M'dziko lathu, petunia wakula ngati chomera chokongoletsera pachaka. Pomwe woimira wake m'modzi amatanthauza obwera. Koma chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa kwambiri mdziko lathu, palibe amene akuganiza zongosunga nyama nthawi yozizira. Imeneyi ndi nkhani yovuta komanso yosasangalatsa kwa olima maluwa aku Russia. Pakadali pano, obereketsa akhala akuberekera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta, omwe amatha kuphuka kwambiri kangapo pachaka.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu ya petunias
Ku Europe, duwa lidachokera ku South America. Kunyumba - ku Brazil ndi Paraguay, petunias amakula mpaka mita kutalika. Ziphuphu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala mawonekedwe a chitsamba chaching'ono.
Kutalika kwake kumatengera mtundu ndi mitundu. Zinyama zomwe zimamera m'munsi zimamera mpaka 20-30 cm, zazikulu zimapanga chitsamba mpaka 60. Petunias amakhalanso osiyana ndi komwe kuli tsinde:
- owongoka;
- zokwawa.
Zoweta nthawi zonse zimakulitsa zowonjezera zamtunduwu wazokongoletsera zamtundu uliwonse wamaluwa kapena maluwa. Nthawi zambiri, petunia imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
- Bush.
- Ampelic petunias.
Mitundu yamitundu yotsirizayi ndiyoyenera kubzala m'miyala yamaluwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha mphukira zazifupi komanso maluwa ambiri ang'onoang'ono, "mpira" wowala umapangidwa, wowoneka kutali.
Malinga ndi kukula kwa duwa, petunias amagawidwa lalikulu-maluwa komanso angapo maluwa. Gulu loyamba limasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa okulirapo kuposa 10 cm.Ndi ma funnels amodzi amakongoletsa nthambi zamphamvu. Ma petunias otere amawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Zomera za gulu lachiwiri zimakhala ndi maluwa ochepetsetsa, ochulukirapo kakang'ono ka ruble kasanu, koma alipo ambiri aiwo. Tchire limawoneka kaso komanso losangalatsa.
Petunia ndiodziwika kwambiri ndi amalimi a maluwa padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mitundu yawo, maluwa akutalika komanso ochulukirapo ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Ambiri amayesa kulima mbande za petunias ndi manja awo kunyumba.
Momwe mungayambire bizinesi yofunikayi komanso nthawi yanji? Momwe mungakulire mbande za petunia kunyumba? Pachigawo choyamba, ndikofunikira kugula mbewu zapamwamba.
Malamulo okula petunias kuchokera ku mbewu
Kubzala kumachitika kumapeto kwa February, koyambirira kwa Marichi. Ngakhale mutha kuyamba kubzala mbande nthawi ina, koma pamenepa muli ndi vuto loti musawone maluwa.
Dziwani kuti osachepera milungu 10 adzadutsa kukongola uku kukusangalatsani ndi zovala zake zokongola. Petunia amapereka mbewu zochepa kwambiri, zochepa za poppy, mbewu.
Komabe, pamashelefu amalo ogulitsa maluwa mutha kuwaona mawonekedwe a granular. Amakhala akulu komanso okwera mtengo kuposa masiku onse. Chinyengo chonsechi chili mgulu la mbeuyo zodzitchinjiriza mwakutizungulira.
Nthawi zina magawo amagulitsidwa palokha. Ndizosatheka kudziwa mawonekedwe a mbewu zomwe zili phukusi, chifukwa zimagulitsidwa m'matumba opaque. Zimakhalabe kuti zikhulupirire zomwe zili phukusi. Apa, phunzirani mosamala. Zolemba ziyenera kuwonetsa:
- Wopanga mbewu.
- Tsiku lotha ntchito.
- Mayina osiyanasiyana.
- Nthawi yamaluwa.
- Kutalika kwa tchire atakula.
Dziwani kuti mbewu mutanyamula mapepala zimasungira kumera kwa chaka chimodzi. Kusungidwa kwotalikirapo kumapereka zojambulazo kapena polyethylene - kufikira zaka ziwiri. Kodi kukula petunia kwa mbewu?
Momwe mungasankhire zopangira mbande
Kwa "greenhouse" wopangidwa ndi nyumba, momwe mbewu zimaphukira ndikunyamula masamba oyambilira a mbande zazing'ono, muli ma biscuits, mabisiketi, ndi ayisikilimu adzagwira ntchito. Itha kugulidwa zotengera pulasitiki m'malo ogulitsira.
Bajeti komanso njira yabwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la madzi osachepera malita asanu. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa m'mbali yayitali, pangani mawonekedwe kuchokera mbali mbali ziwiri ndikupinda pulasitiki pang'ono, ndikutulutsa "wowonjezera kutentha" wokhala ndi chivindikiro, chopepuka komanso chosavuta.
Kuti musankhe kukulitsa petunias kuchokera ku mbewu za nyumba, musaiwale kuchita pansi pa thankiyo ndi msomali wamoto ngalande zokumba. Kenako madziwo sadzayenda m'nthaka ndipo mizu yake singagunde zowola.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Mutha kugula zosakaniza zomaliza m'maluwa wamaluwa. Nyimbo zoterezi zimakhazikitsidwa ndi peat. Pali ngakhale oyambira apadera a petunias. Gawo lapamwamba kwambiri limatetezedwa ku tizilombo toononga.
Koma mutha kukonza dothi lanu lofunikira, ngati muli ndi zosowa zofunika, nthawi ndi chilakolako.
Tengani zofanana (magawo awiri aliwonse):
- peat;
- munda wamunda;
- humus;
- onjezerani gawo limodzi la mchenga pamtunda uwu.
Sakanizani chilichonse, maziko abwino azakudya zomera nyemba zakonzeka. Pansi pa thankiyo, tsanulirani dongo kapena timiyala ting'onoting'ono ta mitsinje. Ikani dothi pamwamba pa chotsekeramo ngalande, pafupifupi 3-5 cm.
Koma musanachite izi, vomerezani kusamala kwa majeremusi. Yesetsani zomwe zidagulidwa kapena zopangidwa ndi nyumba mu uvuni kwa mphindi 15-20 kapena zitsanulire ndi madzi otentha.
Ena amalima maluwa amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera makhiristo a potaziyamu pamadzi kuti njira yothetsera ikhale yokhala ndi utoto. Poterepa, phatikizirani chidebe ndi dothi pamwamba pa beseni pomwe madziwo akathiramo. Dziko litazirala pambuyo pa kupha ululu, nyowetsani bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti yopopera ndikuyamba kufesa.
Kubzala Mbewu ya Petunia
Petunia ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda kuwala komanso kutentha kwambiri. Kuti kumera bwino (ngati muli ndi mwayi ndi zomwe zikuchokera), muyenera kupanga izi. Chifukwa chake mbewu zokha kugona pansi dothi lonyowa, koma osagona ndi nthaka.
Kuti mugwire ntchitoyo, nyowetsani machesi kapena chovala mano ndi madzi ndikunyamula mbewu iliyonse nayo. Zotuluka pakati pawo zizikhala zofanana, osachepera 10-15 cm.
Mukamaliza kanikizani mbewu pansi, kukonza kukhazikika. Tsekani wowonjezera kutentha kwanyumba ndi chivindikiro, galasi, wokutira pulasitiki ndikuyika malo otentha, osavuta - batiri la chipinda.
Kuwunikira kowonjezereka pakadali pano sikofunikira, koma kutentha kuti mawonekedwe a mphukira ndikofunikira. Mbewu za Petunia zimere pa kutentha kwa madigiri 25.
Kamodzi patsiku, tsegulani chivundikiro cha thanki kuti mpweya wabwino ulowe. Kuwombera kumawonekera tsiku lachitatu kapena lachinayi. Komabe, ngati mbewu zake zatha, ndiye kuti zimamera nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi masiku khumi.
Kusamalira Mbewu: Kupepuka ndi kuthirira
Kuti mukhale ndi mbande yathanzi komanso yolimba kunyumba, lingalirani zina mwazomwe mukukula kwa petunias. Ngati mphukira zilibe kuwala kokwanira, zimafikira dzuwa, zidzakhala zazitali, koma zofooka.
Chifukwa chake, mbewuzo zikaphuka, sinthani mabokosi kutali ndi batri, koma pafupi ndi zenera. Pakadali pano, chinthu chachikulu ndichinthu chachiwiri - kuwala. Osati kuyembekezera kuwunikira kwazenera, kuyambiranso kugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa kowonjezera.
Zolinga izi gwiritsani ntchito nyali zama nyali kapena nyale wa mbande. Yatsani kuwunikira kowonjezera mutangobzala nyemba. Nyali ziyenera kuwotcha pamwamba pa mbande kwa maola osachepera 12. M'tsogolo, izi zimathandizira kupanga maluwa. Kutentha pamalo omwe muli ndi mabokosi okhala ndi zophukira kumayenera kukhala madigiri 18 degrees20.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakadali pano pomwe mbande ndizofooka ndipo zimatha kufa mosavuta, kuchita bwino kuthirira. Olima okhwima amalangizidwa kuti azichita izi madzulo, pakakhala kukula kwazomera zambiri.
Madzi ayenera zofewa, zopanda chlorine komanso zotentha. Kuti muchite izi, muteteze madzi apampopi kwa tsiku limodzi pawindo kapena malo ena ofunda. Musanaze kuthirira, phatikizani madontho ochepa amadzimadzi kuchokera kwa mandimu.
Kuyambira tsiku loyamba mphukira, mpweya "wowonjezera kutentha"posunthira chivundikiro. Yambirani ndi mphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu, kuchulukitsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Njira yosavuta iyi imathandizira kuti chinyezi chikhale chokwanira ndikuteteza mbande kumatenda omwe amatchedwa" mwendo wakuda ".
Dumphira - momwe mungachitire bwino
Ikubwera nthawi yomwe mphukira zimadzaza m'bokosi ndipo mphukira iliyonse imafunikira malo ena padera. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikusintha ndikuchita. Kuti musasokonezeke, tiwona masamba omwe ali pamizimba.
Kumera, nyemba zimatulutsa ma cotyledon awiri. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba ndipo ndi okulirapo kuposa masamba omwe amawonekera pambuyo pake. Ma Cotyledons ndi mtundu wa botolo lomwe lili ndi mkaka pomwe mphukira zake zimadyera. Koma tsopano iye ndi abale ake omwe ali m'bokosimo adakula, ndipo monga ana omwe anali pa sukulu yaukazale, adayamba kukakamiza ndikusokoneza mnzake.
Ndiye nthawi yakukankha. Opaleshoni imaphatikizapo kupatsidwa mizu ndi kudina. Mphukira iliyonse imayikidwa chikho chowonekera bwino. Timaphukira zinthaka m'nthaka kuti masamba a cotyledon.
Ngakhale mbewuzo zimakhala zosalimba, mizu yake sinapangidwe ndipo imakhala ndi muzu umodzi wamtambo umodzi. Pofuna kuti lisawononge, tengani tumphuka pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi ndi kuyikidwa m'malo atsopano. Nthaka ndi chosawilitsidwa, monga kale kufesa mbewu - madzi otentha kapena calcining mu uvuni.
Mukabzala mbande yoyamba ya petunia, mukadachita chilichonse molondola, mbewuyo imayamba kukula mwachangu, ndikukula mizu. Pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka mutabzala, muyenera kumuika kwachiwirimumaphika akulu. Apa petunia amasiyidwa mpaka atabzalidwa m'malo osirikiza m'mundamo kapena mmalo obzala m'misewu.
Kunena zowona, kufupikitsa kwazu kumalowanso munjira yoyimbira. Amachita izi kuti mizu yotsogola imayamba kukula ndipo dongosolo lonse limapangidwa lamphamvu kwambiri, nthambi. Kenako mbewuyo imalandira michere yambiri kuchokera m'nthaka.
Koma posachedwapa alimi a maluwa achoka mchitidwewu, poganiza kuti ndizowopsa. Ambuye ena pakukula mbande zapanyumba, osachitanso zina.
Amasankha kubira m'mizu ndi m'mphepete, "kukula." Kufotokozera izi ndikuti palibe chifukwa chovulaza mbewu kamodzinso. Mutha kusankha nokha njira yabwino kwambiri.
Kutentha ndi kudyetsa
Titalandira padera pokhazikika pakati pa madzi, mbande zimayamba kukula kwambiri. Tsopano kuti apindule, yambani kuzolowera ana pang'ono kutentha pang'ono, mpaka + 10 °. Ojambula maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kuumitsa" pamenepa.
Magalasi okhala ndi mbande pitani kukhonde lodzaza kapena tsegulani zenera m'chipindacho. Yambani ndi mphindi 15, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi.
Pakatha milungu ingapo yobwereza izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mumsewu sikugwera pansi, mbande zimatha kusiyidwa m'malo abwino mpaka nkuziika pamalo okhazikika.
Ndikosatheka kukula mbande zabwino osachokapo, komanso kudya panthawi yake komanso pafupipafupi. Yambani kuphatikiza patatha masabata awiri mutatulutsa mbande yoyamba. M'tsogolomu, chitani izi kwa anthu akuluakulu, kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri.
Mashopu apadera amapereka amaluwa feteleza zovutayokhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri. Zosakaniza zowonjezera zomanga zamadzi ndizabwino, zomwe kunyumba ndizoyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi.
Mukabzala chachiwiri komanso mtsogolo, musaiwale za kumasula dothi. Mizu yake imafunikira mpweya. Petunias angayankhe pa chisamaliro choterocho ndi maluwa okhala pang'onopang'ono mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Kusina mbande
Kuchokera pakuwona "mpira" wowala kwambiri wamitundu yambiri, mtima amasangalala. Momwe mungakwaniritsire mawonekedwe abwino kunyumba? Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta. Zonse ndi ndikukhomerera chisoti chomera.
Yambani njirayi mutangotulutsa timabuku tiana kapena tating'ono, osawerengera omwe amakula kuchokera kumbewu yobisalulira (cotyledon). Zikhala kuti muyamba kuchita kukhomedwa koyambirira mukakhala masamba asanu ndi awiri pa petunia.
Mwa kuchepetsa kukula kwanu, mumakakamiza mphukira zam'mbali kuti zikule. Momwemo adzapangidwe mawonekedwe ozungulira chitsamba. Koma kumbukirani kuti kutsina kumatula nthawi yamaluwa. Chifukwa chake, masabata angapo izi zisanachitike, siyani chomera chokha.
Kukula mbande mumapiritsi a peat
Kuphatikiza pa njira zokulira mbande zomwe tafotokozazi, palinso ina, yopanga ndalama munthawi yake. Makampani amatulutsa mapiritsi a peat, zomwe zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuti mbande zolimba zikhale kunyumba.
Zayikidwa m'mbale zakuya zamapulasitiki mudzaze ndi madzi. Pakangotha mphindi 10, kutupa, mapiritsiwo amawonjezeka kangapo. Kokani madzi owonjezera ndikupanga notch yaying'ono pamwamba pa mzati wa peat ndi machesi kapena mano.
Ikani mbewu ya petunia pamenepo. Kufesa kwatha. M'tsogolomu, samalani mbande, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Choyenerera ndichakuti pamiyeso ya mapiritsi a peat sichofunikira.
Mbewu zachikale zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, pamodzi ndi piritsi. M'nthaka, nthaka idzagwedezeka popanda kulowererapo. Ndizabwino kuti peat imapereka zofunika zakudya mizu yomwe ikamera.
Kuchokera pazonse zomwe tanena, titha kunena kuti ngakhale novice amatha kubzala mbande za petuni kunyumba.
