Mwa zina mwa ntchito zamaluwa za alimi, chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri ndi kukumba kwakanthawi masamba a mbewu zochuluka. Pambuyo pa maluwa ndi nthawi yakucha kwa mababu, "nyenyezi" zazikulu zamasamba - tulips, ndi primroses yokhala ndi anyezi yaying'ono - ayenera kukumba m'chilimwe. Sikuti mbewu zonse zomwe zimakumbidwa chaka chilichonse, koma zimasungidwa miyezi yotentha kwambiri kunja kwa dothi yomwe imakuthandizani kuti musunge mitundu yoyambirira ya maluwa "abwino nyenyezi" ambiri ndikupangitsa maluwa abwino kwambiri. Tekinoloje yosungirako babu mu chirimwe imakhala ndi malamulo ake okhwima komanso nthawi yayitali. Njira yokumba ndi kukalamba kunja kwa dothi sikukhululuka kunyalanyaza, makamaka posankha zinthu.
Kusungidwa kwa chilimwe kwa mababu.
Bwanji kukumba mababu m'chilimwe
Pafupifupi nyenyezi zonse za masika kuchokera ku banja la anyezi atatulutsa maluwa kutuluka kumunda, ngakhale masamba awo amawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Tulips, daffodils, ma hyacinths, ng'ona, komanso mababu ena oyambira maluwa, mutatha maluwa, pitani gawo lakucha la babu, kenako mpaka nthawi yayitali. Nthawi imeneyi, nyenyezi zonse zomwe zimakonda kwambiri za masika zimakhala pachiwopsezo chambiri chambiri, kutentha kwambiri ndi zina zosangalatsa za nyengo yotentha yosakhazikika m'magawo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Zotsatira zakufalikira pamtundu wa makoswe omwe amakonda kusinthanitsa ndi anyezi, kunyowa komanso kuwola, mapangidwe a ana ochepa kwambiri omwe sangakhale m'nthaka ndikupulumuka nthawi yozizira, zina mwa mbewu sizimatha.
Njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti muwona mababu omwe mumawakonda kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikukuwumba m'chilimwe. Zomera sizidzafunikira ndi mtundu womwewo, koma ngakhale mbewu zosasamala kwambiri zidzafuna posachedwa.
Kukumba ndikonso chinsinsi cha maluwa apamwamba: njira yodziyimira maluwa ndi yolimbikitsa maluwa yonse yonse imafunikira kusankhidwa kwamikhalidwe kwambiri pamalo opumira. Ndipo m'nthaka yotseguka ndikosatheka kuwongolera kutentha ndikupereka chouma chofunikira.
Kukula kwa chilimwe kukumba kwa mababu:
- daffodils kapena muscari amakumbidwa pokhapokha ngati akufuna kufalitsa mbewuzo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zampweya ndi kupeza mbewu yabwino ya mababu, ndikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwamaluwa pafupipafupi kuyambira nthawi 1 mpaka zaka 3 mpaka nthawi 1;
- mamba amatsalira m'malo amodzi mpaka zaka 5;
- amakumba tulips chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha hybrids zamakono, kapena kamodzi pazaka 2-3 zilizonse pazakale;
- kusinthasintha komwe kumakwanira kwa hazel grouse;
- ma hyacinths amafunika kukumba pachaka;
- maluwa oyera osowa, kandyk, chipale chofewa, Pushkinia, chionodox amakumbidwa pafupipafupi zaka 4-5.
Kukumba kwa mababu kuti muthane ndikusungirako chilimwe.
Kuchuluka kwa zochuluka za babu
Olima minda ya Novice nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza nthawi yabwino yokumba mbewu zochulukitsa. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi njira imodzi yosavuta yopangira anyezi. Pafupifupi mwezi utatha maluwa, zomerazi zimayamba kusanduka chikaso kenako pang'onopang'ono masamba. Njirayi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu choti mutha kuyamba kukumba mababu ndi maluwa oyambirira. Palibe madeti ofikira kukumba, koma amachitika osati kale kuposa chikasu, masamba awiri apamwamba, ndipo nthawi zonse sipakhala zobiriwira. Ngati tingalole kufota masamba onse, simungapeze malo a mababu kapena kuwononga mukakumba "mwachisawawa." Chokha chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi daffodils, yomwe imangodikira chiyambi chokhazikitsa masamba, ndi ng'ona zomwe zimatha kukumbidwa nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ngakhale masamba atafota (malo omwe ali ndi zikhomo kale).
Amakumba mababu osiyanasiyana osati nthawi imodzi. Ma Crocuses ndi oyamba kupsa, kutsatiridwa ndi tulips (kuyambira mitundu yoyambirira kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa mitundu ya Julayi), ma hyacinths ndi hazel grouse, ndikutsatiridwa ndi chipale chofewa. Muscari ndi daffodils ndi omalizira kuti akumbidwe (nthawi zina mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti). Kufukula kwa chilimwe kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June ndipo kumangokhala osati mu Julayi ponse, koma kumatha kupitiliza mu Ogasiti kwa mbewu zomwe zikukonzekera kusamukira kumalo atsopano.
Njira yosavuta yodziwira nthawi yeniyeni yokumbira tulips. Mababu awa amakonda kukumba pa nthawi yopanga gawo lazoteteza kwambiri kuzungulira bulb, zomwe zikuwonetsa kumaliza ntchito yakucha. Ndipo muyenera kuyang'ana pa kufalikira kwa masamba, tsamba lolingana ndi nthawi yomwe masamba apamwamba amatembenukira chikasu pa tulips. Simungathe kudikirira kuyanika masamba. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro kuti ndi nthawi yokumba tulips imadziwikanso kuti kuthekera kokuta tsinde mozungulira zala ziwiri - kusinthasintha kwa mpirawo.
Kodi kukumba mababu m'chilimwe?
Kukumba kwa mababu onse m'chilimwe kumakhala ndi malamulo ake:
- Mutha kukumba tulips ndi mbewu zina pokhapokha nyengo yowuma.
- Mukakumba, muyenera kugwira ntchito mosamala, kukumba mbewu zokhala ndi dothi, kuyesa kuchepetsa kuvulala ngakhale mizu yaying'ono.
- Kukumba kumachitika ndi fosholo ya bayonet kapena pitchfork, ndikudula dothi patali kuchokera kuzomera komanso mozama kuposa momwe mababu amapezekera.
- Kuchokera panthaka, simuyenera kusankha osati zazikulu zokha, komanso anyezi wocheperako, ndikuyang'ana mosamala ngati mwabzala mbewu m'nthaka.
- Ngati dothi lonyowa kwambiri, limangokhala mwamphamvu pamanambala, osachotsa gawo lapansi mukangokumba. Mukangochotsa mbewu m'nthaka, koma kuwala kouma kokha kumachotsedwa pamanja. Simungathe kuyika anyezi.
- Kuyeretsa komaliza kwa mababu kumachitika pokhapokha iwo atatha kuyimitsa m'malo amdima mu mpweya wabwino kapena m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Kutalika kwa njirayi ndi masiku 2-3 a tulips ndi ng'ona, masiku 5-7 a hyacinths, masiku 15-20 a daffodils. Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi mbewu yotani, mababu sayenera kuyikidwa mu zigawo zingapo komanso mwamphamvu. Kuika koteroko sikumangowonjezera mwayi wakufalikira, kumapangitsa kuyesa, komanso kumapangitsa malo abwino kufalikira. Kuti ziume, ndikwabwino kubalalitsa anyezi mu wosanjikiza umodzi, awiri awiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyanika anyezi mu maukonde ndi mabasiketi.
- Ntchito yokumbirayi imatsirizika ndikutsuka kwathunthu kwa zotsalira zapadziko lapansi ndikulekanitsa mababu onse kuchokera kwa ana kwa amayi awo. Osathamangira kuchotsa mizu, peduncle, masamba a peel.
Kumba kufufuma kwamalimwe kwambiri.
Kukonza ndi kuyeretsa komaliza
Kutenga ndikofunikira pakuwasunga moyenera mababu m'chilimwe, komanso kusankha malo oyenera. Palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kutumizira kosungira mababu osankhidwa. Nthawi yomwe mumasunga pamasankhidwe amasankha imabweretsa mavuto ambiri munyengo yobzala kapena kuphwanya nyimbo zokongoletsera.
Kuti tithane ndi mababu omwe amafunikira nthawi yopumira yotentha, ndikofunikira:
- nthawi yomweyo sankhani mabala owonongeka, owola, ochepa kwambiri (ana ang'ono kwambiri samathamangira kutaya, koma adzafunika kukhala okulitsidwa m'magulu osiyana kwa zaka 3-5 kuti athe kumasula muvi wamaluwa);
- sinthani mababu anyezi ndi kukula, kuphatikiza mababu akuluakulu, apakati komanso ang'onoang'ono m'magulu osiyana;
- kukonza bwino pang'onopang'ono ndikubzala zipatso malingana ndi mtundu wamaluwa kapena mitundu yamitundu.
Mukamaliza kukonza, chotsani bulb iliyonse pamanja kuchokera mamba wakufa, fumbi, peduncle, ndi mizu.
Pambuyo poyeretsa, ngati njira yolepheretsira, ndikofunika kuti muthane ndi mababu kwa mphindi 30 osagwirizana ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena fungicide. Pambuyo pa kuteteza matenda, amafunika kuyanikiridwa m'malo opaka bwino komanso mpweya wokwanira.
Zoti ndiziika anyezi?
Mabokosi amitengo ambiri amaonedwa ndi chida chabwino chosungira mababu okumba. Makoko a zipatso kapena zinthu zilizonse zopangidwa ndi slats kapena plywood, komanso zinthu zina zachilengedwe, "zopumira", zokoka ndi mabokosi, ndipo ngakhale matumba a pepala kapena chovala, ndizabwino. Ena amasunga anyezi mu maukonde atapachikika komanso masitokosi.
Konzani mababu osanjidwa ndi mabokosi osankhidwa kapena makatoni am matabwa ndipo ikani malo oyenera kuti chomera chilichonse chisungidwe.
Mababu a Tulip akatsukidwa kuti asungidwe.
Zofunikira zomwe zimafunikira kupangira mababu okumbidwa
Posunga mazenera a chilimwe, ndikokwanira kungosankha magawo abwino. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe sichiyenera kuloledwa ndi chinyezi chambiri kapena chouma kwambiri (magawo abwino ndi amtundu kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 60%) komanso kutentha kochepa kwambiri.
Mababu ayenera kukhala nthawi yachilimwe m'malo amdima ndi kutentha kwama 20 mpaka 30 Celsius. Kutentha kokwanira ndi madigiri 23-25, zofunikira za chipinda chokhazikika. Koma ndikwabwino nthawi zonse kutchula magawo amomwe mbewu iliyonse payokha, kuyang'ana mayendedwe amitundu ndi mitundu yonse. Chifukwa chake, ma daffodils amakonda malo ozizira a madigiri 17-18 m'milungu iwiri yoyamba komanso madigiri 8-10 mtsogolomo. Choyamba, ma hyacinths amakonda kukhala otentha (kuchokera madigiri 25), ndipo patatha milungu iwiri - kutentha kwa madigiri 17-18. Amatha kukonza ndikukhwimitsa madigiri 10-12 kwa masabata awiri asanabzalidwe. Kwa tulips, kulima nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi yosungidwa panthaka mu Julayi ndi Ogasiti pamtunda wokhazikika, kenako kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono mpaka madigiri 12-15 Celsius. Kuchepetsa kotentha kwa mpweya kusanabzike m'dzinja kumathandizira kuti pakhale kusintha kwantchito komanso kukonzekera bwino kwa nyengo yachisanu. Koma njirayi ndiyosankha, ngakhale imachulukitsa mphamvu ya mbewu.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri kuti mababu atetezedwe bwino nthawi yophukira isanakhalepo mpweya wabwino, pafupipafupi mpweya wamalo. Kusunthika kwa mpweya ndi kowopsa kwa mbewu zonse za bulb zomwe zimasungidwa nthawi yachilimwe kunja kwa dothi lofanana ndi chinyezi chambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kumera koyambirira, kufalikira kwa tizirombo kapena matenda.
Koma magawo ena a tchuthi cha chilimwe cha mbewu zomwe mumakonda kwambiri ziyeneranso kukumbukiridwa:
- Kutentha kwa babu kuyenera kukhala kosasunthika ndikuwongolera. Pakati pazomwe tafotokozazo ndikwabwino kuti pakhale malo okhazikika popanda kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi.
- Mababu amayenera kusungidwa pamalo otetezedwa, ayenera kutetezedwa ku kuyatsa kowala.
Kuwona momwe zinthu ziliri ndiye chinsinsi cha kuchita bwino
Munthawi yonse yosungirako, onetsetsani kuti nthawi zonse onani mababu ndi momwe alili. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa bulb iliyonse, kuyitembenuza, kuyang'ana kuwonongeka kapena chizindikiro cha matenda, nthawi yomweyo kutaya zojambula zowonongeka kuzomera zina. Popanda kuwunikira nthawi zonse, kusunga mababu ndikosatheka.
Kubzala mababu mu kugwa pambuyo posungira.
Kusunga ndi kubzala nthawi ya mababu
Tulips, ma hyacinths ndi mababu ena amasungidwa kuyambira nthawi yomwe anakumba mpaka nthawi yobzala yophukira kwa miyezi yopitilira iwiri. Ndikofunika kuti musasungire daffodils m'nthaka nthawi yayitali kuposa milungu itatu, ndipo ndibwino kubzala mitengo ya chipale chofewa, muscari ndi coppice kwathunthu mutayanika ndikusintha. Zina zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono (crocuses, chionodox, Pushkinia, whiteflower) zitha kutsalira kwa mwezi umodzi kapena mpaka kubzala mu Seputembara.
Kubzala mababu mu kugwa kumafanananso ndikusinthana kwazinthu zamagetsi ndikukula kobiriwira. Tulips zimayamba kubzala kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, amphaka - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, ma hyacinths ndi daffodils - kokha kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
