Munda wa sitiroberi wopindika

M'nkhani zanga zina ndinayesa kukopa owerenga Botanichki kuti atenge mphesa zomwe zikukula kwambiri. Kuntchito, ndinakhala nthawi yayitali ku Georgia ndipo ndimakhala ndi malingaliro akuti amuna ali omasuka ndi mphesa ndivinyo. Koma azimayi amadera nkhawa kwambiri majeremusi. Ili ndi bizinesi yovuta komanso yovuta; gawo lalikulu mu tekinoloje yolimidwa iyenera kuganiziridwa bwino kuti ntchito yosamalira ma fulosi ipindule ndi mbewu yabwino. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale panali zolemba zambiri zabwino ku Botanichka za sitiroberi, ndidasankha kuchita pang'ono kuti zitha kukhala zosavuta komanso zopindulitsa kwa azimayi ogwira ntchito pamabedi a sitiroberi kuti ntchito yawo isawonongeke. Ndidzakhazikitsa malamulo ochepa omwe amawoneka kuti ndiofunika kwambiri pantchito zokulitsa mabulosi.

Sitiroberi wamtchire, Strawberry. © Rasmus Bogeskov Larsen

Choyamba

Wamaluwa ndi alimi akulangizidwa kuti azigula zinthu zofunikira kubzala pamafamu apadera zaka 3-4 zilizonse ndikubzala mbewuzo ndi mbande zake zokha katatu. Zochitika zikuwoneka kuti nthawi zambiri msuzi wa msuzi umamera mosasamala. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumlomovu wamayendedwe anu kapena malo oyandikana nawo, osaganizira zaka zing'onozing'ono zomwe mabulosi adakulirako ndipo, mwina, atatha kuwonongeka, sonkhanitsani zaka zambiri matenda omwe ali ndi mabulosi awa kapena kusakaniza ndi mbewu zomwe mwazinga (kwenikweni) . Zikuwoneka bwino kugulitsa mbande zapamwamba zingapo khumi m'mapulogalamu apadera; itha kufalikira mwina ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Sitiroberi wamtchire, Strawberry. © iamadonut

Kachiwiri

Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri zamtchire sitiroberi, ndikofunikira kuchita kusankhidwa kwa tchire lobala zipatso kwambiri ndikuwafalitsa iwo, mwa masamba, i, ndi masharubu. Monga momwe owerenga Botanichka amadziwa kale, munthu wofatsa ndi banja lomwe limamera kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi wopangidwa ndi zipatso zambiri. Chomwe chimasankhidwa ndi chaka chilichonse pachaka cha zipatso za sitiroberi kuti muzitha kudziwa bwino matchire omwe ali ndi zokolola zambiri ndikutenga mbande (masharubu kapena nyanga) kwa iwo kuti mukalime kumene. Kumbukirani kuti nyanga ndi mphukira za sitiroberi wamtchire zomwe zimamera kuchokera kumizu yatsopano yofunika; obzalidwa ndi muzu wosemedwa. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati sitiroberi limapereka masharubu pang'ono (mwachitsanzo, remontant). Mukamasankha tchire lokhika, mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti mbewu zaminda ya m'munda zomwezo, zomwe zikukula zomwezo, mosamala, zimapereka zokolola zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, olima ena amati pokhapokha tchire limodzi la mitundu ya festivalnaya limapereka zipatso 100 kuchokera ku chitsamba, zina 500 g, ndipo mpaka 700 g. Ngati zitsamba zotere zimabadwa ndi masankhidwe am'madzi, ndiye kuti simungathe kupeza 200 kuchokera 200 -300 makilogalamu a zipatso, ndi 800-1000 kg. (!) ndipo m'zaka zikubwera kwambiri kuonjezera zokolola zamunda wa sitiroberi.

Sitiroberi wamtchire, Strawberry. © Jessica "The Hun" Reeder

Masamba a Strawberry nthawi zambiri atatulutsa maluwa amapatsa masharubu ambiri, m'malo omwe masamba ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa - 2-3 kapena kupitirira pa mphukira iliyonse (masharubu). Rosette yomwe idayamba kale kuzika mizu imadyetsedwa bwino ndi chitsamba cha chiberekero. Malo ogulitsira omwe amakhala pafupi nawo nthawi zonse amakhala olimba, opangidwa bwino, mizu m'mbuyomu ndipo poyamba amalandila mphamvu zambiri kuposa zomwe zili kumapeto kwa masharubu. Ikulumikizidwa pansi kapena kugunda panthaka, dothi limamera mwachangu ndikupanga mbewu zodziyimira pawokha. Kuchokera pamabizinesi oyamba atatu, mbande za mitengo yabwino kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yolimba zimapezeka nthawi zonse. Pakati pa Ogasiti, malo okhala ndi mizere yosanjidwa-bwino amapatukana ndikuwokedwa m'malo okhazikika. Omwe alimi ambiri amango amagwiritsa ntchito mabedi chifukwa chaichi ndi manyowa olimidwa pamalopo kuti apewe kubisalako ndi mitundu ina, kuphatikiza yokhazikika, sayenera kukumana ndi kubzala kwakukulu.

Chachitatu

Muyenera kusamala ndi nyanga - kufupikitsa mphukira zapachaka. Nyanga iliyonse yopangidwa imakhala ndi masamba (mtima) wapamwamba, masamba atatu mpaka 7, masamba a axillary ofananira, ndi mizu yotsamira m'munsi mwa kukula. Peduncles amapangidwa kuchokera ku apical ndi axillary masamba a masamba apamwamba chaka chamawa. Masamba a masamba axillary nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masamba. Nyanga zatsopano zimawonekera nthawi yonse yomwe ikula, koma kwambiri zimapangika isanayambike kapena kutulutsa zipatso. Nyanga iliyonse yatsopano imabwereza mkombero womwewo wofanana ndi womwe udachita m'mbuyomu: chaka choyamba imapanga mphukira yofupikitsa, yomwe masamba amapangidwa ndipo masamba a axillary ndi maluwa amaikidwa, chaka chachiwiri chimapereka chiwongola dzanja. Kubwera kwa nyanga yatsopano, mizu yonyamula zipatso mkati mwake. Ngati rosette ili ndi nyanga imodzi yokha panthawi yakula, pakugwa mbewu chichepere chimatha kukhala ndi nyanga ziwiri, chomera wazaka 2- 9, ndipo mbewu wazaka zitatu wazaka zina zimaphukira mpaka 25-30 nyanga. Nyanga zochulukirapo, mitundu yopanga zipatso zambiri; nsonga iliyonse ya lipenga, kupatula zina, imanyamula miyendo imodzi kapena zingapo.

Sitiroberi wamtchire, Strawberry. © Chris Penny

Chachinayi

Wosamalira dimba aliyense wam'munda, akamakula, amakhala ndi vuto lokumbukira: Zomera za sitiroberi zomwe zimabadwa mbande zomwe zimakololedwa mwana (wazaka wazaka 1-3) zibzalidwe zabwinobwino zimazika mizu ndikumapereka zokolola zochuluka. Mbande zomwe zimatengedwa zakale (4-5 wazaka) sizabwino kubzala, zimayambukiridwa ndi tizirombo, sizimazika mizu bwino, sizigonjera kwenikweni komanso sizinakhazikike nthawi yachisanu. Simungatenge mbande zazomera zazing'ono, zosabala zipatso, chifukwa kulibe kudalira ukhondo wawo komanso kulolera kwakukulu.

Sitiroberi wamtchire, Strawberry. © Maja Dumat

Wachisanu

Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, nyanga za sitiroberi monga chodzala ndibwino kuposa masharubu. Ndi mitundu yakukonzanso - opanda ndevu kapena kupatsa masharubu pang'ono, njira iyi yoberekera imatha kukhala yofunika. Muyenera kusankha zitsamba zathanzi zathanzi, kudula mitengo yonse pa iwo. Kenako kumapeto kwa nthawi yokulira, manja amagawika pachitsamba kupita m'minyanga yake ndi maluwa ndi masamba. Kudulira kumadula gawo lotsika la nthambuyo, kumangotulutsa chaka chapamwamba chokha ndi mizu yachikasu komanso ya bulauni komanso duwa lamasamba. Pambuyo pa njirazi, zitsamba zoyambira zimatsukidwa ndikusungidwa m'mitolo mpaka masika mufiriji kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa kutentha kwa 0 mpaka mphindi 2.

Ndipo chomaliza

Pambuyo panu ndi ine tazindikira lingaliro lofunika kwambiri lakulima sitiroberi, kuti tisabzale nokha kutchire lanu pamalo opitilira zaka 4, koma kuti mugule mbande zatsopano, tikukupatsani, kuti tikalimbikitsenso khalani ndimitundu yatsopano, imodzi mwamaonekedwe okongola. Zikhala za sitiroberi yamtchire Chamora Turusi, yopatsa chidwi chifukwa cha zipatso zake zazikulu, zogwirizana ndi maapulo apakatikati, fungo labwino la sitiroberi zamtchire komanso zokolola zambiri (ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi - 2,5 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse).

Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu iyi idaberekera ku Japan, ikupsa mochedwa, ipsa pakati pa Russia ndi June 25, komanso kumpoto ndi Julayi 25. Zokolola zochuluka kwambiri za Chamor zimapereka chaka chachiwiri cha kulima, kulemera kwa mabulosi aliwonse ndi 80-130 gr. kutengera kukula kwa zinthu.

Izi sitiroberi amapanga tchire lamphamvu, kukula kwakukulu kumayikidwira. Wobzala masika, patatha miyezi iwiri amatha kuonekera muulemerero wake wonse. Koma ndikosayenera kulola kubereka zipatso chaka chino, chifukwa mizu sinapangidwebe bwino. Chovuta kwambiri ndikupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe amabzala kuchokera ku ma rosette oyamba pa masharubu. Ndikwabwino kuti muthane manyowa musanawonetse mizu kuti muchepetse nthawi yopulumuka. Popeza kukula kwa sitiroberi, sikutheka kunenitsa malo obzala, malo omwe akutsimikiziridwa ndi 40 x 60 cm.

Zikuwonekeratu kuti mabedi oti abzalidwe ayenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale pobweretsa feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere ya mchere. Ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, munthu ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti asakuchulukitse tchire komanso kuti asawononge zipatso. Olima ena amalimbikitsa kupanga malire m'mphepete mwa kama (mpaka 25 cm) kotero kuti masamba a sitiroberi akhoza kuphimbidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokulira. Strawberry amakhala ndi chofunikira kwambiri chinyezi chisanakhale maluwa, nthawi ya maluwa ndi nthawi ya kukula ndikudzaza zipatso, komanso zipatso, pomwe nthawi yopanga zipatso yopanga chaka chamawa iyamba. Pamene zipatso zipse, kuthirira kwambiri ndikosayenera, chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa chitukuko cha zowola ndi matenda ena, kuphatikiza apo, kukoma kwa zipatso kumakulirakulira chifukwa chinyezi zambiri.

Zosiyanasiyana zimafalikira mosavuta, chomera chachikulire chimapatsa mapaipi ambiri ndi ma rosette olimba mwamphamvu ndi mizu yabwino. Kukhwima koyambirira kwa Chamora Turusi ndikodabwitsa: ngati mutadzala dimba watsopano wokhala ndi nyengo ya nthochi kumapeto kwa Epulo, ndiye kuti onse adzalandiridwa, ayamba kukula mwachangu, ndipo mu June ayamba kubala zipatso. Omwe alimi ambiri akudziwa kuti sizachilendo kuti sitiroberi itha kubzala mbewu mchaka chodzala, kupatula yokhonza kukonza, koma Chamorora Turusi, akuwoneka kuti alibe zotere, akuwonetseranso mawonekedwe ake abwino pano.