Currant ndi mtundu wa banja la a Kryzhovnikov, owerengeka pafupifupi mitundu 200. M'zaka za zana la XI, mbewu iyi idatchuka kwambiri ku Russia, ndipo zitatha izi idafalikira ku Europe konse.
Chitsamba ichi ndi mbewu yotchuka kwambiri m'munda, ndipo imapezeka m'minda yambiri. Timakula osati zakuda zokha, komanso mitundu yofiira, yapinki, yoyera, koma yotchuka kwambiri ndiyakuti, yakuda, yomwe kuphatikiza pazothandiza zake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzera mbale ndi mizimu yosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu yakuda
Currant Selechenskaya - imakhala ndi chitsamba chokulirapo pakati, zipatso zokoma zazikulu zimacha msanga.
Selechenskaya currant 2 - Imabweretsa lalikulu mbewu, kulekerera ozizira ndi matenda, zitha kudziwika kuti pafupifupi konse Powy mildew, zipatso ndi kuwawa.
Currant Dobrynya - Zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimacha mkati mwa chilimwe. Amalekerera kuzizira ndipo samadwala.
Wamphamvu mphamvu - Zipatso za currant iyi ndizofunikira kwambiri, zimakhala ndi khungu lowonda, lalitali kwambiri. Tsegulani pafupi ndi Ogasiti. Tsoka ilo, limakonda matenda ndipo ndilovuta kubereka.
Baguir currant - imalekerera chimfine ndi masinthidwe m'malo a malo okhala, pafupifupi palibe acidity yomwe imamveka m'mazipatso, koma mitundu iyi imakhalanso ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Currant Titania - chomera chomwe sichimadwala kaufulu pang'ono, zipatso zotsekemera komanso zosawoneka bwino, chifukwa cha izi, kucha kumachitikanso.
Galu waulesi - imalephera kuzizira, nthawi zambiri samatola terry. Zipatsozi ndi zokoma, koma kucha kumatutidwa, ndipo kukula kwa mbewu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosiyana.
Currant pygmy - tchire silili lambiri, silifalikira, zipatso zake ndi zazikulu, zotsekemera, khungu limakhala lochepa thupi.
Mapala akuda a currant - ili ndi chitsamba chowombera, sing'anga kukula, zipatso zapakatikati, okoma ndi wowawasa. Imalekerera chisanu bwino kwambiri, pamakhala chiwopsezo chochepa chodziwika ndi phokoso la ufa.
Chuma chamtengo wapatali - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi chitsamba chokulirapo, osafalikira kwambiri, zipatso zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zimakhala ndi khungu loonda, wowawasa, zipse msanga. Imalekerera chisanu, kawirikawiri kwambiri kuposa bowa.
Currant sibyl - Mitundu yoyambirira, yolimba osati yayikulu kwambiri, imalekerera chisanu, zipatso zazing'ono, zazing'ono, zokometsera mchere.
Currant Hercules - Zipatso zolimba bwino, zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, zipatso ndizambiri, koma osatetezeka.
Zopikulitsa zakunja - imayamba kucha, zipatso zazikulu ndi khungu loonda, lokoma, koma ndi acidity yachilendo. Tsoka ilo, imanyamula tryry ndi nkhupakupa mosavuta.
Mitundu yosinthika
Currant vixne - mitunduyi ikupsa koyamba, ili ndi chitsamba chokulirapo, chokulirapo-chapakati, chomwe chimapangidwa kwambiri. Imakhala ndi kuchepa mu mawonekedwe a kufooka kwa aphid.
Currant Natalie - izi zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha, chitsamba ndi wandiweyani, koma samakula kwambiri, zipatso zake ndi zazikulu, chifukwa ofiira ofiira, amakhala osavomerezeka ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Dutch currant yofiira - mitundu yakale kwambiri, yomwe idadziwika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XVII, ili ndi tchire lalikulu, lalifupi ndi lalikulupo, acidic, yokhala ndi mbewu zazikulu, yolekerera chisanu, sichidwala.
Currant Asya -tchire silili lambiri komanso lalitali, zipatso zake ndizofanana kukula, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa zomwe zimakonda kukoma, zipse msanga, mbewuyo ndi yozizira-yolimba, yolimbana ndi matenda.
White currant Versailles -tchire limamera kwambiri, zipatso zazing'ono-zazikulu, zotsekemera ndi wowawasa, zimayikidwa pa petioles zazitali. Choyipa chachikulu ndi kufooka kwa anthracnose.
Kubzala kwa currant
Kubzala ndi kusamalira currants ali ndi mawonekedwe awo, monga mbewu ina iliyonse. Chikhalidwechi chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri yamoyo ndipo chimayamba kubereka zipatso chaka chamawa chabzalidwe. Ngati chisamaliro chimasamalidwa bwino, ndiye kuti chitsamba chimodzi chimatha kubereka zipatso mpaka zaka 15.
Nthawi yabwino yobzala currants ndi yophukira. Choyamba, mbande zomwe zafika zaka ziwiri ndipo zokhala ndi mizu itatu ya mafupa zimasankhidwa. Sankhani kubzala kuyenera kuwunikiridwa, kupatula pamalo oyala, pa nthaka yopanda acidic, yomwe madzi ake ndi osavomerezeka.
Pamaso pa njirayi, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera ma kilogalamu angapo a feteleza wachilengedwe m'nthaka, komanso feteleza wa phosphate-potaziyamu (100 g ya superphosphate ndi 30 g wa potaziyamu pa mita lalikulu akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito). Malowa amakumbidwa mpaka pakuya 20 cm.
Amakumba dzenje pafupifupi 50x50x50, amasunga mita zingapo pakati pa toyesa. 100 g ya superphosphate ndi 45 g ya potaziyamu chloride, komanso chidebe cha humus, zimawonjezedwa pachitsime. Kuti feteleza asatenthe mizu, amafunika kuwaza ndi dothi la masentimita 8. Zonsezi zimachitika masiku 14 asanabzalidwe.
Zingwe zimatsitsidwa m'mabowo pakona kuti muzu wamizu umatsitsidwa ndi masentimita 5. Mizu imayatsidwa mosamala ndikutsanulira mu dzenje theka la chidebe, kenako pang'ono pang'ono amawaza ndi dothi, ndikupondaponda pang'ono. Pambuyo pake, moat imapangidwa mozungulira chitsamba komanso imadzazidwa ndi madzi. Pambuyo pazinthu zonse, ndibwino kuphimba dothi ndi mulch kuchokera ku humus.
Zomera zoyesedwa zimadulidwa kuti kutalika kwa 15 cm kumatsalira, komanso kuti masamba osachepera 4 akhale pa mphukira. Nthambi zodulira zimatha kuyikidwira mu dothi lonyowa, pomwe zimatha kumera mizu.
Kubzala currants kasupe
Mutha kudzalanso currants mchaka, koma kumbukirani kuti muyenera kuyambitsa izi musanayambike madzi ndi masamba otseguka.
Vuto lobzala mu kasupe ndikuti chitsamba ichi chikukula msanga nthawi yakula msipu wobiriwira, ndipo nthaka panthawiyi silingakhale yotentha kokwanira kuzika mizu. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muchita mchaka, ndiye kuti kukumba kabowo kuli bwino mu kugwa.
Chisamaliro cha Currant
Chisamaliro cha currant chimasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. Chapakatikati, chotsani masamba omwe ali ndi mbewe kapena nthambi zina ngati pali tizirombo tambiri. Kukumba chomera pang'ono ndikuphimba pansi ndi mulch.
Kupanga kuthirira okwanira kwa currants mu kasupe, pomwe imamanga msipu wobiriwira ndi maluwa. Mumasuleni nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole. Chitani chithandizo cha masika, chomwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.
Poyamba maluwa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana maluwa ndikuchotsa awiriwo, ndipo ngati alipo ambiri, ndiye kuti chitsamba chonse chikuyenera kuchotsedwa. Komanso mchaka muyenera kuthira feteleza ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
M'chilimwe, kuthirira mbewu iyi kumafunika ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zomwe zikutanthauza kuthirira tidzakambirana pambuyo pake. Onetsetsani kuti namsongole samakula pamalopo. Ngati mukuwona zizindikiro za matendawa, ndiye kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo, koma ngati mbewuyo yayamba kucha posachedwa, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala.
M'chilimwe, chovala chapamwamba kwambiri chimakhala chamoyo, chomwe chimayenera kuyikidwa pamodzi ndi kuthirira.
Mukugwa, mbewuzo zikakololedwa kale, zonse ziyenera kupitilizidwa bwino ndikuthirira madzi pambuyo pake, nthaka. October asanafike, mbewu zimagwidwa ndi feteleza wokhathamira komanso michere ndi kudulira.
Komanso kugwa, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti tichotse tizirombo, nthawi yachisanu mu kotekisi ndi impso.
Kupanga kwa Spring Currant
Kuteteza tchire ku tizirombo, muyenera kukonza ma currants m'chaka. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi a Bordeaux.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha masika ndi madzi otentha. Kuti muchite izi, chepetsa mbewuzo ndi madzi otentha masamba asanatupire.
Kutsirira
Pankhani chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika, chomera sichifunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Kupanda kutero, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kambiri. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kopatsa chidwi - kuti dothi limanyowa ndi masentimita 30, ndiye pafupifupi malita 20 pa lalikulu mita.
Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika mwachindunji pansi pa chitsamba kuti chinyezi chisakhudze masamba ndi zipatso. Ngati mwabzala mitundu yoyera kapena yofiira, ndiye kuti amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zambiri.
Mavalidwe a currant
Mutabzala, sikofunikira kuthira manyowa kwa zaka zingapo zoyambirira, chifukwa chikhala ndi michere yokwanira yomwe imayambitsidwa nthawi yobzala - ndiye kuti iyenera kudyetsedwa.
Kukulitsa ma currants mu kasupe kumakhala ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna Mlingo wokulirapo kuposa wakale: mpaka zaka 4, 40 g ya urea imayambitsidwa, kenako theka lokha la mankhwalawa.
Mukugwa, makilogalamu 5 a chovala chapamwamba, komanso feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, amabwera kwa iye.
Kudulira
Ma curators amafunika kudulidwa. Izi zimachitika kuti zibweretse zokolola zabwino kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ovary kumapangira nthambi mpaka zaka 5, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mphukira zachikulire zimangosokoneza. Pafunikabe kuyeretsa chomera kuchokera ku nthambi zodwala ndi zowuma.
Chapakatikati, msuzi usanayambe, mbali zouma ndi zosweka za nthambi zimadulidwa. Kutsina timitengo tating'onoting'ono kuti tikonzere kulima ndi njira yabwino.
Koma kudulira kwakukulu kumachitika mu kugwa. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mutabzala, timuyo timadula mpaka 15 cm. M'chaka chachiwiri, gawo la mphukira limadulidwa, kusiya mpaka asanu mwamphamvu - kenako adzakhala nthambi zothandizira.
M'chaka chachitatu ndi chachinayi, zimayambira za zero zimachotsedwanso, ndikusunga mpaka 6 mwamphamvu. Yesetsani kuti chitsamba chanu chisamere ndipo sichikula ndi nthambi zosalimba. Eya, ndiye kuti nthambi zonse zomwe zafika zaka 6 zimachotsedwa.
Kudulira kwa mitundu yofiira ndi yoyera kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa kasupe. Ziphuphu zazikulu za njirayi sizisiyana ndi za wachibale wakuda. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti nthambi sizikhala ndi zaka 6, koma zaka 7.
Kufalitsa kofikira ndi odulidwa
Ngati zinthu pofalitsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba obiriwira komanso olimba.
Ndikothekanso kubzala zakuthupi nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira. Ndikwabwino kuyambiranso kudula masamba obisalako pofika nyengo yachisanu, mpaka malowo ali ochepa komanso impso mwina sizivutika. Kutalika kwa chogwirira kuli pafupifupi 20 cm ndi pafupifupi 1 cm. Pamwamba ndi pansi pazinthuzo amathandizidwa ndi parafini - izi zimachitika pofuna kusunga chinyontho.
Zomalizidwa zimayikidwa papepala lonyowa, kenako ndikakulungidwa mu oilcloth kapena polyethylene ndikuyika mufiriji kapena kuyikidwa m'manda.
Pofika kumapeto kwa kasupe, nthambi zamaluwa zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ndi malo otsetsereka a 45 °, mpaka 20 cm pakati pa anthu. Pansi pa chogwirira chimadulidwa pakona ndikudzigwirira munthaka mpaka masamba awiri okha amakhala pamwamba pake.
Zitatha izi, chiwembuchi chimathiriridwa madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulch, ndikupanganso mtundu wowonjezera kutentha, wokutira malowo ndi nsalu zamafuta pazipikisheni, zomwe zimatsala mpaka masamba atayamba kuoneka. Kuthirira kubzala sikofunikira kwambiri, komanso ndikothekanso kuti nthaka isume.
M'chilimwe, chotsani namsongole, mumasule nthaka ndikuthira manyowa ndi mullein. Ngati phesi likukula bwino, ndiye kuti lingasinthidwe ku malo ena uku kugwa, ngati sichoncho, ndikofunikira kuyembekezera chaka chamawa. Zodulidwa zobiriwira zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kufalitsa kwamapulogalamu poyendetsa
Njira yosavuta yolerera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zigawo. Pafupi ndi nthambi, muyenera kukumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 11, ndikukhomera nthambi pamenepo ndikumwaza ndi dothi, koma kuti 20-25 cm ya nthambi ili kunja.
Gwirizanitsani wosanjikiza ndi china chake kuti chisatuluke mu dzenjelo. Musaiwale kuti madzi azisungunuka nthawi zonse. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti mu kugwa zitha kuzitha ndikuzipititsa kumalo ena.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chimodzi mwazilombo zoyipa kwambiri kwa iye nkhupakupa impso. Momwemo amawononga impso ndi dzina lake, chifukwa chake zipatso zimachepa.
Popewa kuphukira kwa mbewa kukula, ndikofunikira kuchita zoyipa ndi kuwononga nthambi mchaka, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Mwa mankhwala omwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma acaricides: karbofos, phosphamide, colloidal sulfure.
Ngati anu currant imatembenukira chikasu, ndiye kuti mwina alibe chinyezi kapena watenga kachilomboka msempha. Poterepa, mbewu zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa ndipo malo olimapo omwe amathandizidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate.
Komanso chikaso chimatha kukhala chifukwa nsabwe za m'masamba. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizirombo, muthanso kuchiza mbewu ndi sopo madzi kapena kulowetsedwa ndi adyo.
Currant siimabala zipatso:
Izi zikachitika, muyenera kutsatira ngati mbewu yanu yabzalidwa panthaka yoyenera, chifukwa siimakonda dothi la acidic. Zitha kusowa chinyezi. Mfundo ina ndikuti kutentha kwa nthawi yozizira kumakhala kotsika kwambiri - ma curators nthawi zambiri amalola kuzizira, koma izi zimatengera mitundu ndi msanu wa chisanu.
Kuperewera kwa zipatso kumatha kuyambitsa izi nkhupakupa impso ndi bokosi lamagalasi. Ngati mupeza kugwa ovary ndi owopsa masamba, ndiye, ndizotheka kuti amasokonezedwa ndi mphuthu za chiperechi. Kuti muwachotse, ndikofunikira kudula mbali zomwe zakhudzidwazo, ndikupaka mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi munda var. Pakakhala kugonjetsedwa kwathunthu, muyenera kuphatikizira nthambi zonse.
Malo ofiira onetsani kuwonongeka kwa ndulu yofiira kapena mafangayi. Ngati mupeza aphid iyi, ndiye kuti muichotse ndi mphamvu ya kulowetsedwa kuchokera kumtunda kwa tomato kapena fodya.
Panthawi ya bowa, chotupa chimachitika nthawi yayitali. Kuti muchotse matenda awa, mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa.
Madontho a bulauni pa masamba, yomwe imayera pakapita nthawi, imatchedwa septoria. Zikuwoneka ngati tchire zobzalidwa kwambiri. Ngati mawanga ndi abulauni, ndiye kuti ndi cercosporosis. Pofuna kuthana ndi mawanga awa, mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kawiri ndi njira ya mkuwa wa sulfate (nthawi yomweyo patangotha masiku 10 chichitikireni chithandizo choyamba).
Chifukwa china chomwe madontho ndi dzimbiri. Iyenera kumenyedwa ndi fungicides, kuchiza mbewu kangapo ndi masiku 10.
Matendawa ndi oopsa ufa wowuma, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi zokutira zoyera paz masamba. Ngati mbeu yanu ili yolimba komanso yosamalidwa bwino, ndiye kuti siyodwala, chifukwa mame amakangamira tchire lofooka.
Ngati matenda apezeka, gwiritsani ntchito tchire ndi phytosporin kapena yankho lofooka la ayodini. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa wa chloride.
Mapulogalamu othandizira
Kuphatikiza pa kakomedwe kake, zipatso za currant ndizothandiza kwambiri ndipo zimagwira pokonzekera mbale zingapo zakumwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Udzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe Ili ndi mavitamini ambiri, makamaka Vitamini C. Masamba a chitsambachi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzizira, chifukwa choti decoction yawo imakhala ndi anti-yotupa. Komanso, masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Zipatso zimathandizanso kukulitsa chitetezo chazirombo komanso zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda opha tizilombo, zimathandizira kapamba, chiwindi ndi impso, kupenya kwamaso, komanso kumathandizanso luso la malingaliro.
Redcurrant ili ndi ascorbic acid wochepera kuposa blackcurrant, koma ili ndi potaziyamu yambiri komanso chitsulo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati astringent, diuretic, diaphoretic, antipyretic.
Popeza zipatso za mtengowu ndizakudya zabwino kwambiri, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.
Chitumbuwa chakuda
Zofunikira pa mtanda:
- 200 magalamu a ufa
- 100 magalamu a batala
- 150 magalamu a shuga
- Dzira
- Supuni 2 semolina
- Tea kuphika ufa zabodza
Zofunikira pazodzaza:
- Galasi la currant yakuda
- Supuni ziwiri za shuga wamafuta
- Supuni ya wowuma
Thirani mafuta ndi shuga mpaka zonona zitapangidwa, ndiye kumenya dzira ndikupitilirabe. Onjezani ufa ndi mafuta ophikira osakaniza ndi kusenda bwino.
Pukusani nkhungu ndi batala ndikuwaza ndi semolina, kuyika pa mtanda, ikani kudzazidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ikani chikombole mu uvuni, otenthetsedwa mpaka 200 ° C ndikulola keke kuphika kwa mphindi 20-25 mpaka kuphika.
Kupanikizana kwa Blackcurrant
Kupanga kupanikizana, tengani ma kilogalamu a shuga ndi kilogalamu ya ma currants.
Pitani pakati pa zipatso kuti mulibe michira yotsalira. Patulani chipatsocho ndi shuga ndikuwalola kuti madziwo apite, ndiye kuti muwiritse zipatsozo mumadzimadzi wawo mpaka ataphika, ndikuthira mitsuko yokhazikika.
Blackcurrant compote
Kuti mupange compote, tengani magalamu 600 a zipatso, malita ndi theka la madzi ndi kapu ya shuga. Timayika zipatso ndi shuga mu msuzi, kubweretsa kwa chithupsa, kuwira kwa mphindi 5, kenako ndikuwonjezera shuga ndikuphika kwa mphindi zina zitatu.
Zonunkhira bwino
Ma currants ali ndi pectin yambiri motero ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakukonzekera zakudya.
Kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi shuga ndi 1: 1.5, motero. Kuti musavutike kuwerengera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawerengero pa lita imodzi ya magawo 700 a shuga.
Zipatso ziyenera kuyikidwa mumtsuko ndikuzithira ndi madzi kuti ziphimbike pang'ono ndi zipatsozo. Chifukwa chake kuphika kwa mphindi 15. Pambuyo pake, onjezani shuga ndikuphika kwa mphindi 15. Pakutha kuphika, zonunkhirazi zimadzaza, ndikuziyika mumtsuko ndipo zimatha kusungidwa ngakhale mchipindacho.
Vinyo Wokopa
Mavinyo abwino amapangidwa kuchokera kwa currants ngati mumatsatira malamulo okonzekera.
Izi ndizofunikira:
- Makilogalamu 10 a zipatso zakuda,
- Makilogalamu asanu a shuga okhathamira,
- Malita 15 a madzi.
Sanjani zipatsozo, koma osasamba. Tsitsani zipatso zonse. Pambuyo pake, sungunulani theka la shuga m'madzi ndikusakaniza woponderezedwa currants ndi madzi.
Onetsetsani kuti chidebe chomwe mumathira zinthuzo chimakhala chokwanira magawo awiriawiri. Tsekani chidebe ndi gauze ndikusiya kwa masiku atatu kapena anayi pamalo omwe kutentha ndi osachepera 20 ° C.
Muziganiza ndi mtengo ndodo kangapo patsiku. Pakatha pafupifupi masiku anayi, mutha kuzindikira kuti nyongolayo yatupira ndipo madziwo amathira mu chidebe chagalasi. Pulogalamu yotsalayo imafufutidwa ndipo mapaundi theka la shuga amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi omwe amapezeka, osakanikirana ndikuthira mu botolo ndi Braga.
Osachepera kotala malo omwe ali mu botolo ayenera kukhala omasuka poti nayonso ikhale njira. Ikani chovala cha rabara ndi bowo pakhosi la botolo. Chida chotsalazo chimasiyidwa pamalo otentha kwa mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri.
Pambuyo pa masiku 5, mutatha kuyika burashi pa botolo, tsanulirani theka la lita imodzi ya wort ndikusakaniza ndi kilogalamu ya shuga, sakanizani ndikutsanulira mu botolo lalikulu ndikuphimba ndi glove. Pambuyo pa masiku 5 otsatira, bwerezani njirayo ndi shuga yotsalayo.
Ngati kupitirira mwezi ndi theka kwadutsa kale kuyambira pomwe chamoyo chayamba kupsa, ndipo vinyoyo akadasokonekera, ndiye kuti ziyenera kutsanulidwa mosamala m'botolo lina popanda kusefukira pamiyala. Mapeto a kupsya, vinyu imapyozedwa kuchokera ku chubu kuchokera ku dontho ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, shuga ndi mowa zimawonjezeredwa.
Ndikofunika kuti mudzaze botolo momwe muzosungiramo zakumwa, kuti pakhale mpweya wambiri. Kenako sankhani vinyo mwezi uliwonse kuti muchotse zinyalala. Ikatha kuwoneka, vinayi amathiridwa m'mabotolo ndikuwasungidwa ozizira ndi amdima. Chifukwa chake, zitha kusungidwa mpaka zaka zitatu.
