwira).
Wanda orchid kusamalira kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Orchid vanda ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kuti malo omwe vanda ilipo ayenera kuyatsidwa bwino, iyeneranso kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. Mawindo akumwera chakumwera kapena kumwera ndioyenera kwambiri wanda. Panyengo ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe, Wanda amasiya pakati pa tsiku amafunika kuti azitenthetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Masana masana a vanda ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 12 mpaka 15, pokhapokha ngati chomerachi chidzakula komanso kusangalatsa maluwa chaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, masana pang'ono, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kowonjezera.
Kutentha
Kutentha masana masika ndi chilimwe kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20-25 madigiri, usiku - osapitirira 17 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, kutentha kwa masana sikuyenera kukhala madigiri 20-22, ndipo usiku - pafupifupi madigiri 14. Ngati mbewuyo imasungidwa mu nthawi yokumana kutentha kwa masana ndi usiku kuli pafupifupi madigiri 8-10, ndiye kuti vanda idzaphuka posachedwa. Zoyesedwa m'ndende zimasankhidwa payokha pamitundu iliyonse ya vanda. Chifukwa chake mitundu yamtambo imafunikira kutentha kwa dzinja pafupifupi madigiri 14.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Chinyezi chosunga vanda chikuyenera kukhala osachepera 60-70%. Mphepo yowuma imapangitsa kuti mizu ndi masamba a chomera ziume, ndipo masamba amatha kugwa, osaphuka. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuthira masamba a orchid ndi madzi ofunda, otetezedwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, yokhala ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zamagetsi, kuwonjezera pa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zowonjezera mlengalenga (akasupe okongoletsera, okhala ndi mchenga wonyowa kapena dongo lotukulidwa). Koma chinyezi chachikulu chikuyenera kupita limodzi ndi mpweya wabwino m'chipindacho, apo ayi mbewuyo ingadutse matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Kuthirira
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yotentha, ma vandas amafunika kuthilira mosamala, koma mizu imayenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti ithe. Njira yothirira imatengera mphamvu ya vanda. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi mabasiketi kapena pakhungwa la mtengo, muyenera kuthiririra ndikuthilira gawo lapansi m'madzi ofunda kwa mphindi 20-30. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mvula yotentha. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti madzi sayenera kugwera pamasamba, apo ayi amatha kuvunda mwachangu. Gawo pakati pa kuthirira liyenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti liume, apo ayi mizu iyamba kuvunda, zomwe zidzatsogolera ku kufa kwa duwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, vanda ikupuma, motero imatha kuchita popanda mavuto popanda kuthirira kwa masiku 5-7. Munthawi imeneyi, njira zonse za metabolic mu chomera zimachepetsedwa, motero, sizifunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Kutentha kwamadzi kuthirira kuyenera kutentha (30-50 madigiri).
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Muyenera kuthira vanda ndi madzi okwanira chaka chonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe chonse wa zipatso za ma orchid ndipo muthira madziwo mu 1/8 pazomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo omwe ali phukusi. Kuvala kwamizu kumatha kusinthana ndi foliar mwa kupopera masamba. Izi zikuthandizirani kupewa kukongoletsa mizu ya chomera.
Njira Zambiri
Kunyumba, momwe angakhalire yosungiramo vanda ndiye kuti sangayimitsidwe. Poterepa, mizu sayenera kukhala gawo lapansi. Pokonzekera vandas gwiritsani ntchito mapoto onse apulasitiki ndi mabasiketi opukutira.
Masiku ano, mobwerezabwereza mutha kuwona zomwe zili mu vanda m'mavalasi amgalasi. Mu vase, vanda iyenera kulumikizidwa kuthandizo, ndipo mizu yake imapachika momasuka. Pansi pa vasetiyu muyenera kukhala ndi dothi lonyowa kapena dongo lotukulidwa, lomwe limalimbitsa mbewuyo ndi chinyezi. Pafupifupi theka la mizu iyenera kukhala pamwamba pa chotengera.
Komanso, ndikuchita bwino, vandu amatha kubzala mumphika wapulasitiki ndi gawo lapansi la maluwa ena, wokhala ndi makungwa a pine, sphagnum moss ndi makala.
Kuswana kwa Wanda
Vanda orchid amafalitsa motsatira njira zina - ana. Mwana aliyense pa nthawi yopatukana ayenera kukhala ndi mizu yake komanso akhale osachepera 5 cm. Malo omwe amagulitsidwa amathandizidwa ndi makala. Kuti mwana azika mizu bwino, amasungidwa chinyezi (osachepera 85%) m'nyumba yobiriwira.
Mwana akakhala ndi mizu ndikufika kutalika pafupifupi 15 masentimita, amathanso kuwaika mbiya yayikulu ngati chomera chodziimira payekha.
Kukula kwa ana pa vanda siinthu zachilendo, makamaka m'malo mchipinda. Chifukwa chake, pali njira ina yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino kufesa mbewu - pogwiritsa ntchito ma cutic apical. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nsonga za mphukira zam'mphepete, zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu. Zodulidwa zimamera mu gawo lapansi lophatikizika ndi moss-sphagnum ndi fern mizu kapena conifers. Masiku atatu oyamba, kudula kumathiriridwa madzi ambiri, kenako kuthilira kumayimitsidwa ndikubwera pafupipafupi kwa 1-2 pamwezi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Nthawi zambiri, vanda amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungus monga fusarium. Amawoneka ngati zofiirira pamunsi pa tsamba. Chomwe chikuwonekera ndikuchotsa mosadukiza mizu ndi masamba akale omwe anali akufa. Mutha kuthana ndi kuwonongeka kwa fusarium ndi yankho la fundazole.
Vuto lina lomwe lingayambitse vanda kufa ndi zowola za bakiteriya. Mutha kulimbana nawo mothandizidwa ndi tetracycline ya antibayotiki, yosungunuka m'madzi. Komanso kukonzekera kwa fungicidal kumathandiza kuthana ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda oyamba ndi bakiteriya.
Tizilombo toyambitsa tizirombo tosokoneza tizirombo toyambitsa matenda sitimayambitsa vanda, komabe, nsabwe za m'masamba, mphukira, nkhupakupa, ndi mealybugs zimatha kupezeka pazomera.
