Ndizosavuta kuganiza kuti mtundu wodabwitsa uwu komanso wodziwika kale m'mapaki ndi mbali za mtengo samapezeka muchikhalidwe cha mdera lathu. Thuja adabwera kwa ife kuchokera kummwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada komanso kumpoto kwa United States zaka zingapo zapitazo. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, kwawo, thuja imakulira mpaka 20 metres, m'matalikidwe athu ndizodziwika kwambiri kuziona kutalika kwa mita 10.
Tui.
Thuja ndi chomera cholumikizidwa kuchokera ku banja la Cypress, chomwe chimatha kukhala mtengo kapena shrub yokhala ndi mphukira. Pali mitundu isanu ya thuja:
- Thuja kumadzulo, kapena mtengo wamoyo (Thuja occidentalis);
- Thuja Sichuan, kapena Thuja chinese (Thuja sutchuenensis);
- Thuja Korea (Thuja koraiensis);
- Thuja japanese, kapena Thuja Standisha (Thuja standishii);
- Pindani thuja, kapena Thuja chimphona (Thuja plicata).
Mitundu yonse ya arborvitae imakhala yobiriwira ndi korona wandiweyani, ndipo singano zimalekerera kuzizira ndi mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa chake, ali abwino kuti azizungulira mizinda yotentha kwambiri. Matanda a Thuja ali ndi mafuta ofunikira omwe amapatsa mbewuyi kununkhira kosangalatsa. M'madera athu ozizira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kumadzulo kwa thuja imakula bwino komanso kulolera nyengo.
Thuja kumadzulo - chomera chofiirira chochokera ku banja la kuCypress (Chikomakoma), mtundu wa Thuja, wopezeka mwachilengedwe kum'mawa kwa North America.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera, kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira, kukhazikika komanso kukana zochitika zamatauni, thuja lakumadzulo ndicofala kwambiri mu zokongoletsera zamalonda kumayiko onse okhala munthaka zambiri.
Thuja ikamatera
Ngati mungasankhe kubzala thuja m'mundamo, ndiye kuti sankhani malo pomwe dzuwa silingakhale tsiku lonse. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera dzuwa nthawi zonse, mbewuyo imatha kusowa madzi kapena kudwala nthawi yozizira chifukwa cha chisanu. Dothi limakwaniritsidwa bwino ndikuphatikizidwa kwa peat ndi mchenga. Popanda zovuta zilizonse, thuja imakula m'nthaka ina iliyonse - pathanthwe, dongo, mchenga. Mukabzala thuja m'magulu, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mtunda woyenera pakati pa mitengo, imatha kukhala mita imodzi mpaka 5, kutanthauza kuti, mutabzala hedge imodzi yamtunda 1 mita, ndikuyika mzere wozungulira, mpaka 2 m, komanso mutabzala mitundu yayikulu ya thuja mu mpaka mita 5. Tisaiwale kuti mitengoyo singakule osati kutalika kokha, komanso m'lifupi. Kubzala mozama - 60-80 masentimita. Ndikofunikira kubzala thuja kasupe, ngakhale nthawi ina iliyonse pachaka thuja imalekerera kutuluka bwino ndi zochita zolondola za wokolola m'munda.
Thuja imakulidwa m'mlengalenga: panthaka kapena mumphika, m'mabwalo amtundu umodzi, m'mipanda, kubisalamo nkhalango, ngati kuli kotheka kuzizira kozizira komanso kotentha. Nthawi zambiri izi zimabzalidwa m'malo okhazikika mu Novembala kapena Marichi. Amakonda dothi lakuya komanso lonyowa pang'ono, koma loyenda bwino. Kwa hedges, thuja libzalidwe, ndikuwona mtunda wa masentimita 60-70 pakati pazomera. Kukula thaw mumiphika kapena maluwa mabedi, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi la peat ndi nthaka yobala zipatso ndikuphatikiza feteleza wachilengedwe mu kuchuluka kwa magalamu 30-50 pa ndowa. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, kuthira manyowa ndi mineral feteleza.
Khoma lamoyo la thuja.
Kukula thuja
Thuja imatha kumera pamalo pomwe pali dzuwa komanso pamthunzi pang'ono, koma mu mthunzi wathunthu korona wake imayamba. Dothi lirilonse ndiloyenera: peaty, dongo, dothi louma lamchenga, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti lizikhala loyenera. Pa dothi lolemera lonyowa, ngalande zimapangidwa ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20, mapaipi amaponyedwa m'matumba.
Mukamagula ndi kugula mbewu, onetsetsani kuti dothi loumbidwa kuzungulira mizu ya thuja lisungidwa. Zomera zazing'ono zimalekerera kuti mbewu izikweza mosavuta. Kudzala maenje akuyenera kukhala aku 60-80 cm - kutengera kukula kwa dothi lapansi, kutalika ndi kupendekera kwa korona wa mbewu. Amakutidwa ndi chisakanizo cha turf kapena dothi lamasamba, peat ndi mchenga (2: 1: 1) ndi kuwonjezera (nthawi yobzala) ya 50-100 g ya nitroammophoska pa chomera chilichonse chachikulire. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pansi.
Kubzala mbewu m'magulu, pakati pawo kupendekera kutalika kwa 3 mpaka 5 m, ndikuyang'ana kukula kwa mitengo yamtsogolo. M'malo otetemera a thuja nthawi zambiri amadzala mita 4 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Amadyetsa mbeu masika. Nthawi zambiri, feteleza ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, mwachitsanzo, Kemiru-universal, pamlingo wa 50-60 g / m2. Ngati feteleza wathunthu wazitsulo adayikidwa nthawi yodzala, kuvala koyamba koyambirira kumachitika pokhapokha zaka ziwiri.
Singano zokongola za thuja zimatulutsa chinyezi chambiri, chifukwa chake kuyanika dothi, kuphatikizapo nthawi yophukira, sikuyenera kuloledwa. M'mwezi woyamba mutabzala, umathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata (malita 10-50 pa mmera, kutengera kukula kwake), kuwonjezera apo, korona amayenera kuthiriridwa. Chifukwa cha kukonkha, fumbi silimangochotsedwa: ndi masamba a masamba otseguka, chomera chimakhala chosavuta kupumira ndipo, motero, zochitika zonse zathupi zimachitika mosadukiza.
Mukukula, dothi limasulidwa ndikuya masentimita 8-10 (thuja ili ndi mizu yapamwamba). Zozungulira ozizira makamaka mulch - peat, tchipisi zamatabwa, makungwa, kompositi. Izi zidzateteza mizu kuti isamatenthe kwambiri ndi kuyanika nthawi yotentha komanso kuzizira msanga m'nyengo yozizira.
Zomera zimasungidwa kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zoyambirira kuti pasapezeke nthawi yozizira komanso kutentha kwa dzuwa. Akuluakulu thuja amakhala ozizira kwambiri. Komabe, ndibwino kukoka nthambi zamitengo yayitali mopepuka ndi mapasa kuti korona wawo asawonongeke ndi chipale chonyowa.
Tui.
Kubala kwa Thuja
Thuja ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi zipatso. Kufalitsa mbewu ndikovomerezeka kwa mitundu ya thuja yokha, koma osati mitundu ndi mitundu (mawonekedwe okongoletsa sadzatayika). Komanso, ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yayitali: zimatenga zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu kukula mmera. Mbewu ziyenera kusankhidwa kumene. Amayanjanitsidwa ndi zachilengedwe, kusiya kugwa chisanu. Chapakatikati amafesa pamtunda, ndikukulitsa masentimita 0,5 okha, owazidwa pang'ono ndi coniferous utuchi. Mbande za Thuja zimakutidwa ndi zikopa za dzuwa, dothi limasungidwa popanda chonyowa komanso chonyowa. Amadyetsedwa njira yofooka ya ulesi (1:20).
Nthawi zambiri zakumadzulo ndi mitundu yake zimafalitsidwira ndi ma cutication olembetsedwa (pogwiritsa ntchito mphukira wazaka 2-3 mpaka 25-25 cm) ndi semi-lignified (kukula kwa chaka chino 10 cm cm, kudula mu June). Zodulidwa zimadulidwa kuti pamunsi pa mphukira pali kachidutswa kakang'ono ka mitengo yakale - chidendene. Poterepa, ndi zodulidwa mizu bwino. Amathandizidwa ndi yankho la heteroauxin ndikuyikamo wowonjezera kutentha. Nthaka imakonzedwa kuchokera kumchenga wosakanikirana ndi mchenga wa peat ndi sod (m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 1: 1), wopopera ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Kuzama kwa kubzala kwa chogwirizira kumayambira pa 1.5 mpaka 2,5 cm.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri popanda kuthirira gawo lapansi, kotero kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kuposa kuthirira. Mizu yodulidwa imathandizira, imitsani. Mu Novembala, amadzaza ndi masamba, utuchi kapena nthambi za spruce, ndipo nthawi yozizira ikadzachitika (-5 ... -7 ° C) amaikuta ndi filimu.
Wojambulidwa ndi thuja.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta thuja
Zilombo zoyipa zimayambitsa matenda: bowa wa mtundu wa Fusarium, cytospore, Thomas ndi ena. Amenya nduwira, mphukira, singano. Shute tui bulauni amangowononga singano. Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, Bordeaux imagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena karotsid. Mitengo imalimidwa, kuyambira nthawi yophukira, ndikusinthana kwa milungu iwiri, mpaka atachira kwathunthu.
Mwa tizirombo, aphja a thuja ndi zotchinga zabodza za thuja ndizowopsa kwambiri. Singano zowonongeka ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa. Kuti muchotse, mbewuyo imalawa nthawi zingapo ndi malathion, nyanga kapena decis. Palibe kuvulazidwa kochepa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chishango chabodza champhamvu, chomwe chimapezeka pama singano ndi nthambi. Asanaphuke, mbewuzo zimapopanitsidwa ndi karbofos, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June zimachiritsidwa kawiri ndi actellik, Hornhorn kapena chlorophos (ndikusintha kwa sabata limodzi ndi theka mpaka masabata awiri).
Thuja adzakongoletsa bwino dimba lanu! Mtengo wokongola woterewa, kuphatikiza apo, umanunkhira bwino kwambiri!
