Ferns ndiwoyenerera kutengedwa ngati oyimira akale azomera padziko lapansi. Masiku ano, izi sizachilengedwe mwachilengedwe, motero mitundu yonse ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa wamaluwa komanso okonda mbewu zamkati.
Ma Adiantums, ogwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 200, ndi amodzi mwa masamba ochepa omwe amakula mosavuta m'minda, komanso kunyumba, kusamutsa mosavuta zomwe zili mumphika wochepa wa poto, nyengo yofunda komanso kutentha kwa mpweya kosalekeza.
Mwachilengedwe, mbewu za adiantum zimakonda kukhazikika m'mphepete mwa dziwe, pomwe zimakhazikitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a humus omwe atsekeka pakati pa miyala. Muzochitika zotere, mbewu sizimasowa chakudya komanso chinyezi, mpweya umakhala chinyezi nthawi zonse komanso ozizira.
Pakadali pano, chinyezi chimatsika mosavuta pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa masamba osalala, ndipo masamba a chomera nthawi zonse amakhala owuma. Katunduyu wa adiantum amatanthauzira dzina la mtundu, kutanthauza kuti "osanyowa."
Ali kuti amayi a adiantum ali kuti?
Kuti mbeu za adiantum zizikhala momasuka pakhomo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale poyandikana ndi yomwe yazungulira ferns m'malo awo achilengedwe? Kodi dziko la Adiantum lili kuti?
Masiku ano, botanisot imasiyanitsa magawo awiri achilengedwe amtunduwu, omwe nthawi zambiri amatenga malo otentha komanso otentha a hemispheres onse. Mitundu yodziyimira payokha ya adiantums imapezeka ku South America, pomwe pamiyala yamiyala ku Andes, mbewu zimakula ndikuchulukana bwino.
Gawo lachiwiri logawidwa kwa mtunduwu lili kum'mawa kwa dera la Asia. Ku China ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo okha, pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi inayi yapezeka, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti mafeni amtunduwu sangapezeke kwina.
Mmodzi mwa otchuka komanso otchuka maluwa omwe adiantums ndi Adiantum capillus veneris, kapena tsitsi la Venus, lomwe limakhala m'dziko lathu. Pano, mbewu za adiantum zimatha kupezeka mukuyenda ku Caucasus ndi Crimea. Pamodzi ndi fern ina, adiantum imakhala yozungulira, yotsitsimuka ya tsitsi imasinthidwa mosavuta ndi malo ammunsi am'deralo, kusamutsa nyengo yozizira kwambiri yopanda kutentha.
Ku Europe, adiantums amtchire amapezeka ku Mediterranean, anthu azomera zokhazokha omwe amakhala kumapoto kumpoto kwa Africa, ndi ziwembu ku Caucasus komanso kumapiri a Central Asia.
Pali malo ochitira malonda ku Australia, ndipo nthumwi zakumpoto kwenikweni zimakhala m'mphepete mwa Britain, pomwe mlengalenga mumakhala chinyezi komanso miyala.
Adiantum: Makhalidwe ndi kufotokozera kwa mbewu
Ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, yolumikizidwa pansi pa dzina lodziwika bwino "Adiantum", mbewu zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira.
Vaiyi kapena fern masamba ambiri mitundu ya adiantum, dissected kapena pinnate, nthawi zina asymmetrical. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba amatha kukhala osiyana kukula ndi mitundu, mawonekedwe amtundu waung'ono kwambiri komanso kukula kwa nthambi zosiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, zigawo zosasinthika za spore zimapezeka kumbuyo kwa thel, ndipo masamba ake ndi ochepa kwambiri, koma olimba.
Zomera zonse za herbaceous zosakhazikika za adiantum sizidutsa theka la mita, masamba akuluakulu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuwoneka ndipo amapanga mawonekedwe okongola otseguka. Ma rhizoid ochulukitsa ochulukirapo kuchokera ku chimphona chachikulu champhamvu, chodumphira pakati pa miyala ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse kuti akhale pamwamba ndikupeza zakudya, amathandizira kukhala pamiyala yamatanthwe a adiantum.
Zomera zamagetsi adiantum
Poyamba kuyang'ana pa adiantum, zitha kuwoneka kuti mbewuyo ndi yokhota komanso yosalimba. Koma ndikulima kwanthawi yayitali, zikuwoneka kuti fern yochititsa chidwi iyi samangokhala ndi mphamvu zamphamvu, komanso ali ndi nyonga yowala.
Zomera za Adiantum zimanyamulidwa m'nyumba zomwe zimakula, nyengo yachikondi komanso yomvetsetsa, duwa limakonda kwambiri azimayi. Masamba amakhala osalimba, owonda ngati tsitsi la msungwana, amakana zonse zomwe zimachitika, ndikupatsanso omwewo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti adiantum siiri poizoni, motero ipeza malo mchipinda chilichonse, kaya ndi chipinda chochezera, chowerengera kapena chipinda cha ana.
Ndipo zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yofunda, momwe nyengo yozizira imalola ferns kukhalabe nthawi ino, chikhalidwechi chimakula m'minda. Ndiko kusinthasintha kwa mtengowu m'magawo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri cha adiantum, chomwe chimayamikiridwa ndi alimi a maluwa padziko lonse lapansi. Koma zabwino zomwe adiantum sizikhala ndi izi.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito adiantum ndikuti?
Zabwino za adiantum zidawerengeredwa ndikufotokozedwa ndi asayansi akale. Pliny Mkuluyo, wodzipereka ku malingaliro ndi chithandizo chonga china, adalemba zaubwino wa udzu wa fern kulimbitsa tsitsi. Ndipo m'malo ena a Transcaucasia, adiantum imagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano pakukonzekera zitsamba kupititsa patsogolo tsitsi.
Ma infusions a mankhwala ndi tiyi wokhala ndi ferns akhala akudziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito adiantum masiku ano, pamene asayansi atha kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zopanga mbewu?
Mu pharmacopeia ya ku Europe, chomera cha adiantum chidaphatikizidwa pamaziko otsimikizira zothandiza:
- ndi zotupa matenda a kupuma dongosolo;
- ndi tiziromboti;
- potentha;
- ngati kuli kotheka, tengani pang'ono pang'ono.
Amitundu ndi ma rhizomes a ferns amatha kupatsanso zizindikiro za mowa ndi poyizoni wa mankhwala.
Ku Southeast Asia, komanso ku Europe ndi South America, kuyambira nthawi yakale therere la adiantum limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la mankhwala a fever. Masamba, omwe amaphwanyidwa kuti azikhala ngati magazi ochuluka, anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a zotupa; Masiku ano, njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito chomera ndizovomerezeka kapena pang'ono ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka.
Mafuta omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku chomera cha adiantum Venus tsitsi limawonetsa zochita za antimicrobial, ndipo mankhwalawa amatha kuthana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga Candida, Escherichia coli ndi Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ndi Staphylococcus aureus. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mafuta ofunikira, adiantum imathandiza polimbana ndi aspergillus a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi streptococci.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma flavonoids omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ma glucosides, kempferol ndi quercetin sulfates, lipids, ma steroid ndi mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino zothandizira m'thupi amapezeka m'njira ya chomera.
