Kukwera m'munda wa Kobeya: Kukula ndi chithunzi

Kuti chiwembu chanu chikhale chokongola komanso chowala, onetsetsani kuti mwabzala kobe. Chitsamba chokongola chamaluwa chokongola ichi chimangopangidwira kutchera mundawo mundawo. Dziko lodzala chomera chotentha ndi nkhalango zamapiri zam'malo otentha a Central ndi South America. M'dziko lathu, monga lamulo, imakula ngati chomera cha pachaka, chifukwa kobey sichimalekerera zipatso zathu nthawi zonse.

Kobe: chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe

Mtengowo umadziwika ndi zitsinde zazitali, pamwamba pa 7 m, pomwe masamba ankhwimbi amapezeka motsatizana, ndipo malekezero a nthambizo amakhala ndi timiyala totsika tating'ono, chifukwa duwa limatha kudziphulika pansi, likugwira pachimake chilichonse. Kobeya amakula msanga, m'nthawi yochepa, akukongoletsa madera akuluakulu ndi chivundikiro chachilengedwe.

Chomera chimaphuka chachikulu (pafupifupi masentimita 9) "mabelu" omwe amapanga fungo losangalatsa: mu nyengo yakula, ma ma pedicels aatali amapanga masamba a axillaryomwe adavekedwa korona ndi maluwa amodzi kapena gulu la zidutswa za 3-5 ndi pestle yayikulu ndi stamens. Ma inflorescence achichepere amakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira, kenako duwa limakhala lofiirira kapena loyera (kutengera mtundu wa kobe). Zipatso za mbewu iyi ndizofanana ndi makapisozi omwe ndi achikopa ndi zotanuka kukhudza, odzazidwa ndi njere zazing'ono zozungulira.

Dzuwa nthawi zambiri limasenda chomeracho ndi kutentha ndi kuwala, ndiye kuti kobe adzabwezeranso: nyengo yabwino, duwa limamera modabwitsa. Komanso, mizu yamaluwa yamaluwa yolimba imagwiritsa ntchito michere yazachilengedwe.

M'banja lake la kobei pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi, yomwe imodzi yokha yolimayo idamera mizu kukongoletsa, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti zokwawa za kobe, kapena, monga amazitcha, "mabelu amonke". Mtundu wamtunduwu umakula bwino ngati ulemu wokongoletsa pachako chiwembu.

Zikuwonetsa kuyika Kobe

Gawo la kukula kwa kobe kuchokera ku mbewu kupita ku liana lomwe limakula bwino kwambiri limatha kugawidwa m'njira ziwiri:

• koyamba, mbewu za kobei zimabzalidwa mbande;
• Gawo lotsatira, mbewu zomwe zidamera zimabzalidwa pansi.

Okhala "otentha" adazindikira njira yayikulu ya mbewu iyi: kobe silingalekerere kutentha, chifukwa chake imabzalidwa ngati mbewu pachaka. Mutha kupeza kukongola pa chiwembu chokha pokhoma kubzala kobe ndi mbewu.

Momwe mungabzalire mbewu za kobe?

Tikuthandizira kuti mudziwane ndi malangizo a kukula kwa kobei:

• ntchito ndi mbewu imayamba kumayambiriro kwamasika. Pansi pa chimbudzi chomwe chimakutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za pepala lakuchimbudzi kapena chidebe, ndiye kuti pansi pakepo amalembapo yankho la manganese (potaziyamu permanganate). Mbewu za Liana zimayikidwa limodzi nthawi imodzi pamtunda wawung'ono pakati pa wina ndi mnzake. Chidebe chomwe chikubwera mbande zamzitini pogwiritsa ntchito filimu ya pulasitiki;
• Malo opangira mphamvu amasankhidwa ofunda, pansi pa dzuŵa. Ndibwino ngati njere zaphimbidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi ntchofu: motere zimatsukidwa ndi yankho la manganese, ndikusinthidwa ndi pepala lakhoma ndikuikidwanso. Zomera zosakhwima zimapangika pafupifupi masiku 18-21. Zikamera zikamera pang'onopang'ono, zimabzalidwa m'chiwiya wamba;
• Pafupifupi mulingo woyenera kutalika kwazomera pafupifupi 9-11 cm. Nthaka yotayidwa imathiridwa mumphika uwu ndipo mbande zimakumbidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 1.6. Mbewu iliyonse imayalidwa molinganizidwa, ndi mbali yosalala mpaka pansi. Ndikapangira kabuku koyamba pa mbande, imayilidwa mu chiwiya china, osayiwala kukhazikitsa msomali - "bag" pansi.
• chifukwa chodzala panthaka (pakati masika) mbande zimayenera kukonzekereratu. Kwa masiku 16 mpaka 22 asanabzalidwe, mbande zimafunikira kuumitsidwa, chifukwa zimayika chotengera cha usiku pa loggia. Izi siziyenera kuchitika ngati pali usiku wozizira;
• kukula msanga, mbande ndi zambiri, ndipo izi zimachepetsa kwambiri zokongoletsera zawo. Kuti apange korona wokhala ndi nthambi komanso owoneka bwino, mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira kukhomedwa;
• pakukula kwabwinobwino chomera chaching'ono, gawo lotentha kwambiri, lotsekeka momwe mungathere, limasankhidwa, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi khoma la nyumba kapena pafupi ndi mpanda. Ndi kuperewera kwa dzuwa, kobe imatha kupirira, koma mthunzi wokhazikika sungapangitse kuti liwonetse liana kukongola kwake nthawi yonse ya maluwa. Pofika nyengo yachilimwe, maenje obzala, omwe ali pa mtunda wa 80-100 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, ali ndi dothi la pef, peat ndi humus. Mbande zimayikidwa pano, osachotsa mtanda. Ngakhale kuti mbande zofooka sizinayambe kuluka, zimapanga chithandizocho ngati mitengo ya mitengo. Pambuyo pake, pomwe mphukira zikhala kale zolimba, mbewuyo imatha kukwera thandizo lomwe lidayikidwa pafupi.

Zoyenera ndi kusamalira kobe pambuyo pakuzandidwa pamalo owonekera

Liana akukula mwachangu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zambiri kuti akwerere ndi mwana wake - ndipo ndizomveka kuti chomera ichi chimafunikira kuthirira kokhazikika komanso michere yambiri. Komanso Kukumana ndi zosowa izi kumakhala koyenera masiku a chilimwe akakhala ouma komanso otentha.. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamala kuti, mutathilira mpesa, madzi samayenda pansi, mwinanso mizu ya kobe imadwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Kobeya amakula msanga, koma amayamba kuphuka pokhapokha patatha mlungu ndi mlungu - ndikofunikira kuyamba kuwonjezera feteleza kuyambira nthawi yobzala mbande zazing'ono nthangala zotsekedwa. Nyambo ikuyenera kusinthidwa:

• Choyamba, amadzaza dothi, pomwe kobe amakulira, ndi feteleza wachilengedwe;
• Kenako ndi zowonjezera mchere.

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yomera, chomera chimafunikira nayitrogeni, ndipo isanafike maluwa (koyambirira kwa Julayi) - mu phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina zambiri zofunikira. Nyambo iyenera kusungidwa mosamala: ngati mupatsa kobe kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, ndiye kuti lamana adzamasula mwachangu masamba, chifukwa cha izi, nthawi yamaluwa idzachepetsedwa kwambiri. Chowonadi chapadera: nthaka yophika, imakhala yowala kwambiri chifukwa cha chomera; ngati pali dothi lambiri pamtunda, ndiye kuti mitundu ya ma petals imakhala yamtambo.

Thupi Zozungulira Zambiri mulch mothandizidwa ndi utuchi, peat kapena chilichonseyomwe ndi organic kuti athe kutha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.

Mitundu yonse ya tizirombo ta m'munda timakonda kwambiri kobei, kuphatikizira nthata ndi ma nsabwe, chifukwa chake, chomerachi chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa komanso kuchizidwa ndi tizilombo tina, ngati kuli kofunikira.

Zima Kobei

Monga tidanenera pamwambapa, mtengo wa mpesa wam'malo otentha umalimidwa munkhokwe zathu monga mbeu ya pachaka, makamaka popeza ndizosavuta kukula mpesa wokongola kuchokera pang'onong'ono chabe. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu ena okhala m'chilimwe amatha kusunga chitsambachi nthawi yozizira, kuti chisanu chikachokapo, kale panali chomera, chaka chatha pagawo la nyumbayo.

Izi ndizovuta kwenikweni ku chilengedwe chomwe: kupangira kobe yozizira osati kuwononga ndi ntchito yovuta, chifukwa mbewu iyi, yoyambirira, ndi yayikulu, komanso mpesa suzika mizu kwambiri pambuyo poti udzutse. Komabe, kugwedeza kumeneku kumangopindulitsa mbewu. Monga momwe atsimikizira, kobe, yemwe amalimbana ndi nyengo yachisanu, amayamba kutulutsa m'mbuyomu ndipo amachita mokwanira.

Momwe mungasungire kobe nthawi yachisanu?

Ndi isanayambike nthawi yophukira, kumapeto kwa Seputembala, masamba onse amachotsedwa pamtengo ndikuwukumba pang'ono. Chofunikira kwambiri si kuwononga mizu - mizu, ngakhale yayikulu kwambiri, koma yosalimba. Sungani chomera pachokha, chiiyikeni m'chipinda chozizira komanso chamdima pang'ono kutentha kwa 9-11C. M'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndizoyenera kwambiri izi.

M'nyengo yozizira, kobe ali m'malo ogona, ndipo izi sizifunikira chisamaliro. Nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana malo omwe mizu ya mpesa ili, ndikuwongolera chinyezi chake ngati kale. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, mbewuyo imasunthidwa kumalo otentha komanso kowala., ndikuchulukitsa pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa kuthirira wowira. Chomera chimabwezeretsedwa pamalo ake oyikiramo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pomwe madenga achinyengo abweranso kale. Kusamalidwa ndi kubzala kwa kobe, komwe kudatha kupirira nthawi yozizira, ndizofanana ndi mbewu zapachaka.

Mu mbewu za uterine zomwe zimatha nthawi yozizira, zodulidwa zimadulidwa kuti zimangokhalira kuchulukitsa chitsamba. Pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kupanga mphukira zazing'ono pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu mothandizidwa ndi kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, zolimba kwambiri za izo zimakonzekera izi: zimadulidwa mosamala kuti zisawononge mbewu ya mayi, ndikusungidwa mumchenga wonyowa mpaka mphukira zizipanga zake zake . Mbande zazing'ono zimasungidwa malo otentha pomwe nyengo ndiyabwino.

Alimi omwe akhala akukulitsa mpesa wokulira uwu kwa nthawi yayitali amalankhula za chinthu chimodzi chosiyana: a kobe, omwe samalimidwa kuchokera ku mbewu, koma kuchokera kumadula, amayamba kutulutsa kale, koma osati mowoneka bwino komanso mwachangu monga wamkulu.

Kukula kobei m'minda nyimbo

Ojambula maluwa amakonda kukulitsa kukongola “kowoneka bwino” chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, opaka komanso chophukika pamalo aliwonse pomwe liana wokha angafike. Nayi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kobei kutsitsimutsa ndikulimbikitsa minda yanyumba:

• Ngati mukukula kobe pafupi ndi mpanda, ndiye kuti chomeracho chimakhala nthawi yochepa kwambiri, kubisala nyumbayo ndi chiwembu kuti chisaonongeke. Mabelu akulu a mbewuyi pa mpanda wautali amaoneka wokongola.
• Mothandizidwa ndi kobe zakutchire, mutha kubisa mosavuta makoma osawoneka bwino ndi nyumba za nyumba.
• Chomera chobzalidwa pafupi ndi gazebo pafupi ndi mbali yakumwera kwa nyumbayo chomwe chili ndi denga lakuthwa chimazungulira mbali zothandizirana ndikuletsa nyumba kuti isazungulidwe ndi khoma lobiriwira labwinopo.
• Chowunikira cha wozikika chidzakhala chipilala chobiriwira - izi ndizomwe mpesa uwu, womwe umawoneka kuti sungathe kuyimilira sekondi, ukukulira nthawi zonse!
• Pofuna kubzala malo opumira pa kanyumba kamadzilimwe, kobe imayikidwa mu chidebe chakuya chokhala ndi zitsulo zazikulu ndikuyiyika kuzungulira mundawo.
• M'munda waukulu wamaluwa, kobe amapanga gulu labwino kwambiri la lobelia, petunia ndi verbena.
• Mothandizidwa ndi nthambi zosalala komanso zazitali za mbewu, mutha kugawa malowa kukhala magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kwa olima dimba ambiri, kobe ndi maluwa abwino kwambiri panyumba. Koma anthu omwe adaganiza zokolola duwa ili ndi kupanga chisamaliro choyenera adzapeza chomera chokongola, chomwe chidzakongoletsa dimba la maluwa pakhonde kapena dimba.