Chikwama cha abusa, kapena chikwama (Kapsella) - mtundu wazomera wazomera wochokera ku banja la Kabichi (Brassicaceae) Udzu wachikwama cha mbusa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala achikhalidwe komanso zasayansi, kuphatikiza ngati wothandizira patali. Chikwama cha Abusa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi chikwama cha Mbusa wamba, kapena Sumochnik wamba - chomera chomwe chimagawidwa kwambiri ku Europe ku Russia. M'malo olimidwa ndimasamba wamba. Masika pachaka, amathanso kukhala ngati nyengo yachisanu.
Pang'ono pang'ono za mutuwo
Dzinalo la Latin Latin ndi tautological (ndiye kuti, limabwereza dzina lachi Russia): dzina lomweli ndi lat.Kapsella - kuchepera kwa capsa -chikwamamawonekedwe a chipatso; mitundu epithet bursa-Pastoris - kwenikwenithumba la m'busa.
Chikwama cha abusa wamba, kapena chikwama cha Shepherd (Capsella bursa-pastoris). © Ryunosuke KuromitsuMayina ena aku Russia -rezhuha, mndandanda, totkun.
N.I. Annenkov mu Botanical Dictionary yake adatchulanso mayina ena ambiri akumaloko:agogo, buluu, diso la mpheta, mpheta, mpheta, mbewa, girchak, gritsiki, munda wa buckwheat, tchire lambiri, maso owala, diso chizuy, mtengo wamalonda, savage, zabiraha, zosulnyk, chikwama, chikwama, burlap, nsikidzi, udzu, scrotum, scrotum, zimbalangondo za teddy, udzu wa abusa, udzu, ryuha, kutentha kwa nkhalango, mtima udzu, mitima, njati, syrika, mivi, udzu wowuma, udzu wa pot, pot-potion, tashenka, yarut, cherevel, nyongolotsi wazomera, mitundu- nyongolotsi (i.e. kuchokera ku mphutsi).
Mayina achikwama cha Mbusa ku France: Misonkhano pasteur, bourse-à-pasteurChingerezi: Thumba la Abusa, kachikwama ka m'busa, Slovak: Kapsička pastierskaChijeremani: HirtentäschelCzech: Kokoška pastuší, pastuší tobolkaChitaliyana: BorsapastoreChipwitikizi: Bolsa do m'busa, Erva do bom m'busaSpanish: Mbusa wa Bolsa de, m'busa wa Zurrón de - Mayina onsewa amatanthauzanso thumba la abusa.
Chikwama cha abusa wamba, kapena chikwama cha Shepherd (Capsella bursa-pastoris). © AnneTanneMorphology ndi biology ya abusa matumba
Maonekedwe a Polymorphic. Pesi la abusa matumba 20-60 cm kutalika, kosavuta kapena nthambi. Spindle muzu. Masamba otsika mu rosette yoyambira, kuyambira kwathunthu kufikira ku cirrus; Masamba owumbika ndi ochepa, owoneka bwino, otsika kapena opindika; Pamwamba pake ali ngati mzera, wokhala ndi mkondo woboola. Inflorescence ndi burashi lotayirira, maluwa ndi actinomorphic, 4 -wofotokozedwa, miyala yoyera. Chipatso cha abusa a chikwamacho ndi pod, kumbuyo-kotetemera, kooneka ngati mtima, komanso kokhala kochepetsetsa. Kupanga - mpaka 70,000 mbewu pa chomera chilichonse. Kutentha kokwanira kumera kwa mbeu ndi 15-26 ° C, otsika ndi 1-2 ° C, apamwamba ndi 32-34 ° C. Mphukira zimawonekera mu Marichi-Meyi, nthawi yachiwiri - mu Ogasiti-Seputembera, mbewu yophukira kwa chirimwe. Mitundu yozizira ya matumba abusa imaphukira mu Marichi-Meyi, masika - mu June-Julayi, ikuphuka mu June-Seputembara. Mbewu zongopsa kumene zimakhala ndi kumera pang'ono. Kumera kwa nyemba kumachitika pakadutsa masentimita osakwana 2-3. Kukula kumatenga osaposa zaka 11.
Kufalikira kwa matumba abusa
Chikwama cha Abusa - chomera cosmopolitan. Imapezeka kumadera onse padziko lapansi, kupatula madera otentha. Kugawidwa ku USSR yakale kumadera akutali azigawo.
Chikwama cha abusa chimapezeka pamitundu yamitundu yonse, ndikupanga zomasulidwa. Kudera la taiga, makamaka kumpoto kwake, limodzi mwa namsongole woipa, makamaka m'zomera za nyengo yozizira, kum'mwera kum'mwera, makamaka ndi mbewu yachikale.
Chikwama cha abusa wamba, kapena chikwama cha Shepherd (Capsella bursa-pastoris). © Susanne WiikMtengo wachuma
Udzu wazomera za nthawi yozizira ndi ya masika, mbewu za mzere, udzu, mpweya, minda, m'minda. Monga zachifwamba - m'malo opasuka, m'misewu ndi m'malo zinyalala.
Njira zodzitchinjiriza: kusambira ndikuzama kuya kwa masentimita 6-8 mutangokolola, mutatha kuphukira kwa thumba la m'busa - kulima kwa nyundo. Chapakatikati - kulima chiwonongeko cha ma rosette a udzu wofalikira. Zomera za mzere mbewu - kulima pakati-panjira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito matumba abusa kuphika
Masamba a chomera chachichepere ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sopo, borscht, saladi komanso monga kudzaza kwa ma pie.
Ku China, thumba la m'busa limakhala ngati chomera chosasinthika pamalo opanda kanthu, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pamenepa, ngakhale dzina limodzi la mbewu m'Chingerezi -Chinese cress (Chitchaina chamadzi achi China).
Ku Japan ndi India, masamba achikwama cha abusa amapaka nyama, ndikuwonjezera pa msuzi. Zonenepa zakale zimapatsa msuzi zakudya ndi kulawa. Mbatata zosenda zimapangidwa kuchokera masamba owiritsa. Masamba owuma ndi ophwanyika amawonjezera kukoma kwa nyama ndi nsomba.
Ku Caucasus, atangosungunuka ndi chipale chofewa, masamba ang'onoang'ono amachikwama cha abusa amasonkhanitsidwa, komwe ma saladi amakonzedwa, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yankhumba ndi sipinachi kwa vinaigrette.
Ku France, mafuta onenepa a mbewuyi ndi gawo lofunikira pa saladi wokometsera.
Thumba la abusa pansi lingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa mpiru.
Chikwama cha abusa wamba, kapena chikwama cha Shepherd (Capsella bursa-pastoris). © Kazuhiro TsugitaKugwiritsa ntchito matumba abusa pamankhwala
Pazifukwa zamankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito udzu wa mbewu yomwe ili ndi rhamnoglycoside hyposin Sorbic acid, tannins, fumaric, malic, citric ndi tartaric acid: choline, acetylcholine, tyramine, inoside, ascorbic acid. Mafuta ochulukirapo mpaka 28% ndi mafuta ochepa ampiru amapezeka m'mbewu.
Matumba a udzu ndi abusa mu June - Julayi, nthawi yamaluwa, youma panja mumthunzi kapena m'malo opumira. Zinthu zatsopano okonzeka - mapesi 30 - 40 cm ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, maluwa oyera achikasu, onunkhira kukomoka, kukoma kowawa. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi za zopangira zikuyembekezeredwa: chinyezi chokhala osapitirira 13%, chimayambira ndi mizu kapena mosiyana mizu ndi mbali zina zong'ambika zomwe zimadutsa pakati pa sume ndi dzenje la 3 mm, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa - osapitirira 5%, zodetsa organic - osapitirira 2%, mchere - osapitirira 2% zoposa 1%. Atanyamula m'matumba kapena ma bales of 25-100 kg gross. Kufunika kwa zinthu zopangira sikuli bwino.
Bokosi la mbewu lotseguka ndi duwa la kachikwama ka mbusayo, kapena kachikwama ka wamba. © Andrey ZharkikhMankhwala
Udzu wa thumba la mbusayo umalimbitsa kamvekedwe ka minofu ya chiberekero ndikuchepetsa ziwiya zotumphukira.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati he hetaticatic othandizira makamaka kutulutsa magazi mu chiberekero. Udzu watsopano ndiwothandiza kwambiri.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito masamba odwala kapena owonongeka achikwama cha abusa, chifukwa bowa yemwe amawakhudza nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi poizoni.
