Strawberry ndi zipatso zomwe amakonda kwambiri komanso zosavuta kusankha. Monga mwana womenyedwa, amakumana ndi mavuto chilichonse akakula. Komabe, ngati mungayang'ane zofunikira ndi mabulosi, mutha kukolola chaka chilichonse zidebe kuchokera ku 5-10 metres. m. Kukula ndi kutalika kwa zipatso za "udzu" (monga momwe ena akale amatcha zipatso), mwana wamfumu wamphesa wa mabulosi, zimadalira zina mwazomera zake. Munkhaniyi ndigawana zaka zanga zambiri zokula msuzi.
M'nyumba yanga yotentha, sitiroberi zakhala zikukula kuyambira mu 1987. Munthawi imeneyi, ndinasintha malo omwe anali kulimidwa (ndiye kuti, osinthidwa) katatu kokha, ngakhale kuli lingaliro kuti ndikofunikira kuti ndikusintha ma strawberry mutatha zaka 3-4, kapena ngakhale kuwabzala ngati mbewu pofesa kapena kulima.
Strawberry chinanazi, Strawberry munda, Strawberry wamkulu-zipatso (Fragaria ananassa)Mfundo zofunikira mukamakula mabulosi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyatsa, dothi ndi kuthirira.
Strawberry mitundu
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya sitiroberi ndiyo mitundu yokhazikitsidwa kale. Pakuswana, ndibwino kufunsa anthu oyandikana nawo kuti agawane tchire tambiri, tinyanga ta zipatso, komwe mungakulitse mitundu yomwe mumakonda. Ndikukulangizani kuti mugule ma strawberry kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika okha kapena m'makampani apadera. Ndikumakulabe Victoria, Domashnaya, ndipo sinditchula ngakhale mayina a gulu lachitatu. Zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikuphatikizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kukhala gulu limodzi ndipo zimabala zipatso mpaka pano.
Kuyatsa ndi malo a sitiroberi
Bulosi "udzu" umakonda dzuwa. Amabereka zipatso pamthunzi, koma iyenera kukhala yoyenera yosagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwakanunkhira kusintha kwa machitidwe a photosynthesis. Strawberry samakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso atayikidwa m'malo otsika momwe chifunga chimazisonkhira ndi malo okwezeka pomwe dzuwa lowala limawotcha. Dongosolo la mizuzi ya sitiroberi ndiwopamwamba, limayankha mwachangu kusintha kulikonse kwam nyengo. Chifukwa chake, malowa ayenera kukhala osalala, owoneka bwino, odekha komanso owunikira bwino. Ku dacha, adagawa malo osanja bwino kwambiri a sitiroberi, kutali ndi malo olimapo dimba, koma pafupi ndi komwe kuthilira (artesian). Madzi othirira amayenera kuwotchedwa ndi dzuwa.
Dothi la sitiroberi
Masamba obiriwira amakhala operewera ndipo sangapange zipatso zazikulu ndi mbeu yayikulu pamtunda wolemera, wokhala ndi chonde, dothi la peatland, dothi losalala. Zabwino kwambiri ndi mpweya wachonde ndi dothi lomwe limatha kulowa madzi: chernozems, chestnut, imvi. Patsamba langa, chernozem wamba, wachonde kwambiri, koma wolemera komanso wandiweyani wa sitiroberi. Kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za mabulosi osawoneka bwino, musanabzale mbande, masharubu, tchire limodzi, chiwembu chidakonzedwa mu kugwa ndi malo a 10x3m.
Strawberry chinanazi, Strawberry munda, Strawberry wamkulu-zipatso (Fragaria ananassa)Kukonzekera kwa dothi komanso kubzala sitiroberi
Mukugwa, gawo lililonse lalikulu linali kubweretsamo zidebe za 1.5-2.0 zosakanikirana ndi zinthu monga organus: manyowa, manyowa owola, kompositi, ndowe za mbalame. Ndimayikiratu pamalowo ndikuikumba. Namsongole unakula modabwitsa. Analima ndi wowaza 8-10 masentimita ndipo adabzala rapeseed (mpiru kapena mbewu zina) pa manyowa obiriwira mchaka chachitatu cha Ogasiti. Pakupita pafupifupi masiku 30, adasenda, natola ndikutchera ndowe ndikuwunjika pamulu wa manyowa. Ndinadula zotsalira za manyowa obiriwira ndikumasulidwa kwambiri (mpaka 8-10 masentimita) ndikutsanulira Baikal EM-1 dothi lonyowa ndi yankho logwira ntchito. Ndidagwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito m'nthaka ya tizilombo tothandiza.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira (ndimakhala kum'mwera), nyama za dothi (mawonde, ena okhala munthaka) zimapanga zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe kukhala mitundu yopezeka ndi mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiriridwa ndi mpiru ndizabwino kwambiri pazinthu zam'madzi zomwe zimachotsa matenda oyamba ndi matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya komanso tizirombo tambiri. Magawo amasintha nthaka, aletsa namsongole kukula. Ichi ndi mulch chabwino kwa nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe (munda, mabulosi, masamba, maluwa, maluwa).
Nthaka itayamba kupendekeka kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kulumikizidwa kwa dothi kumalumikizidwa kamodzi ndikulemera kwambiri kumachepetsedwa. Kuphatikiza pa mphumu ndi mikanda yoyera, mpunga wamafuta, buluwheat, oats, fatseliya ndi mbewu zina zapambuyo zingabzalidwe. Siderat iliyonse, kuwonjezera pakupanga nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole, imabwezeretsanso dothi lapamwamba ndi michere. Ma Leamu (vetch, lupine, nandolo) okhala ndi nayitrogeni, buluwheat wokhala ndi potaziyamu, mpiru yoyera ndi phosphorous, ndikugwiriridwa ndi phosphorous ndi sulufule. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa obiriwira musanadzalemo majeremusi ndiyofunika.
Chapakatikati, musanabzalidwe sitiroberi, ndinadzaza nthaka ndi wowaza. Nthawi yomweyo, pamwamba pake padatulutsira namsongole mphukira zamasamba. Pansi pa kumasulidwa kunabweretsa pamtunda. ma 50 g nitroammofoski ndikuwonjezera agroermiculite. Dothi lachilengedwe lokonza bwino limamasula bwino dothi, limatha kuphatikiza madzi ndi michere ndikuwapatsa pang'onopang'ono mbewuzo ngati zikufunika. Samakhala ndi vuto lililonse panthaka ndi zomera.
Gawo la sitiroberi lidagawika m'mizere yopapatiza ndi njira zazikulu. Mailodi atakwezedwa pang'ono, akusula dothi m'mabatani. Tikuchera m'makona awiriawiri. Mtunda pakati pa mizereyo ndi masentimita 30, mzere pakati pa mbewu - 20 cm. Njira pakati pazingwe idasiyidwa 1.0 m mulifupi.
Mutabzala sitiroberi kuchokera kuthirira popanda chophukira, pafupifupi 0,4-0,5 l wa mizu idathiridwa pansi chitsamba chilichonse. Nthaka idalungika (kuwazidwa) pakati pa zomerazo ndi pakati pa mizere yosakanikirana ndi humus yokhala ndi utuchi wamkulu ndi nthaka. Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, kanjira kanatsanulidwa ndi njira yonyowetsera mbalame, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera 1 gawo la zinyalala ndi magawo 10 amadzi. Njanjiyi idayalidwa ndi mulch yayikulu. Mukukula kwazaka zonse, mchaka choyamba ndidathirira ma fishi kuti dothi lomwe linali pansi pa mulch limanyowa. Ndidatsuka namsongole panjira ndi pakati pa mbewu zomwe zili m'mphepete, ndidadula ndevu zonse. Udzu wamera ndi wowaza kudzera mu mulch, osakhula.
Kubzala mbande za sitiroberiKusamalira Strawberry.
Zaka zotsatira, nthaka pansi pa sitiroberi idakali chinyontho, koma yopanda chinyezi chambiri. Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, malo otseguka, kuphatikiza njira, adawumbika. Amadyetsedwa ma 2 nthawi yakula, nthawi yomaliza, ya 3 - mbewu zisanapumule.
Nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndinadyetsa gawo la masamba - maluwa oyamba, okhala ndi yankho la organics. Ndidawonjezeranso njira yothira michere pang'onopang'ono, kuchokera kumbali ya msewu waukulu pansi pamizu ya mbewu kuti isagwere maluwa, masamba, masamba. Kumwa - chidebe chimodzi cha yankho la 6- baka sitiroberi. Feteleza zachilengedwe (manyowa kapena ndowe) zinaikidwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10 - 1:12. Nthawi zina nitroammophoska amayambitsa 40-50 g / sq. m Pambuyo pakuvala kwapamwamba, iyenera kuthiriridwa.
Mulch mu mzere ndi wosaya mulch wosanjikiza wa 2-3 masentimita, kukweza masamba. Njira yayikuluyo inkakhala ndi udzu wosoka, masamba obiriwira a namsongole wapachaka, komanso kutchetchera, komwe kumakhala manyowa obiriwira. Nthaka idakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza mpaka masentimita 5. Mwa kukula kwa maluwa a sitiroberi, ndikofunikira kuti mulch tchire: zipatso zomwe zitheke komanso mbali zake kenako zigwera mulch yoyera.
Pambuyo pa mndandanda woyamba wa sitiroberi, adakwaniritsa kudya kwachiwiri. Pa lalikulu. mamita m'dera la kuthirira obalalika 1.5-2.0 magalasi a phulusa pansi pa tchire kuchokera mbali ya msewu waukulu kapena madzi ndi kulowetsedwa phulusa (200 g / 10 l madzi). Mu zaka zina, adabweretsa Kemir kapena chisakanizo cha zinthu zina.
M'zaka 2 zoyambirira, adadula ndevu zonse, ndikupangitsa kuti zitsamba za sitiroberi zimere mizu ndikupanga mbewu zathanzi. Kuyambira chaka cha 3 adadula masharubu ake pambali ya njira zazikulu. Masharubu okwanira 2-3 kuchokera kuchitsamba atumizidwa pakati pa mzere. Mizere ya sitiroberi ikatsekeka, imakhala yolimba, nthawi ya masika kapena yophukira mutakolola, inali kuwonda. Ndinakumba baka la sitiroberi lomwe linali lakale, losabala pang'ono, loipa, ndikupanga zipatso zazing'ono. Pa mita yapita masamba atatu. Kuchepera kumeneku kunkachitika zaka 4 zilizonse. Nthawi zina, atatha kupha disinate ndi 1% ya potaziyamu permanganate, masharubu athanzi, opangidwa bwino adabzalidwa (kuwongoleredwa) pampando wopanda kanthu. Malo odyetserako tchire otsalawo adakulirakulira. Masamba a Strawberry amapanga zipatso zikuluzikulu, ndipo zopepuka zowuluka mlengalenga.
Kudyetsa kwachitatu kwa sitiroberi kunachitika kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Adabweretsa feteleza wa phosphate-potaziyamu (osapitirira 60-70 g / sq. M.) Wothirira komaliza. Nthawi yomweyo, adayesetsa kudula masamba akale, otupa, odwala, komanso zokwawa pansi. Ngati palibe nthawi yotsalira pamachitidwe awa, ndinayesa kuwaphimba ndi mulch, komwe adavunda mpaka masika.
Nthawi yakula, chinthu chachikulu cha sitiroberi wachikulire ndikokwanira kuthirira, koma osadzaza. Kupanda kutero, mizu imavunda ndipo chitsamba chimafa, ndikupatsira omwe akukula pafupi. Ndipo lachiwiri ndi malo ochepa. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa tchire losafunikira, makamaka ngati poyambira m'minda mwake lidakhuthala (pambuyo pa 10 cm).
Pafupifupi chaka cha 4 - 5, adasiya masamba a sitiroberi okhazikika bwino, osati otsogola komanso anawatsogolera kunjira yonse. Kwa zaka 1-2 mzere wa tchire tating'ono tidawoneka m'mbali mwa njira yayikulu, yomwe m'dzinja idadula mzere wakale. Ndidayimba mizere 2 yakale. Atakumba, adabweretsa feteleza wazakudya zonse. M'pofunika kuti muwongolere mwachangu zotsalira za mulch, zomwe zimayambitsidwa chaka chilichonse pansi pa sitiroberi. Kapangidwe ka sitiroberi kanasintha kuchoka pamizere iwiri kupita pamzera umodzi. Mtunda pakati pa mizereyo unali pafupifupi 50, 40-50 cm. masharubu nawonso adasweka munthawiyi, kusiya 1-2 yomwe idapangidwa kwambiri pamzerewu. Strawberry amabala zipatso kwa zaka zina 4-5-6, ndikupanga zipatso zochuluka zam zipatso zazikulu.
Kuyika StrawberryStrawberry kumuika njira
Ngati pakufunika kubwezeretsa chomera cha sitiroberi ndi chomera chatsopano, zitha kuchitika motere:
- yambirani chiwembu chatsopano,
- kukonza malo akale ndikubzala tchire tating'ono pamenepo.
Malowa akhoza kusinthidwa ndi ena, gwiritsani ntchito zonse zokonzekera ndikubzala mbewu zofanana kapena zamitundu ina ya sitiroberi.
Mutha kuchiritsa tsamba lomweli, osasintha mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, kuchiritsa ndi kubzala ndi zinthu zatsopano zobzala.
Mutha kusiya 1 / 3-1 / 4 pa chiwembucho. Kumbani kugwa kotsalira ndikukonzekera kubzala mitengo yaying'ono kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Timakonzekera gawo lina la chiwembucho pansi pa sitiroberi nthawi yachisanu mwachangu. M'malo otsalawo mutakolola komaliza, timakola zitsamba za sitiroberi pamlingo wa khosi la mizu. Tchire zikauma, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera organic, kukumba, kubzala manyowa obiriwira. Simungadule ndikusiya mpaka masika kapena kudula, koma siyani ndikutchetcha. Chapakatikati, manyowa obiriwira amabzalidwa m'nthaka komanso nthawi yotentha mpaka nthawi yophukira nthawi zina 2-3 kubzala manyowa osiyanasiyana obiriwira, kuwabzala m'nthaka atatha kutalika kwa 8-10 masentimita (asanaphuke). Akonzanso kapangidwe kake, amachepetsa kapena kuchotseka kwatsambalo, kubwezeretsanso zoperekazo. M'dzinja lachiwiri, amagwira ntchito yonse yokonza dothi pobzala sitiroberi. Mu nthawi yophukira, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mutha kubzala mitengo yatsopano ya sitiroberi kapena kusiya kubzala mu April. Podzala, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kubzala.
Kuti nyengo yotentha, sitiroberi isatenthe kapena kupweteketsa, adyo wozizira amafesedwa mu kanjira kambiri ndipo nthawi zina samakololedwa kwa zaka ziwiri. Strawberry sanapweteke konse. Mankhwalawa phulusa pa mulch adapulumutsa malowo kuchokera ku slugs. Mphutsi za chikumbu sizinawonekere pamalopo pazaka zambiri. Zosanjidwa za mulch zimatha kusokoneza kuyika mazira. Kuyambira dzuwa lotentha, tchire lofiirira pobzala phacelia m'njira yotalikirana pakati pa sitiroberi ndi adyo. Zinali zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito (monga alimi amalima) ma tagete amtali, calendula, cosmea, kapena kudzala mzere wazipanga pamodzi ndi adyo.
Kubzala sitiroberi ya sitiroberi kapena sitiroberi wamtchire - sitiroberiM'nyengo yozizira sindimaphimba tizilomboto ndi chilichonse. M'madera ozizira, m'masiku a Meyi komanso chisanu chamwezi wa June, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala ndi spunbond kapena zinthu zina. M'mawa amafunika kuchotsedwa. Kupanda kutero, thumba losunga mazira ndi maluwa limatha kufa chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyambira zofunikira paulimi, mabulosi akulu ndi athanzi amatha kubzala popanda kuthandizira pafupipafupi. Chachikulu ndikusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobzala. Konzani dothi bwinobwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuthirira panthawi yake, kuvala pamwamba, kupatulira, mutha kumera mabulosi a malo amodzi osati kwa zaka 2-3, koma mpaka 7-8 ngakhale zaka 10.
Okondedwa owerenga! Chonde gawani nafe zomwe mukukumana nazo pakukolola kwakukulu, njira zakukonzera dothi komanso kusamalira mbewu ya sitiroberi, komanso nthawi yakudzaika.
