Delphinium (Delphinium) ndi mbewu yotulutsa maluwa pachaka kapena yachikale kuchokera kubanja la Lyutikov, yolumikizitsa mitundu pafupifupi 450 yamtundu wake. Anthu amawatcha maluwa kuti malowo kapena maluwa. Chikhalidwechi chofala kumadera otentha a Africa, ku China komanso pafupifupi ku Southeast Asia. Dzinali limachokera ku mzinda wachi Greek wa Delphi, momwe maluwa amakulira ambiri. Koma alimi ambiri amaluwa amakhulupirira kuti chikhalidwe chomwe chimapanga masamba chimafanana ndi mutu wa dolphin, chifukwa chake dzinali.
Zambiri za kukula kwa delphinium
Popanda kudziwa komanso luso la maluwa okongoletsa maluwa, kukula maluwa okongola a delphinium sikudzakhala kophweka. Ndikofunikira kuganizira zosankha zonse zomwe zimakonda maluwa obzala, mukukula ndi kusamalira. Kuchita ndendende "mbewu" zonse za chomera, mutha kusangalala ndi kutalika kwakutali ndi kuterera nyengo yonse ya chilimwe.
- Tsambalo likuyenera kukhala pamalo otseguka ndi dzuwa.
- Mitundu imafunikira chitetezo chokwanira ku mphepo yamkuntho.
- Ma dolphiniums sangabzalidwe pamalo opezeka madzi, malo otsika komanso kufupi kwa madzi apansi panthaka.
- Kupezeka kwa chotchinga cha mulching kapena peat mutabzala chovomerezeka.
- Pambuyo pazaka 4-5, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe malo omwe mumalimamo.
- Zomera zowuma zimatha kuthyoka chifukwa champhepo zamphamvu, chifukwa chake maluwa (makamaka mitundu yayitali ndi mitundu) amafunika garter.
- Njira zodzitetezera munthawi yake pothana ndi ufa wowuma ndipo tizirombo ting'onoting'ono ndikofunika kwambiri.
Kukula delphinium kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa dolphinium
Kuti muthe kukhala ndi mbande zokulirapo komanso zapamwamba za delphinium, ndikofunikira kusunga bwino kubzala zakuthupi kapena kufesa mbewu zomwe zatsopano. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbeu zisungidwe m'malo otentha komanso ozizira (mwachitsanzo, mufiriji). Kumera kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ngati mbewu zimasungidwa pamalo owuma komanso otentha.
Mbewu zisanafesere zimafunikira pang'ono, koma kukonzekera. Kuti asafe ndi matendawa, amaikidwa mu chikwama cha gauze ndikuwanyowa mu njira ya manganese (kapena fungicon iliyonse) kwa mphindi 20-25, kenako ndimatsukidwa pansi pamadzi ozizira ndikuyika yankho lina kwa tsiku (kutengera Epin). Galasi lamadzi lifunika madontho 3-4 a mankhwalawo. Pambuyo pamachitidwe onse, njere zimaphwa ndikufesedwa. Nthawi yabwino yofesa ndi sabata lomaliza la February.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Dothi losakanikirana, lomwe limakhala ndi magawo ofanana ndi peat, kompositi, dothi la m'munda, mchenga wamtsinje (theka la gawo), perlite (kwa 5 l - 1/2 chikho), liyeneranso kutetezedwa musanabzalire mbeu. Kuti muchite izi, umasungidwa mumadzi osamba kwa ola limodzi, ndikuloledwa kuziziritsa ndikuzaza zonyamulirazo.
Kubzala mbewu ndi mikhalidwe
Nthaka m'mabokosi ofunikira ayenera kupunthidwa mopepuka. Mbewu za Delphinium zimagawidwa mwachisawawa pamtunda, zowazidwa ndi woonda wosanjikiza lapansi (osaposa 3 mm) ndikuwumbika pang'ono. Mutabzala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti uunikire pansi kuchokera kutsitsi labwino ndi madzi owiritsa pamoto kutentha ndikupanga chivundikiro cha galasi ndi zinthu zakuda za opaque pamwamba. Mikhalidwe yamdima imathandizira kuti mbande zikulire mwachangu. Ndikofunika kumanyowetsa nthaka ndikukhazikitsa malo obzala.
Zonyamula zazitali zitha kuikidwa pawindo. Stratization ithandizira kuthamangitsa maonekedwe a mbande za delphinium kwa masabata 1-2. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyika mabokosi omwe ali ndi nthangala kwa masiku atatu m'malo otentha - firiji, khonde loyatsidwa, khonde. Pambuyo pa kutuluka, kanema wakuda ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Chisamaliro chachikulu ndikuthirira, kupopera ndi kupopera mpweya.
Delphinium mbande
Masamba enieni a 2-3 akapezeka pazomera zazing'ono za delphinium, mutha kudumphira m'madzi. Maluwa amasinthidwa kukhala mumtundu umodzi wokhala ndi voliyumu ya 200-300 ml ndipo amakhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20. Munthawi ya kukula kwa mmera, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kukakamira, popeza mapesi a delphinium amatha kudwala mwendo wakuda. Matendawa adzawononga zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe.
Dothi lili mumphika wamaluwa liyenera kukhala lotayirira nthawi zonse ndikudutsa mpweya ndi madzi bwino. Pambuyo nyengo yakhazikitsidwa (kumayambiriro kwa Meyi), tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pang'onopang'ono muzolowere mbande kuti izikhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso dzuwa.
Kuti mulimbitse chitetezo chokwanira, mbande zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa ma 2 musanazungulidwe ndi malo osakwanira ndi masiku 15. Monga feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Agricola kapena Solution. Njira yothetsera vutoli siyiyenera kugwa pamtunda wa masamba.
Delphinium ikamatera
Potseguka, mbande za delphinium zimayikidwa limodzi ndi mtanda wina, womwe umatsimikizira kuti mizu yake ndiyabwino. Kuzama kwa dzenje lakufika ndi pafupifupi 50 cm, mainchesi ndi 40 cm, mtunda pakati pakamatambawo ndi 60-70 cm.
Bowo lililonse lomwe limalowera likuyenera kudzazidwa ndi kompositi kapena chidebe (theka la chidebe), feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere (supuni ziwiri), phulusa la nkhuni (kapu imodzi). Mutabzala mbande, dziko lapansi limapangidwa pang'ono ndikuthirira. Pa nthawi yakukula, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mbande ndi botolo la pulasitiki kapena mbewu ngati galasi.
Kusamalira Kunja kwa Dolphin
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Chovala choyambirira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbeu zazing'ono zimakula pafupifupi masentimita 10-15.Chepa cha ng'ombe cholowetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 10 chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza.
Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba cha delphinium chikuchitika pakapangidwe ka inflorescence. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, muyenera kupanga feteleza umodzi wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Pa 10 l madzi kuwonjezera 20 g ya michere.
Mulching ndi kupatulira masitepe
Mulch kuchokera peat kapena humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito mukangomoka kuyula ndikumasulira nthaka. Kukula kwa mulching wosanjikiza kuli pafupifupi masentimita atatu. Kudula mitengo yamaluwa kumachitika ikafika masentimita 20-30. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mphukira zonse zopanda mphamvu mkati mwa chitsamba. Sayenera kukhala yopanda 5 stems. Njirayi imalimbikitsa kufalikira kwa mpweya wabwino komanso kuwoneka kwa inflorescence yokulirapo. Zidutswa zomwe zatsalira mutatha kudulira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pobereka.
Garter
Kutalika kwa mitengo yolumikizira kapena ndodo kuli osachepera 1.5 mita. Kapangidwe kazomera ka dolphinium kamachitika m'magawo awiri. Koyamba pomwe tchire limakula pafupifupi masentimita 50, ndipo lachiwiri kupitirira mita 1. Popewa mapesi a dolphinium kuti asawonongeke pakamangidwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za nsalu kapena nthiti yokhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 1 cm.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi yonse ya delphinium masiku otentha a chilimwe, komanso pakupanga inflorescence, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika 1-2 pa sabata. Pa chitsamba chilichonse chamaluwa, ndowa ziwiri za madzi zidzafunika. Pakati kuthirira ndikulimbikitsidwa kumasula nthaka.
Kubzala kwa dolphinium
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Pofalitsa maluwa a delphinium, tchire pazaka zitatu kapena zinayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawani chitsamba koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira ndi mpeni wakuthwa. M'malo odula amadzaza ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena makala oyaka, pambuyo pake amadzalidwa m'maluwa.
Delphinium pambuyo maluwa
Delphinium ndichikhalidwe cholimbana ndi chisanu, koma sichimalola kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi kutentha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi yachisanu ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba dimba lamaluwa ndi nthambi kapena udzu. Asanayambe kuphimba, mapesi a delphinium amadulidwa, ndikusiya pafupifupi 30 cm, ndipo nsonga za zitsindezo zimaphimbidwa ndi dongo.
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa m'munda wanu kapena dimba la maluwa, musawope zovuta zosafunikira ndikuwonongerani nthawi yomwe mwawononga. Khama, kupirira komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika zimapangitsa kuti infield ikhale yopepuka komanso yokongola.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda a delphinium omwe ali ndi powderyypew, akuda komanso amaso. Zizindikiro zake ndi zolengeza zoyera, zachikaso kapena zakuda pamaso. Matenda a fungal amatha kuwononga tchire lonse ngati chithandizo sichichitika pa nthawi yake. Pakupopera mankhwalawa gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera "Fundazol" ndi "Topaz". Kusintha kwa maluwa kuyimikidwa kawiri ndi gawo la masabata awiri.
Kumayambiriro kwa malo amdima akuda, njira ya tetracycline imapopera. Amakonzedwa kuchokera pa 1 lita imodzi yamadzi ndi piritsi limodzi la tetracycline.
Malo okhala mphete sangathe kuthandizidwa, tchire lonse lomwe lili ndi kachilombo liyenera kuwonongedwa kwathunthu.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta delphinium ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, slugs, ndi delphinium zimauluka. Monga prophylaxis motsutsana ndi mawonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi "Actellicum" kapena "Cabofos" ndikulimbikitsidwa. Ntchentche yoyala mazira m'maluwa amaidula ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Mutha kuthana ndi ma slgs mwa njira za anthu. Mwachitsanzo, salola fungo la bulitchi, lomwe limatha kukhazikitsidwa m'mitsuko yaying'ono ndikuyika pakati pa tchire loyenda maluwa.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi mitundu ya delphinium
Delphinium Field (Delphinium Consolida) - mitundu yayitali - pachaka, mpaka 2 mita kutalika. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi yayitali - kuyambira koyambirira kwa Juni mpaka Seputembara. Utoto wautoto uli ndi utoto wabuluu, lilac, pinki ndi yoyera. Ma inflorescence ena amapakidwa penti yomweyo - mwachitsanzo, lamtambo ndi loyera. Maluwa ndi osavuta komanso awiriawiri.
Ajax Delphinium - Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa chaka chimodzi womwe wadutsa podutsa Delphinium "East" ndi "Wokayikira." Kutalika kwapakati pa tsinde ndi 40-90 cm, kutalika kwa ma spike-buluu, ofiira, pinki, buluu ndi ma violet inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa nyengo yachilimwe mpaka nyengo yachisanu yoyamba.
Wamtali komanso Wokhala ndi Maluwa akuluakulu Delphinium - perennials, mutadutsa pomwe mitundu yosakanizidwa "Barlow", "Beladonna", "Wangwiro" ndi mitundu ingapo yamtambo yokhala ndi mithunzi ya buluu ndi yofiirira idapangidwa.
Pakati pa mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya delphiniums, mutha kupeza zikhalidwe zazitali komanso zazing'ono, zikhalidwe zosavuta komanso zowerengeka, zomwe zimasiyana pamiyeso yamaluwa ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescence. Pamalo oyambira, ma hybrids amagawidwa m'magulu a New Zealand ndi Marfins omwe ali ndi mwayi ndi mawonekedwe ake. Amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukongoletsa, kukana chisanu, kusinthasintha nyengo ndi nyengo, kukana matenda ndi tizilombo. Ma Delphiniums atchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri opanga maluwa komanso opanga maonekedwe chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo, kuzindikira kwawo komanso masewera osiyanasiyana.
