Mutha kudalira zokolola zambiri pokhapokha ngati mukusamalira bwino dimba. Chifukwa chake, eni omwe akudziwa za khalidweli amalimapo pachaka. Kupambana kwa mwambowu kumadalira mtundu wa kugwirira kwake kasupe. Kupatula apo, ndi pakadali pano pomwe akuganiza kuti chodzala chitetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Pamene kutentha kwa masika kumayamba kumveka mumlengalenga, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kukhala pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Panthawi izi, mzimu umafuna kusangalala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imatipatsanso malo obzala osiyanasiyana m'nyumba zamalimwe. Pkubweretsa mphindi iyi, alimi akuyesera kukonzekera bwino munda uja usanaphuke.
Kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe ikubwera ayenera kuyang'ana mundawo. Malinga ndi zotsatira zake, zikuwonekeratu zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika. Pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali komanso yozizira, nthambi zambiri zowonongeka zimapezekanso, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa. Komabe, kulima kwamasamba sikungokhala ndi izi zokha, chifukwa kumakhalanso ndi zochitika zina zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ziziteteza malo obisalamo tizirombo ndi matenda.
Chifukwa chiyani ndipo liti ndibwino kuchitira dimba?
Munthu aliyense wanzeru amayesetsa kuti azikhala ndi zipatso zapamwamba zokha, zipatso ndi zipatso patebulo lake. Kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi, eni ambiri amagwira ntchito kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku pama pulani awo kuti akolole bwino kumapeto kwa nyengo. Komabe, iyi si ntchito yosavuta monga momwe ingaoneke poyamba. Chilimwe chilichonse cha chilimwe amakhala nkhondo nkhondo zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda omwe, pakalibe kuwongolera, amatha kusefukira chilichonse mozungulira.
Kuti achepetse mavuto omwe matenda amabweretsa ndi tizirombo, anthu ambiri okhala pachilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala ndi zopopera kuti athane nazo. Komabe, kutha kwake kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi zomwe msimi adachita. Izi zimathandizanso kudziwa momwe mbewuzo zidzakhalire kumapeto kwa nyengo. Kuchita bwino kwa zonse zomwe zakonzedwa kumatha kuthandizidwa pokhapokha ngati zikuchitika panthawi yoyenera. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yozizira yomaliza ikangotha ndipo mazira azipatso ayamba kupanga pamitengoyi, muyenera kuyamba ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Masitepe olima masika
Ngati mukukhulupirira zomwe akatswiri odziwa nyengo yachilimwe amachita, ndibwino kuti azichita pokonza dimba mpaka maola 10 kapena dzuwa litalowa - patatha pafupifupi maola 6. Kusankha koteroko sikuli kwangozi, chifukwa mu maora awa kuti zochitika za dzuwa ndizochepa, chifukwa chake chiwopsezo cha kuwotcha masamba ndizotsika kwambiri. Monga gawo lakumunda wamaluwa wamasamba, magawo akuluakulu otsatirawa amatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- koyambirira kwamasika;
- musanafike maluwa;
- asanakhale ndi maluwa;
- nthawi yopanga thumba losunga mazira.
Kuwaza dimba kumayambiriro kwamasika
Chimodzi mwazomwe amachita pamunda wamaluwa ndi kupukutira kwa mitengo ikuluikulu. Komabe, ndibwino kuzichita musanazizidwe. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizikonzekeretse m'dongosolo. Chifukwa cha opaleshoni iyi, mutha kutero Tetezani mitengo kuti isawonongedwe ndi makoswe, chifukwa chake, kutumphuka konse sikungang'ambike chifukwa chakuwonekera mphepo yamoto. Chapakatikati chizingoyenera kuunikanso kuti mumveke ngati zapulumuka nthawi yachisanu ndikusintha ngati izi zikufunika.
Choyamba chithandizo m'mundamo ziyenera kuchitika koyambirira kwa Marichi, pomwe masamba sanayambike kuphuka. Mukadikirira kuti chisanu chisathe, mutha kukonzekeretsa masinthidwewo. Kuti muchite izi, konzani gawo m'chipinda chanyumba chachilimwe, chotsani chofunda pamabowo otetezedwa, komanso nthambi zomwe sizinapulumuke nthawi yozizira. Zitatha izi, chithandizo cha masika chimachitika, chokonzedwa kuteteza mitengo ndi zitsamba ku tizilombo.
Pachigawo choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndikuchotsa bowa yemwe wapezeka pansi. Pambuyo pake mpaka pakhungwa yikani matope a laimu. Njira yakukonzekera kwake ikuwoneka motere:
- ndikofunikira kutenga 2 kg ya laimu ndikusakaniza ndi 10 malita a madzi;
- ndiye 1 kg wa dongo ndi 330-350 g wa sulfate yamkuwa uyenera kuyambitsa kulowetsedwa;
- zida zake zonse ziyenera kusakanikirana bwino mpaka yosalala;
- Tsopano yankho lakonzeka, litha kuvalidwa pam mitengo ikuluikulu komanso m'munsi mwa nthambi.
Zotsatira za mankhwalawa, mazira ndi mphutsi zapakhosi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamakona ndi ming'alu ya tsinde, zimachotsedwa.
Komabe, mankhwala ena amakono ndi ogwira mtima akupezeka kwa olima masiku ano. Ngakhale zimawononga ndalama zochulukirapo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mitengo mwachangu komanso moperewera, kuletsa tizilombo kuti tisawononge malo obzala. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi fungicide, yomwe imawonjezera kukana kwa mbeu matenda ambiri. Khalani ndi katundu wofanana kutsatira njira:
- bulawuti wa acrylic;
- utoto wa akiliriki;
- phala laimu
Osangogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, komanso mafuta a dizilo amatha kuteteza mitengo ndi zitsamba ku tizirombo. Pambuyo pokonza zobzala, filimu yamafuta yoteteza khungu imawoneka, yomwe imatha kuteteza mitengo ndi zitsamba ku tizilombo toyipitsa. Tizilombo tikayesera kuyala mphutsi ndi mazira pamitengo yayikulu ndi nthambi, zidzafa pansi pa mpira wamafuta. Potere, masamba onse okhala ndi masamba otambalala komanso masamba ophukira akhale okhazikika.
Chithandizo cha masika m'munda musanaphuke
Kenako pakubwera gawo lina - kukonza mitengo impso zisadzuke. Cholinga chachikulu cha njirazi ndikuti tipewe tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda matenda osiyanasiyana, kuti tisawononge mitengo komanso zitsamba. Kuvulaza kwakukulu m'mundayo kumatha kuchitika ndi matenda monga: nkhanambo, khansa yakuda, coccomycosis, etc.
Kuthandizira kuteteza dimba ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphutsi za majeremusi, tizirombo tina tomwe timapangidwa kuti tichite mankhwalawa zingathandize. Nthawi zambiri, zida zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi: Actara, Calypso, Avant, Lannat, etc.
Komabe, ngakhale mutafuna kugwiritsa ntchito sulfate yamkuwa kapena mankhwala ena amakono, asanagwiritse ntchito ndikofunikira kuti awerenge malangizo kuti agwiritse ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali mankhwala m'masitolo omwe adapangidwa kuti azikapangira mitundu yokhayo yamitengo yazipatso. Kuti chithandizo chotere chikwaniritse zomwe mumayembekezera, mutha kuchita ndi yankho la mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso fungicides yolumikizana. Kuchita bwino kwa mwambowu kumawonjezeka nthawi zambiri, chifukwa izi sizingothandiza kupulumutsa nkhokwe kuzomera ndi matenda, komanso kupewa kutulukanso kwawo mtsogolo.
Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kungakuthandizireni kulima m'm mankhwala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza otetezeka kutengera zitsamba, fodya ndi malalanje. Njira yakukonzekera kwake ndi motere:
- mtsuko wa lita-3 umatengedwa ndikudzazidwa ndi fodya wosankhidwa mu 200 g;
- ndiye muyenera kuyika mankhusu angapo a adyo ndi kuchuluka kofanana kwa anyezi, singano ndi peels za lalanje;
- zitatha izi, madzi otenthetsedwa mpaka madigiri 70 amathiridwa muzosakaniza izi;
- banki iyenera kusindikizidwa modabwitsa ndikupeza malo otentha, komwe ikayime sabata limodzi;
- nthawi ikakwana, tincture yomalizidwa iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ofunda mu 10 l;
- kenako kapangidwe kake kamayenera kusakanikirana bwino ndikuwonjezeramo magawo 100 g a sopo yophwanyika;
- Tsopano malonda ali okonzeka, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiritsa mundawo. Ngati ndi kotheka, imatha kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku 10-12. Komabe, izi zitha kuchitika musanafike maluwa.
Kusanthula mundawo mchaka chisanafike komanso nthawi ya maluwa
Ndikotheka kuchita kukonzekera mitengo ya tchire masamba asanaphuke. Izi sizingothandiza kupewa kuvulaza mbozi za mbozi ya apulo, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha nkhanambo ndi bala. Kukonzekera yankho, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Karbofoks. Kuti muchite izi, imwani 70 g ya mankhwalawa ndikuwonjezera madzi 10 mg pamafiriji. Komabe, ngati mitengo ndi zitsamba zayamba kale kuphuka, ndiye kuti ndizosatheka kuchita izi.
Kubwezeretsanso mitengo yazipatso kutha kuchitika kumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa. M'pofunika kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi kachilombo ka mitengo ndi zitsamba mu nyengo yotsatila, komanso kuwonjezera kukaniza kwa kubzala kwa matenda.
Nthawi zambiri, inflorescence imamasuka panthawi yomwe nkhupakupa zimawoneka zomwe zatha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Kuchita nawo kungathandize. sodium sulufuleKukonzekera yankho, muyenera kumwa magalamu 80 a 70% ya mankhwala ndikuwonjezera madzi okwanira 10 malita. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti chithandizo ichi chichitike munthawi yake, apo ayi chifukwa chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zingachitike mbeu zanu zonse zidzavutika.
Chithandizo cha masika m'munda kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda pakuwonekera kwa thumba losunga mazira
Mu gawo lomaliza la kulima masika, ntchito yayikulu yomwe iyenera kuthetsedwa ndikuteteza zipatso za mbewu zatsopano ku matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo tomwe timatsalira. Komabe, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyang'ane kaye mayimidwewo kuti muwone ngati pali adani owoneka pamitengo ndi zitsamba. Kupatula apo, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu, ndiye kuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo, mutha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri m'mimba mwake.
Monga mankhwala opopera mbewu ya zipatso, kusankha mutha kuyimitsidwa mkuwa oxychloride, Bordeaux madzimadzi, urea. Amaloledwanso kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera komwe kumakhala kopita konsekonse. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuchita mankhwalawa ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Kupanda kutero, pali mwayi kuti mutatha kupopera masamba azilandira zowopsa.
Malangizo othandiza kuchokera kwa wamaluwa odziwa ntchito
Kuchepetsa kwamasamba pamunda sikukutanthauza kuti malamulo ake ndi okhazikika. Komabe, pali zovuta zina, poganizira zomwe mungagwire bwino ntchito imeneyi.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ngati mukufuna kuwononga tizirombo ndi matenda, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchitira gawo lililonse la mitengo ndi tchire ndi yankho logwira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mkuwa wamkuwa. Nthawi zambiri ntchitoyi imayamba ndi korona, kenako ndikupita kunthambi, ndipo pamapeto pake imakonza thunthu ndi dothi muzu.
Nthawi ndi ntchito. Ndikwabwino kupanga nthawi yamaluwa m'mawa. Ndikofunika kusankha tsiku louma ndi lotentha la ntchitoyi, pomwe sikungakhale kotentha. Potere, mutatha kukonza, yankho lidzatha kuyamwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuchita mwachangu. Zotsatira zake, mudzakhala otsimikiza kuti masamba ndi inflorescence sangakhudzidwe.
Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa yankho. Zotsatira za ulimi wamaluwa wamasamba zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Ngati ndikofunikira kuti musangowononga tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso kuti musawononge mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo. Mutha kudziwa ngati mukuyang'ana malangizo a chida china chake. Kudziwa izi, kudzakhala kosavuta kuti mumvetsetse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe mukufuna.
- kukonza kwa mtengo umodzi wachinyamata kumatenga pafupifupi malita 1.5 a njira;
- pa munthu wamkulu - malita 5.5.
Pakupopera tchire, njira ina ingafunikire - kuchokera pa 0.6 mpaka 1.5 malita. Ndizolondola kunena kuchuluka kwamadzi ofunikira, podziwa kukula kwa korona.
Pomaliza
Olima maluwa aluso amadziwa momwe angakhalire zokolola zabwino. Kuti achite izi, nthawi zonse amalima mundawo. Kuphatikiza apo, amayamba kuchita nawo bizinesiyo kasupe. Kufunika kwa mwambowu ndikosavuta kudyetsa, chifukwa zimatengera momwe mitengo ndi zitsamba zidzatetezedwe ku tizilombo ndi matenda. Podziwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ngati kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito, ngakhale wobiriwira nthawi yachilimwe amatha kuyembekezera kuti kumapeto kwa nyengo mundawo udzamupatsa zipatso zambiri zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi.
