Mbiri yazomera zina zopangidwa ndi munthu ili ndi zaka masauzande angapo. Kudziwana ndi anthuriums, monga imodzi mwazinthu za banja la Aroid, kunayamba zaka zana limodzi ndi theka zapitazo, koma ngakhale panthawiyi nthano zambiri komanso malingaliro olakwika ena mosalekeza omwe amapezeka pafupi ndi mbewu.
Nthawi zambiri anthu amamva za mtundu wa Anthurium ndikuti maluwa omwe ndi abwino ndi omwe amakhala ku zilumba za Pacific, kuphatikizapo Hawaii. Zowonadi, kulowa paradiso wa dziko lapansi, palibe chomwe chingathandize koma kudabwitsidwa ndi kusasiyana kwa mbewu zam'mera, momwe ma Anthuriums amakhala amodzi mwa malo akuluakulu.
Masiku ano, ndi chikhalidwe ichi chomwe chimatengedwa kuti ndi "mtima waku Hawaii," chizindikiro komanso chithumwa chakumaloko. Mitundu yambiri yosakanikirana kwambiri komanso yosadziwika bwino imawonekera pazilumbazi, koma, mosiyana ndi nthano yomwe anthu aku Hawaii amakhulupirira, malo obadwira ku Anthurium kulibe pano.
Kodi kubadwa kwa anthurium kuli kuti?
Kutsegulidwa kwa imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yazomera kudachitika mu 1876, pomwe wokonda zachilengedwe wochokera ku France Eduard Andre, akuyendayenda ku South America, sanapeze chilichonse chofanizira cha anthurium pawenera pake. Chomera chomwe sichinachitikepo chilichonse chidatengedwa kupita ku Europe, komwe malo okhala nkhalango za Colombia adafotokozeredwa ndikulandila dzina la Anthurium andreanum.
Chomera chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso maudzu omata okhala ndi korona wama inflorescence ndi mabulangeti ofiira anapezeka kuti afalikira ku Colombia ndi kumpoto kwa Ecuador. Ndi malo awa omwe tingawaganizire kuti ndikubadwira ku Anthurium komanso ngati malo oyendetsera chikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Imodzi mwa malo oyamba kumene Anthuriums idagwa ndi zofuna za Azungu, ndipo idakhala Hawaii. Mu 1889, a Samuel Damon, omwe amagwira ntchito yaumishonale, adabweretsa zochuluka kuderali ndipo mpaka adakhala Unduna wa Zachuma ku Republic .. Adabweretsa zobiriwira zachilengedwe kuzilumba.
Kulakwitsa kwina kukugwirizana ndi zomwe mbewu zimatha kutchedwa anthurium. Tsoka ilo, maluwa ambiri amalima Anthurium andreanum ndi Anthurium scherzerianum okha ndi maluwa okongoletsa owala. Izi siziri choncho.
Zosiyanasiyana za Anthuriums
Zapezeka kuti ku South ndi Central America simangokhala mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi zowala zowoneka bwino, komanso mitundu ina yapafupi.
Amaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa Anthuriums ndipo ali ndi chidwi kwa onse omwe amakonda mbewu, kuphatikizapo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mbewu zamkati. Kufalikira kwa ma Anthuriums kunyumba ndi kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi kwakhala zovala zapamwamba zam'munda ndi zamaluwa, zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukopa kwakunja ndi kulimba kwa ngakhale kudula kwa inflorescence, kusungidwa kwatsopano kuyambira sabata 2 mpaka 8.
Masiku ano, molingana ndi kuyerekezera kosasamala kwambiri kwa asayansi, mtundu wa Anthurium, womwe madera ake amapezeka kumadera otentha komanso otentha kwambiri ku kontrakitala yaku America kuyambira ku Mexico kupita ku Paraguay, kuphatikiza mitundu 800. Ndipo mu 2010, a botanists adalengeza mitundu ya mitundu ya anthu miliyoni ndi kufunika kopitiliza kuphunzira bwino za maluwa ku America.
Ma Anthuriums afala kwambiri ku Andes ndi Cordillera. Apa, mbewu zimakonda kukhazikika pamalo okwera mpaka 3,5 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa anthu okhala m'malo otentha amatha kupezeka mbewu ndi ma epiphytes, komanso mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi niche yapakati. Anthu oterowo, kuyambira msinkhu wawo pang'onopang'ono m'nkhalango, pang'onopang'ono, mothandizidwa ndi mizu ndi mphukira, amakwera kumtunda. Pansipa, muma savannas omwe ali ndi nyengo youma, mutha kupezanso anthuriums, osinthika bwino ndi moyo wotere.
Kanema wonena za Anthurium kukudziwitsani za mbewu, malo awo ndikuyankhula za mitundu yoyenera kubzala m'nyumba.
Kusinthasintha kwa mitundu yonse yamitundu ya anthu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Amakongoletsa dothi, mitundu iliyonse payokha ndi epiphytes. Monga ngati zisa zazing'ono ndi zazikulu pa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi za mitengo zimawoneka ngati malo amtundu wa anthu. Komabe, mbewu sizomera. Samatenga zipatso ndi chakudya kuchokera ku mitundu yomwe yakuliridwira, koma amadya zochepa zazomwe zimapangidwa ndi chinyezi ndi mpweya.
Sing'anga yokhayo yomwe sanagonjere chomera ndi madzi.
Ngakhale lingaliro lalikulupo la chikondi cha Anthurium chinyezi komanso kuthekera kwakakulitsa mu malo am'madzi, palibe mtundu umodzi wa mitundu womwe umaphunzirawu womwe umatha kusintha moyo ndi madzi.
Mwachitsanzo, Anthurium amnicola amakula pamiyala ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amawamatira mwamphamvu ndi mizu. Izi zimapatsa mbewu mwayi wopeza mpweya kuchokera kumlengalenga koma kuchokera kumtsinje, koma malo onse obiriwira ndi owuma.
Ma Anthuriums onse ali ndi dziko limodzi - iyi ndi South ndi Central America. Koma chifukwa cha kukula kosiyanasiyana, kukula kwa anthurium ndi mawonekedwe ake kuchokera ku mitundu kupita mitundu imasiyana.
Kodi anthurium amawoneka bwanji?
Ma Anthuriums ndi osiyanasiyana, pomwe mitundu yambiri ilibe mabedi ofiira owoneka ngati ofiira, ndipo kukula kwake kwa mbewu kumatha kukhala kochepa komanso kopambana.
Ma Anthuriums amapezeka m'malo ambiri ku South ndi Central America. Koma monga amanenera mabizinesiwo, malo obadwira a Anthuriums okhala ndi maluwa owala ndi gawo lakumadzulo kwa Andes ku Ecuador ndi Colombia. Mitundu yotsalayo ndiyosachita chidwi osati chifukwa chowala ma inflorescence, koma makamaka chifukwa cha masamba, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi zazikulu zazikulu. Komabe, pa anthurium onse omwe amapezeka ndizofanana.
Mitambo yambiri imakhala ndi masamba, masamba, ofota, okhala ndi masamba ambiri masamba, masamba ndi masamba. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, masamba amtundu womwewo amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe, kukula ndi mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima kapena mphero, monga momwe mumapezeka maluwa ambiri, masamba, mutha kupeza mitundu yamitundu yozungulira, lanceolate, yolimba kapena yosasanja masamba. Masamba amalumikizidwa ndi zimayambira mothandizidwa ndi mapesi aatali kapena ochepa kwambiri.
Pamene tsinde likukula, anthurium pang'onopang'ono imadziwulula, kupatula mitundu yokhayo yapadziko lapansi.
Kukula kwa anthurium kumadalira mapepala, omwe amatha kutalika 15 cm mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Monga mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kwa masamba osiyanasiyana, momwemonso mitundu ya mawonekedwe ake. Kuphatikiza pa masamba achikopa komanso owala kwambiri, monga anthurium wa Andre, mutha kupezanso masamba osalala, komanso masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, monga anthurium a Khrustalny.
M'nkhalango zowirira, momwe chinyezi chimakhala chambiri, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye kuwala kamodzi kwa dzuwa, ma Anthuriums aphunzira kutembenuza masamba kuti azikhala nthawi zonse kuloza dzuwa. Ma Epiphytes omwe amakhala m'malo ouma amalandila chakudya ndi chinyezi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a rosette wamasamba. Zotsalira, manyowa, ndi chinyezi chofunikira chomera pang'onopang'ono zimagweramo.
Kutulutsa kwa maluwarium kumalumikizidwanso ndi malingaliro olakwika wamba padziko lonse lapansi. Zomwe ambiri amawona ngati maluwa akuluakulu, kwenikweni, ndi inflorescence ndi tsamba lowala, bract. Palinso inflorescence yanthete ya spathiphyllum.
Mtundu wa inflorescence wopangidwa ndi cob, wokhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino awiri osasinthika, ukhoza kukhala wowongoka kapena wowonekera, mwa mawonekedwe a chulu kapena wozungulira kumapeto kwa cylinder. Mtundu wa inflorescence umasiyana ndi yoyera, kirimu kapena chikasu mpaka mtundu wabuluu, wofiirira kapena wamtambo. Pakucha, mumtundu wina khutu limakhala lobiriwira.
Khutu la anthurium silizunguliridwa ndi khola lalikulu limodzi, koma ndi bract, lomwe kwenikweni ndi tsamba, ngakhale mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka kwambiri. M'mitundu mitundu ya anthurium, chivundikirachi ndi chachikulu kwambiri komanso chokongoletsa. Ndipo chifukwa chake lero mbewuyi imatchedwa "lacquer" kapena "utawaleza". Dzinali ndi loyenereradi kwa ma hybrids amakono okhala ndi mabedi osakhala amtundu umodzi wowala, koma kuphatikiza mithunzi iwiri kapena itatu yopezeka mwachilengedwe.
Koma mu mitundu yokongoletsa ndi yowola, ma bract nthawi zina amakhala ovuta kusiyanitsa, zomwe sizilepheretsa mbewu kukopa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu.
Ntchito yoyendetsa mungu ikamalizidwa, zipatso zazifupi kapena zowondazo zimapangidwa pamphako. Mkati mwa zipatso zamadzimadzi muli zipatso 1 mpaka 4, zomwe zachilengedwe, kudziko la anthuriums, zimanyamulidwa ndi mbalame ndi makoswe.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zakanema za Anthurium kunyumba
Kutchuka kwa mitundu ya maluwa a Anthurium kwapangitsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda padziko lonse lapansi kupeza mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids owoneka bwino. Otsala amawonetsa zomwe akwanitsa osati m'malo osungira zinthu zokha, komanso m'malo owonetsera maluwa, mwachitsanzo, pachaka cha chikondwerero cha Extravaganza chomera chotentha motsogozedwa ndi Princess of Wales.
Zotsatira zake, mbewu zokongola modabwitsa komanso zachilendo, zopangidwa ndi alimi amakono, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yomwe kale idapezeka kudziko la Anthurium, ku America.
Kupanga kwa haibridi kumalumikizidwa ndi kupukutidwa kwa mtengo umodzi ndi mungu wotengedwa kuchokera ku fanizo lina. Ntchito yotere imapangidwa kuti ipeze mitundu yokhala ndi zowala komanso zazikulu inflorescences, masamba okongola kapena magawo ena ofunikira ndi obereketsa. Kuphatikiza zotsatirazi, zimatenga nthawi yambiri ndikukula mibadwo yambiri yazomera.
Tekinolo zamakono, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukula osati kuchokera ku mbewu, koma kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chamtundu womwe umakhala ndi chidziwitso chonse chomera cha mayi, zitha kuchepetsa kukula ndi nthawi yosankha. Chifukwa cha ntchito zovuta zamtunduwu masiku ano, mbewu zambiri za anthurium zoperekedwa ndi malonda anyumba, dimba ndi kudula zimapezeka.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yayikulu yotereyi, anthurium adatulukira, makulidwe ake omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kuti akule bwino panyumba, komanso mbewu zomwe zili ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino. Koma zomwe sayansi yapeza ndi luso lopanga sizogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kuti athandize wobzala.
Tsoka ilo, olima ambiri amalonda amagwiritsa ntchito gibberellic acid kapena GA3 kukula anthuriums. Pulogalamuyi ndi mahormoni azomera omwe amakhudza kuchuluka ndi maluwa, komanso amathandizira pakupanga mwachangu inflorescence.
Zotsatira zake pokonzekera ndi mankhwala ofanana, anthurium omwe adapangidwira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito, osakhazikika, amalowa pa mpandawo mokwanira. Mukakhala mnyumba, zitsanzo zotere ndizovuta kulekerera, kenako zimatha kukhumudwitsa, chifukwa zimachita pachimake kwambiri modzichepetsa kuposa kale kugula.
