Begonia kunyumba

Chomera monga begonia (Begonia) ndichimodzi mwazambiri zodziwika bwino za banja la begonia. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi cha mitundu mitundu ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatha kupezeka m'mapiri mwachilengedwe, ndipo zimakonda kumera pamalo okwera mamitala 3,000,000 pamtunda wa nyanja, zimapezekanso m'nkhalango zachilengedwe zotentha. Ndipo mbewuzi zimapezeka m'mapiri a India, pazisumbu za ku Malaysia, ku Himalayas, ku Sri Lanka ndi kumadzulo kwa Africa. Pali lingaliro kuti begonia imachokera ku Africa, kenako mbewu iyi idabwera ku America ndi Asia. Masiku ano, zopitilira 1/3 zamitundu yonse yazomerazi zimamera ku Africa.

M'zaka za m'ma 1700, mmonke wina dzina lake Charles Plumier adapeza begonia ndipo adawafotokozera. Izi zidachitika paulendo wa paulendo wa a Antilles, omwe cholinga chawo chinali chotenga mbewu. Adapeza mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mbewu yotere, yomwe adatcha dzina la M. Begon, yemwe anali kazembe wa Fr. Haiti, yemwe mmonke anali mnzake. Mpaka pano, mbewuyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndipo imalimidwa m'nyumba komanso m'mundamo. Pansipa tikambirana za begonia yachipinda ndi momwe mungabzalire moyenera, momwe mungasamalire, momwe ungafalitsidwe, ndi zambiri zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza.

Maonekedwe a Begonia

Kuphatikiza pazomwe zilipo pafupifupi mitundu chikwi chimodzi, pakadali pano pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yopitilizidwa. Potengera izi, kufotokozerana za mbewuyi kulibe. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zoterezi m'magulu osiyanasiyana zimagawika maluwa okongoletsera komanso okongoletsa, odabwitsa komanso okhazikika, osatha komanso zopatsa chidwi, zokwawa komanso zazitali, zocheperako komanso zazitali kwambiri. Ogulitsa maluwa amalima kunyumba zopitilira mitundu yambiri, ndipo zonse zimafunikira kuti zizisamalidwa zikaulidwa kunyumba chimodzimodzi.

Begonia amasamalira kunyumba

Momwe angasamalire begonias

Begonia, wokula pakhomo, ayenera kulimbikira. Pankhaniyi, akuyenera kusankha malo amodzi mchipinda chomwe duwa limayima nthawi zonse. Malowa akuyenera kuwalalidwa bwino, koma mmera suyenera kuwululidwa kuti udzutse dzuwa. Mitundu yamaluwa okongoletsera imakhala yojambulitsa, pazomwezi, pakuyika kwawo ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha windowsill yakumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Mtengowo umamva bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa madigiri 18 nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Komabe, nthawi yachilimwe, imatha kupirira kutentha kwina.

Popeza mbewu iyi ndi yotentha, imafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. Komabe, sikulimbikitsidwa kupukusa masamba a maluwa kuchokera kutsitsi, chifukwa pambuyo pa njirayi mawanga a bulauni amapangika pamtunda. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi (makamaka nthawi yozizira, pomwe mpweya wouma ndi zida zotenthetsera), muyenera kutembenuza poto ndikuyiyika mu poto yokulirapo, ndiye kuti chidebe chomwe chili ndi duwa chimayikidwa pamwamba pake. Kuzungulira poto wokutayirani, thirani dongo lokwanira ndikunyowetsa, ndikuonetsetsa kuti limanyowa nthawi zonse.

Begonia imafunikira malo, pankhaniyi, posankha malo ake pazenera, pomwe mbewu zina zayima kale, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Komanso, duwa limafunikira mpweya wabwino mwatsatanetsatane, pomwe liyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha pang'ono. Ngati izi sizikwaniritsidwa, duwa limayamba kumera, komanso kutaya masamba ndi maluwa.

Kusankha dothi ndi mphika

Musanapitirize ndi kubzala mwachindunji kwa begonias, muyenera kusankha poto yabwino kwambiri. Zomera zoterezi, zimalimbikitsidwa kusankha poto yaying'ono, yomwe imayenera kupangidwa ndi ceramic. Chifukwa chake, mainchesi achidebe akuyenera kupitilira kukula kwa mizu ya maluwa ndi masentimita 3-4 okha. Ngati yabzalidwe mumphika wokulirapo, mbewuyo imatha kudwala chifukwa chakuthirira pansi, ndipo m'nthaka, imaphuka pang'ono. Mutha kugula kusakaniza kopangidwa ndi dothi kosaloledwa m'malo ogulitsira apadera, koma ngati mungafune, mutha kuphika nokha. Kuti muchite izi, phatikizani pepala lapansi, mchenga, peat, turf (mutha kusinthidwa ndi humus), mutengedwa ndi chiyerekezo cha 2: 1: 1: 1. Asidi acidity ayenera kukhala pafupifupi pH 5.5 mpaka 6.5.

Kubzala kwa Begonia

Chidebe chopangidwira 1/3 cha kubzala begonia chimadzala ndi zinthu zotulutsira madziwo. Kenako ndikofunika kuyikapo hafu-masentimita awiri, komwe ndikofunikira kupewa kutulutsa. Pambuyo pake, duwa lokha liyenera kuyikidwa mu chidebecho pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi ndipo zonse zomwe zatsala ndikudzaza zofunikira zonse zophatikizika ndi zosakaniza ndi dothi. Mbewu ikabzala, iyenera kuthiriridwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala begonia kasupe kuyambira theka lachigawo la Marichi, pambuyo pa kuwunikira ndi nthawi yayitali masana kukhala yoyenera kukula kwake. Ngati mbewuyo ndi yabwino, ndiye kuti pamafunika kumera koyambirira. Kuti muchite izi, tubers timayikidwa pamwamba pa gawo (m'manda) osati m'manda, ndikutsukidwa m'malo ozizirirapo (16 mpaka 18 madigiri) okhala ndi mpweya wokhala ndi chinyezi 60 mpaka 70 peresenti.

Momwe mungamwere

Ngati begonia yakula m'nyumba, imangofunika kuthiriridwa bwino. Zomera zotere zimakonda chinyezi, koma sizifunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chinyezi chikhale chokwanira, apo ayi malangizo a mapaleti ayamba kupukuta. Komabe, nthawi yotentha, nyengo yotentha, begonia iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka, koma kusasunthika kwamadzi mu mizu kuyenera kupewedwa. Iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa firiji, komwe kuyenera kutetezedwa kwa maola osachepera 24. Kutsirira kumalimbikitsidwa kuchitika pokhapokha pakuwuma pamwamba pa sentimita kuya. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi komanso pang'ono, koma ngati muli ndi mitundu yambiri yamatumba, ndiye kuti nthawi ino ya chaka sikuyenera kuthiriridwa madzi konse.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kuti begonia ikule komanso kukula bwino, pamafunika kudyetsedwa munthawi yake. Kudyetsa kwamitundu yamaluwa okongoletsera kuyenera kuyamba nthawi ya budding ikayamba. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi imodzi m'masabata awiri ndipo feteleza wophatikizira wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Kupangika kwa thumba losunga mazira kuyambira, mmera adzafunika kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous (Ovary, Bud, Bloom). Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni ziyenera kudyetsedwa mitundu ya masamba okongoletsa kokha, mwinanso kutulutsa maluwa okongoletsera sikungayambe konse.

Momwe mungasinthire

Kuti chomera chikule bwino, chikuyenera kusinthidwa mwadongosolo. Kuika kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya masika, nyengo ya kukula isanayambe. Zoti chomera chimasinthidwa chimawonetsedwa ndi mizu yake, yomwe imayamba kuwoneka kuchokera m'maenje okumba. Chomera chimayenera kutulutsidwa m'chidebe ndikuchotsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Kenako mizu iyenera kutsitsidwa kukhala njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, utoto wake womwe uyenera kukhala wopinki. Zitatha izi, mizu imayenera kutsukidwa pang'ono, kuchotsa dothi lotsalira, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otetezedwa bwino pamenepa. Kenako, mizu imayesedwa ndipo maderawo omwe zowola zimakhalapo. Mizu ikadzuka, mbewuyo imabzalidwe m'chidebe chokulirapo. Momwe mungachite izi molondola tafotokozazi. Pambuyo povula, begonia iyenera kuyikidwa m'malo mwake. Poyamba, amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi.

Kuika zatsopano zachinyamata ndizosavuta, ndipo zimayankha motere. Komabe, zonena zachikulire ndizovuta kuzisintha, chifukwa zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri osalimba. Pankhaniyi, duwa litatembenuka zaka 3, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ligawidwe m'magawo angapo.

Begonia nthawi yachisanu

Mitundu yobiriwira nthawi zonse imakhala yotentha. Mitundu yaubwinobwino imafunikira nthawi yayitali yokhala. Zomwe zimasamalidwa nthawi yayitali mu nthawi yozizira, pomwe pali nthawi yopuma, zimadalira mitundu. Pakadali pano, zowoneka ngati tchire komanso zokongoletsera zimayikidwa pamalo pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kuchokera ku 15 mpaka 22 degrees ndipo pali chinyezi chambiri (chifukwa mumatha kupachika zigamba zonyowa pamapaipi otentha kapena kugula mpweya wofutira).

Kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira, mawonekedwe a machubu a mbewuyi amayamba kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Masamba amauma ndikufa, chifukwa cha izi, maluwa oterewa sayenera kuthiriridwa pang'ono. Pambuyo pa kufa kwathunthu kwa gawo lam'mwambowo ndi chomera, ndikofunikira kukonzanso malo ozizira (kuyambira madigiri 10 mpaka 15) nyengo yonse yachisanu. Izi zimachitika kuti mbeu zobiriwira "sizikufuna" kukonzekera nthawi yotsika, pamenepa ayenera kukakamizidwa kutero, mwinanso chaka chamawa simudzawona maluwa opepuka. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo gawo la chomera lomwe lili pamwamba pa nthaka lifunika kudulidwa.

Njira zofalitsira chipinda cha begonia

Momwe mungafalitsire

Zomera zoterezi zimatha kufesedwa ndi mbewu kapena masamba (zimayambira, kudula masamba, kugawa chitsamba kapena tuber kapena rhizome). Njira yosavuta komanso yachangu kwambiri ndi yokongola.

Kukula begonias kuchokera ku mbewu

Nyemba za nthangala zimatha kudulidwa mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Kufesa kumachitika m'masiku omaliza a February kapena woyamba wa Marichi. Kuti muchite izi, mbewu zazing'onoting'ono ziyenera kugawidwa pamtunda wa gawo (musatseke). Kenako chidebecho chimayenera kusamutsidwira pamalo abwino owala, otentha, ndikachifundanso ndi film kapena galasi. Zomera zamadzi ziyenera kudutsa poto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito sprayer. Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, muyenera kuchotsa pabwino pabwino. Sankhani amapangidwa pambuyo poti masamba atatu kapena anayi owona apangidwe pazomera. Pakatha milungu 8, mbewu zazing'onozi zimatha kuziika m'miphika imodzi. Abigaoni oterewa amatha kuyamba kutulutsa mchaka choyamba, komabe, kuti izi zitheke, nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuwunikira kowonjezera.

Gawo la tuber (rhizome)

Pofalitsa mitundu yazodala, kugawa kwa rhizome kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu April. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutulutsa duwa kuti lichotse dothi ndikugawa nthambizo m'magawo angapo ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, ndipo kugawanika kulikonse kumayenera kukhala ndi mizu komanso 1 mphukira kapena impso. Ikani mabala anu kuti awazidwe ndi makala odulidwa. Zitatha izi, Delenki adabzala m'mbale zofunikira.

Chizindikiro cha chomera chachikulire chitha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Pambuyo pa izi, muyenera kudikirira mpaka malo a magawowo awume pang'ono ndikuwasesa ndi makala osadulidwa. Kenako zopangidwazo zimabzalidwa mumzinthu chilichonse.

Kufalikira kwa begonia ndikudula

Njira yosavuta kwambiri yazomera zonse zakupangika ndikudula. Zidula zokhala ndi masamba atatu kapena 4 a masamba azidulidwa kuchitsamba. Kotero kuti zowola sizimawoneka pazilondazo, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi makala. Kenako phesi liyenera kubzalidwa posakaniza masamba ndi peat nthaka ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1). Chotetezachi chimayikidwa pamalo otentha abwino pomwe satha kufikira dzuwa. Zidulidwe zimafuna kuthirira moyenera, choncho nyowetsani nthaka pokhapokha dothi lifupika mpaka masentimita 1 mpaka 2. Mizu yodzidulira ikhoza kumizidwa mu kapu yamadzi. Mizu yake imakhazikika pakatha milungu pafupifupi 4.

Kufalitsa kwa Begonia ndi tsamba

Popeza mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu komanso owondera, amatha kufalitsa ndikuwadula masamba. Komanso, pakubala, zonse pepala lonse ndi mbali yake ndizoyenera. Ngati begonias adalalidwa ndi tsamba lonse, ndiye kumbali yake yolakwika ndikofunikira kupangitsa mitsempha yayikulu. Kenako pepalalo limayikidwa ndi mbali yosasanjika pamchenga wonyowa, womwe uyenera kuwerengedwa pasadakhale. Pambuyo pake, imakhazikika m'malo ano. Kutsirira kumachitika kudzera poto. Pakadutsa milungu pafupifupi 8, mizu imayamba kuoneka kuti idapangidwa, ndipo patapita kanthawi pang'ono mbewu zazing'ono zimayamba kukula. Achichepere olimba okulirapo amayenera kupatulidwa ndikudzalidwa mu dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi, mchenga ndi peat (1: 1: 1).

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Ma nsabwe, nthata zofiira ndi maula zimatha kukhazikika m'chipinda cha begonia. Nkhupakupa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimayamwa msuzi pachomera, chifukwa cha izi zimataya kukongoletsa kwake ndikukula kwake ndikuchepa. Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, Karbofos kapena Actellik amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito 2 kapena 3 mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi milungu 1-1,5. Ndipo kuthana ndi nkhupakupa, amagwiritsa ntchito chida monga Derris, Decis kapena ma acaricides ena. Mukakhala ndi matendawa, chomera chimayenera kuponyedwa kunja, chifukwa simungathe kuzichotsa. Mutha kudziwa kuti begonia imayambukiridwa ndi nematode ndi decolorized tsamba platinamu komanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mizu.

Begonia imatha kutenga matenda monga imvi zowola, kuzungulira kwa mizu yakuda, botritis, kwenikweni kapena thonje. Fundazole, Quadrice, Bordeaux madzi, Skor kapena zina zofanana ndi izi zithandizira kuchiritsa mbewu. Komanso, mbewuyi imatha kutenga matenda mosavuta ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: mwachitsanzo: kuyera kwa bakiteriya, nkhaka zithunzi, phwetekere. Matendawa ayenera kuwonongedwa.

Begonia imawuma

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti masamba a masamba amayamba kuuma. Cholinga cha izi ndikuti chipindacho ndichotentha komanso chouma, komanso kuthilira moperewera. Pankhaniyi, begonia iyenera kuthiriridwa ndikuyika malo abwino, pomwe mphikawo uyenera kuyikiridwa pa tray inverated (zambiri apa zatchulidwa pamwambapa).

Begonia imasanduka chikaso

Izi zimachitika kuti pena pake pali masamba a mphete kapena mawonekedwe amtundu wachikaso - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kufalikira kwa mbewuyo ndi blotch ya phwetekere kapena masamba a nkhaka. Zonena zowononga ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Ngati masamba asintha chikasu ndikuwuma, ndiye chifukwa chake izi ndikuti mbewuyo ndi yozizira kwambiri, ndipo nthaka ili ndi madzi ambiri. Yembekezani mpaka gawo loyambira mumphika lithe bwino, kenako ndikusunthira duwa pamalo otentha.

Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu ya begonias yokhala ndi zithunzi

Palibe gulu lililonse la begonias pakadali pano. Komabe, m'mabuku apadera ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zosankha zakugawidwa kwa mitundu yazomera zomwe zapatsidwa, mwachitsanzo: maluwa okongoletsa komanso okongoletsa-deciduous; amagawanikanso mawonekedwe a chomera pansi panthaka kuti akhale othandiza kwambiri, okhala ndi mizu yayikulu komanso yopanda mizu; pali omwe amagawa mitundu iyi m'magulu otsatirawa - zitsamba, masamba okongoletsera komanso tubered. Komabe, masiku ano, akatswiri akutembenukiranso m'gululo:

bushy ndi yoyera babbukoobraznymi zimayambira;
ndi chosinthika komanso chopondera drooping kapena zimayambira zokwawa;
ndi chizungulire m'malo mokhala mabedi kapena malo okhala;
mitundu yomwe ndiyomwe imayambitsa maluwa osakanizidwa a hybrid begonias.

Komabe, pakulima kwanyumba, kugawa kotsatiraku ndikosavuta:

zokongoletsera zamaluwa zokongoletsera;
masamba okongoletsa masamba obzala m'nyumba;
zokongoletsera maluwa zamphika.

Pansipa mudzatchulidwa mayina amtundu wa mbewu zotere zomwe zimakonda kwambiri maluwa azinyama, ndi kufotokoza kwawo, komanso mitundu wamba.

Leg Begonia

Royal begonia (Begonia rex)

Malo omwe maluwa oterowo ndi East India. Amadziwika kuti ndi wokongola kwambiri. Otsala adagwiritsa ntchito mtunduwu kupanga mitundu yambiri yokongoletsa masamba, komanso mitundu yosakanizidwa. Mtengowo uli ndi nthangala, yomwe imakhuthala, ndipo masamba ake akuluakulu owoneka bwino kapena opanda mawonekedwe pang'ono amafikira masentimita 20 m'lifupi ndi masentimita 30 kutalika. Mawonekedwe awo owoneka ngati mtima ndi asymmetrical, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala mulingo wosasunthika kapena wavy. Mitundu ya masamba imatha kukhala ya bulauni, ya burashi-velvety kapena yofiirira, nthawi zina mawanga a siliva kapena ofiira ofiira amatha kuwonekera pamtunda. Pali mitundu yosakanizidwa, masamba a masamba omwe ndi pafupifupi akuda, ndipo mawanga a rasipiberi ali pamaso pawo. Pa maluwa, maluwa apinki amawoneka osakhala amtengo wokongoletsa.

Mitundu yotchuka:

Cartagena - ma penti oval omwe adakulungidwa ndi zipolopolo amapaka utoto wakuda. Gawo lapakati pa tsamba limakhala lofiirira, koma ndi ukalamba limasintha mtundu wake kukhala maula. Patsamba lobiriwira pali masamba amtundu wa siliva, omwe kuwala kwake ndi kwapinki.
Siliva Greenhart - mbale zokhala ndi masamba opangidwa ndi siliva zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mtima, zilinso ndi malire amtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa siliva.
Kirimu wa Chocolite - pepalalalalalidi limapindika ndipo chapakati pake limapakidwa utoto wowoneka bwino. Tsamba lina lonse ili ndi mtundu wa siliva wokhala ndi pinki.
Kuwala kwamadzulo - masamba amtunduwo ndi a saizi yayitali, ndipo gawo lawo lapakati limapakidwa utoto wokulirapo. Mbale zofiirira zofiirira zobiriwira zimasiyanitsidwa pakati ndi gawo la pepala la rasipiberi. Masamba ali ndi m'mphepete mwa rasipiberi.
Haleluya - Ili ndi masamba akulu omwe amatuluka kuzungulira petioles. Amapakidwa utoto wofiirira wopepuka. Gawo lapakati komanso m'mphepete mwa masamba amtundu wa chitumbuwa, pomwe pakati pawo pali mzere wobiriwira wamtundu wobiriwira, pamwamba pake pomwe pali timiyala tating'ono tasiliva.

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, alimi nawonso amakulitsa ena. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yotsatirayi ndi mitundu yosakanizidwa ndi yotchuka kwambiri: Pearl de Paris, Regal Minuet, Silver Corkscrew, Black Fang, November Frost, Liliane, Red Tengo, Titika, Benitochib, Dyudrop, Charm, etc.

Tiger begonia (Begonia bowerae), kapena Bauer begonia, kapena maple tsamba begonia

Malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi Mexico. Tchire limakhala lotsika (losaposa 25 sentimita), lili ndi mphukira zokwawa ndi masamba amtundu wamtambo wobiriwira, m'mphepete mwake pomwe mumapezeka madontho a bulauni kapena akuda. Kunja kwa masamba ndi kupindika. Maluwa a pinki osawoneka bwino ndi gawo limodzi la inflorescence yotakasuka. Mtunduwu sungamapezeka kuthengo. Chifukwa cha akatswiri, ambiri mitundu yokongola kwambiri idabadwa.

Otchuka kwambiri ndi:

Tiger - mphukira zokwawa zitha kutalika masentimita 10. Mtengo wamkuwa uli pansi pamapepala velvety; mzere wamtundu wa bulauni umayenda m'mitsempha. Pamwamba pa petioles zofiira zowala pali mawanga.
Cleopatra - pamtunda wa mapaletiwa pali utoto wonyezimira, ndipo amatha kusintha mtundu wawo posintha kuwala. Mbali yolakwika ya timapepala ta burgundy kapena mtundu wofiira.

Begonia coral (Begonia corallina)

Ma begonia oterewa ndi theka-shrub, ndipo kwawo ndi nkhalango zotentha za ku Brazil. Kunyumba, mbewuyo imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 100. Ili ndi nsapato zooneka ngati nsungwi, zowoneka bwino komanso zopanda mabowo. Masamba oboweka ovoid oboola masamba ali ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu. Kutalika, amatha kufikira masentimita 20, ndipo m'lifupi - masentimita 7. Pamaso penipeni pa masamba obiriwira oyang'ana masamba pali masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa siliva, pomwe mbali ya msokoyo ndi yobiriwira. Ma Peduncle ali ndi mtundu wamakorali. Amakhala ndi maluwa, omwe ali gawo la inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a burashi. Mitundu yotchuka:

Alfalfa - mbale zazikulu zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira zimakhala ndi m'mphepete mozungulira, mabala a siliva kutsogolo kwawo, ndipo mbali yolakwika imakhala ndi mtundu wofiira.
Purezidenti Carnot - ma pepala a chithokomiro m'munsi amachotsedwa, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumakhala madzi ochepa. Masamba amafikira masentimita 30 m'litali mwake, ndi 15 sentimita m'lifupi. Amakhala obiriwira achikuda ndipo pamakhala mawanga oyera.

Carolinolith begonia (Begonia carolineifolia)

Izi ndi zina mwa maluwa akale kwambiri. Kwawo ndi Mexico. Kukula kwa chowombera zokwawa pafupifupi masentimita anayi. Tizilombo tating'ono tambiri tomwe timayala ma petioles ta utoto tofiirira. Kutalika, masamba osapitirira 35 cm, pali malo owonekera bwino. Maluwa obiriwira obiriwira ndi gawo limodzi lotulutsa inflorescence wokhala ndi burashi. Maluwa amayamba mu Okutobala.

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iyi, alimi a maluwa amatchuka: wamizeremizere, zitsulo, Beauvaire, chikasu, chonyezimira, Mason, hogweed, oyera, ofiirira, ofiira, okhathamira, achifumu, etc.

Kukongoletsa kwamaluwa

Begonia Begonia (Begonia semperflorens)

Kutalika kwa chitsamba chomata sikupitirira masentimita 60. Mu chomera chochepa, zimayambira zimakhala zowoneka bwino, koma pakupita nthawi zimatenga mawonekedwe ampel kapena semi-ampel. Zingwe zowongoka zozungulira m'mphepete zimakhala ndi pubescence pang'ono, ndipo zimafikira masentimita 6. Amatha kupaka utoto wakuda kapena utoto wobiriwira, ndipo amapezeka ndi mtundu wofiyira. Maluwa aang'ono (awiri pafupifupi 25 mm) kapena otheka, amatha kujambulidwa ndi pinki, oyera kapena ofiira. Ndi gawo limodzi lama inflorescence, omwe amakhala kanthawi kochepa. Maluwa otseguka amasangalala ndi kukongola kwawo kwakanthawi ndipo posachedwa kumera, koma amasinthidwa mwachangu ndi atsopano. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, kuwala kwabwino komanso kuvala kwapafupipafupi, abuluzi oterewa amatha kutulutsa nyengo yachisanu. Mitundu yotchuka:

Gustav ku Knaak - kutalika kwa chitsamba chong'ambika kumatha kufika pafupifupi 30 cm. Masamba a masamba obiriwira ali ndi malire ofiira. Madawo awiri a maluwa a carmine ali pafupifupi masentimita atatu, ndipo ali gawo la inflorescence.
Carmen - pachitsamba chokulirapo koma pali masamba a bulauni omwe amakhala ndi anthocyanin. Palinso maluwa ambiri apinki.
Amber - kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupita masentimita 15, masamba ofunda ndi a bulauni, ndipo m'mimba mwake mwa maluwa apinki siopitilira masentimita atatu.
Bicol - kutalika kwa tchire kumafika masentimita 14. Masamba ndiwobiliwira, ndipo maluwa oyera ali ndi malire a pinki.
Orania - Kachitsamba kakang'ono, komwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita 16. Masamba a masamba obiriwira ali ndi malire ofiira. Maluwa ndi ofiira-lalanje.

Ndipo olima maluwa amakonda kulima mitundu yamtunduwu monga: Bella, Rozanova, Linda, Othello, Teicher, Leila, Lucifer, Scarletta, Albert Martin, Ball Red, Kate Teicher ndi ena.

Begonia Elatior (Begonia x elatior)

Mtundu wosakanizidwa woterewu umaonedwa ngati wowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso wotulutsa maluwa ambiri kwambiri. Pakati pa begonias anyumba, mbewu zotere ndizomwe zimakonda. Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupita masentimita 40. Mphukira ndioterera, yopanda minofu, mawonekedwe a tsamba lotsatira looneka ngati masamba. Kutalika kwa masamba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 8, pomwe m'mphepete mwa iwo kudulidwa. Mbali yakutsogolo masamba imakhala yobiriwira bwino, ndipo mbali yolakwika ndi matte ndi utoto wonyezimira. Maluwa ndi gawo la inflorescence ndipo ali ndi maudzu ataliatali. Mitundu yotchuka:

Schwabenland - pachitsamba yayitali, komanso chamaluwa ambiri mumakhala maluwa ambiri ofiira.
Kukhalanso - pachitsamba chokulirapo pali maluwa okhathamira, omwe mafiyidwe ake ofiira amakhala.
Louise - maluwa omwe adakonzedwa mu utoto wonona wa kirimu, wokhala ndi kuwala kwapinki.
Pikisiki - pa chitsamba chodzaza ndi maluwa okongola a pinki.
Rose - Maluwa a Terry ali ndi mtundu wakuda wa pinki.

Zotchuka pakati pa alimi a maluwa ndi mitundu monga: Kyoto, Goldfinger, Azotus, Berlin, Charlach, Cleo, Annebel, Bellona ndi ena.

Ampelic Begonia (Begonia x tuberhybrida pendula)

Nthawi zambiri mtunduwu umakulidwa ngati dimba la maluwa kapena amakongoletsedwa ndi makonde ndi masitunda. Maluwa oterewa amakhala ndi zitsamba zomwe zimatsika m'makola, ndipo pamakhala maluwa ambiri. Kukula mbewu zotere, mabasiketi, wobzala kapena mapoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Maluwa amathanso kukhala akuthwa, owirikiza, apakati, komanso osavuta, ndipo amapakidwa utoto wofiira, wachikaso, oyera, pinki, lalanje, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitunduyi ya utoto. Maluwa amatha kukhala akulu, apakati komanso ochepa. Mitundu yotchuka:

Gale - pachitsamba chowongoka pali zopendekeka zazitali (pafupifupi masentimita 30), kumtunda kwake komwe kumakhala masamba obiriwira osindikizidwa. Maluwa opepuka a theka-apawiri m'mimba mwake amatha kutalika masentimita atatu.
Christie - chitsamba chowongoka chimakhala ndi mitengo yolimba yopanda masentimita 40 kutalika. Malilime a maluwa otentha ndi mainchesi 4, ndipo ali penti yoyera.
Roxana - chitsamba chaching'ono chimakhala ndi timitengo topindika, kutalika kwake sikupitirira masentimita 40. Maluwa awiri masentimita anayi amapaka utoto wa lalanje.
Katie - chitsamba chowongoka chimakhala ndi timitengo tosakhazikika, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Madawo a maluwa achikasu theka-awiri ndi masentimita 3.5.

Mitundu yotchuka ya hybrid yotchuka ya maluwa okongoletsera

Harlequin - kutalika kwa chitsamba chophukira mpaka 25cm, masentimita obiriwira ndi obiriwira, ndipo lalikulu (mainchesi 12 sentimita) maluwa ophatikizidwa awiri amapaka utoto wachikaso ndipo amakhala ndi mbali zofiira.
Chovala Chagolide - kutalika kwa chitsamba chofalikira kuli pafupifupi 25 cm. Masamba amtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa ofiira owoneka ngati pinki ndi okulirapo (m'mimba mwake masentimita 20) ndi utoto wachikaso.
Bakha Wofiyira - kutalika, chitsamba chowongoka sichifikira masentimita 16. Masamba ndi obiriwira obiriwira, ndipo maluwa owoneka ngati piyala amapaka utoto wofiirira. Danga lamaluwa ndi pafupifupi mainchesi 10, pomwe miyala yamkati ndi yotakata.
Camellia Flora - Kachitsamba kakang'ono kali ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 25. Masamba osalala ndi obiriwira. Maluwa akuluakulu (mainchesi pafupifupi 12 sentimita) maluwa a pinki ndi pinki, ndipo ma petals awo, omwe ali ndi mbali yoyera, amazipanga.
Crispa Marginata - kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi 15 cm. Zidutswa zokutidwa ndi masamba ndizopaka utoto ndipo zimakhala ndi zingwe zopyapyala. Maluwa akuluakulu (mainchesi pafupifupi 12 sentimitara) opaka utoto wamtambo ndi utoto yoyera ndipo amakhala ndi malire ofiira. Mbali zakumaso ndizovunda komanso ndizovala zambiri.
Amy Jean Bard - kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupitirira masentimita 12. Masamba a masamba obiriwira ndi ochepa kukula. Kuphatikizika kwa inflorescence kumaphatikizapo maluwa ang'onoang'ono asanu (mainchesi pafupifupi 3 sentimita) maluwa awiri okhala ndi mtundu wa lalanje.
Dayana Vinyard - kutalika kwa tchire laling'ono ndi pafupifupi masentimita 20. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa akulu (mainchesi pafupifupi 20 sentimita) amakhala ndi khungu loyera, komanso petals yozungulira.
Marmorata - kutalika kwa chitsamba chofalikira kuli pafupifupi 20 cm. Maluwa akulu (mainchesi pafupifupi 12 sentimita) amapaka utoto wofiirira, ndipo pamaso pawo pali timitengo yoyera.
Fireflamme - kutalika kwa chitsamba sikupita masentimita 20. Masamba a masamba ndi obiriwira ndipo mitsempha ndi rasipiberi. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (mainchesi pafupifupi 3 sentimita) amakhala ndi mtundu wamtundu wamitundu yayitali.