Nthawi yoyenera kukolola mbatata imadziwika kuti ndi nthawi yomwe nsonga zimafota kale ndikufa. Zowonadi, masamba akayamba kufera komanso kupukuta, kukula kwa zinthu zakumtunda ndi mobisa kumera, kenako nkumaima. Zilonda zam'madzi zomwe zimakula mpaka pano zimapanga peel yolimba ndikupanga michere yokwanira. Kulumikizana kwa mbatata ndi stolons kukuchepera. Ndiye kuti, nthawi imabwera yomwe mungathe kukumba mbatata osawopa kuwonongeka koopsa kwa tubers.
Ubale pakati pa kusankha mitundu ndi nthawi yakututa mbatata
Popeza, chifukwa cha nyengo yanyengo, nthawi zobzala m'malo osiyanasiyana zimasunthidwa, masiku osintha mbatata kulikonse amatsimikizika mosiyana. Ndipo apa, kuti muthe kupeza zokolola zambiri mdera linalake ngakhale pa nthawi yobzala, kusankha koyenera kwamitundu ndikofunika kwambiri.
Mbatata imatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo molingana ndi kuthamanga kwa nyengo yakukula ndi nyengo yomwe ikukula.
- Mitundu yoyambirira kucha yakonzeka kukumba m'masiku 50-65.
- Zomera za mbatata zoyambira zoyambira kuyambira masiku 65 mpaka 80.
- Mitundu ya Mid-msimu imapereka mbewu yabwino kwambiri m'masiku 80-95.
- Mbatata zapakatikati pake, zisanakhwime, zimakhala m'nthaka kuyambira masiku 95 mpaka 110.
- Mu mitundu yamapsa yakucha, nthawi yambiri imadutsa musanakolole mbatata - osachepera masiku 110.
Chifukwa chake, munthawi zonsezi, kusankha mitundu yakubzala kumachitika payekhapayekha. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa njira zachidziwitso, osati nthawi yakucha ya mbatata ndi nyengo yake yokukula, komanso cholinga cha mitundu, kukoma kwake, ndi kuthekera kwakupirira posungira nyengo yachisanu ndikofunikira.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yakucha ya mbatata
Ngakhale kubzala tubers yamtundu womwewo, wamaluwa sangakhale wotsimikiza kuti mbatata zikolola nthawi imodzi.
- Kuyambitsa michere yochulukirapo imakungulitsa nyengo yamakula tchire, ndipo tikakumba mbatata zatsopano mu ma tubers, tinthu tambiri tomwe timapezeka mu nitrate timatha kupezeka.
- Povutitsa nthaka, nthawi ikakwana mumatha kukumba mbatata. Panthaka yachonde, zomera zam'mera, motero kukula ndi kukula kwa tubers, zitha kupitilira mpaka nthawi yophukira.
- Pa dothi louma, lopanda chinyezi, nthawi yakucha ya mbatata imachepetsedwa. Pakati pa chilimwe pomwe paminda yomwe mbewu zimasowa kuthirira, mutha kuwona kutulutsa chikondwerero chachikasu kapena tchire lopota paliponse.
Poyamba, pali mwayi wopeza mbewu yosapsa ndi kugwa, osatha kusungitsa nthawi yozizira. Ndipo pazowoneka zachiwiri ndi zachitatu, padzakhala ma tubers ochepa kwambiri, kapena onse akhale ochepa.
Cholinga cha wolimi aliyense ndi zokolola zambiri, zosungidwa bwino nthawi yonse yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuti tubers zipse, kulemera, kupanga peel wandiweyani ndikupeza michere.
Momwe mungadziwire nthawi yomwe mungathe kukumba mbatata? Kuyang'ana pa kuyanika ndi kufa kwa nsonga, ndikofunikira kukumbukira:
- Kusunga mazira m'nthaka yopitilira masabata atatu mitengo itatha sizimveka;
- kukolola mbatata kumapangitsa kuti tubers zisungidwe bwino;
- ngati zimayambira ndi masamba, ngakhale kuzizira kukuyandikira, ndiwobiriwira, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti tifulumizitse kucha kwa tubers.
Ngati chisanu choyambirira chidaononga mbewuzo, ndibwino kutola mbatata osazengereza. Kupanda kutero, michere kuchokera ku tubers ipita kukabweza nsonga.
Ndikutchetcha nsonga ndi njira zina zofanizira kukhwima kwa mbatata
Njira imodzi yosavuta yopewera zinthu ngati mukuyenera kukumba mbatata tating'ono mu kugwa ndi kutchetcha nsonga zobiriwira. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndikubzala mochedwa kapena chilimwe. Zotsatira zake, ma tubers omwe sapanga peels amavulala mosavuta ndikusungidwa bwino. Ngati simungathe kuyembekezera kukolola mbatata, ndiye kuti osachepera masiku 7-10 musanayambe kukumba, nsonga zake ndizoweta. Kwa chomera, ichi chimakhala chizindikiro cha kumalizidwa kwa zomerazo, ndipo mizu imakhwima. Momwemonso zimachitika ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito digger ya mbatata kapena thirakitara poyenda mukamakolola.
Kuti mupeze mbatata zofunikira kugulitsa koyambirira, mankhwala amagwiritsidwanso ntchito masiku ano.
- Mukamachotsa masabata awiri musanatore mbatata, mapomawo amatsanuliridwa ndi mchere wosakanizidwa ndi magalamu asanu pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Mankhwalawo amatulutsa chinyezi kuchokera ku masamba, chifukwa, masamba amawuma, kenako kupindika ndi kupukuta.
- Pamapeto pa chilimwe chotalikirapo, chotentha, limodzi ndi mpweya wambiri, nsonga zimachizidwa ndi magnesium chlorate. Chidachi chimapangidwa pamlingo wa 20 magalamu amafuta pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Ngati nyengo ikhala youma, ndiye kuti patatha masiku 5 gawo lobiriwiralo la mbeu limawuma.
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba kumathandizira kuthamanga kupopera mbewu zamasamba mbatata ndi superphosphate pamlingo wa 2 kg wazinthu pamalita 10 amadzi. Kuthirira kumachitika nthawi ya masana kapena nthawi yamadzulo nthawi yamaluwa, pomwe 5 mpaka 10 malita a makemikolo amadyedwa ndi magawo zana.
Maluso awa athandizira kupeza tubers zapamwamba kwambiri nthawi yotentha, kukumba mbatata zazing'ono zimakhala zowopsa chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa makina.
Kucha kofulumira kwambiri kumakhala koyenera m'malo a peatlands ndi madera otsika, komwe kumavumba kwamvula ndizovuta kupeza chomera chokhwima.
Nyengo nyengo yokumba mbatata
Nthawi yabwino kukumba ma tubers ndi kouma, nyengo yotentha, mukatha kukumba mbatata ndikuusanja pomwepo. Zomera zimayanika mwachangu, kuyeretsa nthaka ndikusasira.
Ngati mvula ikubwera, ndibwino kuti musachedwe kuyeretsa. Popeza chinyezi chambiri kumapeto kwa nthawi yomwe chikukula chimatha kuyambitsa matenda a mbatata, kuwoneka kwa zowola m'malo owonongeka ndikusokoneza moyo wa alumali.
Mitengo yabwino kwambiri yophika mbatata ndi yochokera madigiri 10 mpaka 17. Popeza onse ozizira nthawi imodzi komanso ozizira okhazikika sangangowononga nsonga, komanso kuvulaza tubers. Pachifukwa ichi, simuyenera kukumba mbatata kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, pomwe mpweya umayamba kuzizira kwambiri kuposa dothi.
Kututa pamanja ndikugwiritsa ntchito chosakira mbatata
Kutengera malo omwe akukonzera chiwembucho komanso zomwe amakonda, olima dimba amasankha fosholo, pitchfork, pulawo, matayala kumbuyo kwa thirakitala kapena zokumba mbatata zapadera ngati chida chokonzera mbatata. Ndi foloko, mutha kudula mizu yonse yopangidwa pachisamba. Zowonongeka kuchokera pachida ichi ndizochepa, ndipo ndizosavuta kugwira nawo. Koma ngati tuberyo idawonongeka, mosiyana ndi mbatata yodulidwa ndi fosholo, singathe kusungidwa ndipo iyenera kukonzedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuphatikiza apo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito foloko, nthawi zambiri mbatata zazing'ono sizimadulidwa pansi.
Mbatata zazing'ono zikakumbidwa panthaka yachisamba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kuzikoka pachitsamba kuti mbatata zambiri zizioneka pansi, zinazo zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fosholo ndi fosholo. Pamadothi akuda, olemera, chitsamba chimakumbidwa, ndikupanga tsamba kuchokera kumbali kuti apulumutse tubers.
Malamulowa amagwira ntchito m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, koma ngati nkhalazo zili zazikulu, simungathe kuchita popanda zida zapadera. Chombo chodzikonzera mbatata kapena chida cha fakitale chitha kuyendetsa bwino ntchitoyi, kuchepetsa ndalama zolipirira anthu ogwira ntchito komanso nthawi yokolola tubers.
Kugwira ntchito ndi chosakira mbatata kumafuna kuti muzitsatira mfundo zina.
- Makina amagwira ntchito ngati mizere ya tchire ilipo.
- Mtunda umalola kuti wolembayo asawononge mbewu yoyandikana.
- Mukamagwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mbatata yophika mbatata imayenda mosavuta, ndipo mbatata zimatsalira pansi ndikudutsa. Ngati kuya kuya kusankhidwa molakwika, ntchitoyi ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha dothi lomaliza, kapena gawo lina la mbewu litayika.
Ziribe kanthu kuti mbatata yotuta, pamanja kapena pogwiritsa ntchito makina, atatola tubers, amayenera kusanjidwa, kuchotsa mbatata zodwala ndi zowonongeka. Ndipo ngati pangafunike kutero, pindikirani mitundu, mitengo yobzala imasankhidwa nyengo yotsatira.
