Chimodzi mwazomera zodziwika bwino m'maluwa a maluwa ndi clematis, ndipo pakati pa zina zomwe zimakonda kukokometsedwa ndizosatheka, popanda chifukwa chomwe ambiri amamucha kuti mfumu ya mipesa. Kutulutsa kwamaluwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatsimikizira kuti izi ndizogunda.
Maluwa a Clematis amakongoletsa mawonekedwe aliwonse. Clematis ndi duwa lomwe limapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi nkhawa komanso azigwirizana. Mitundu yamakono ya clematis imakupatsani mwayi wokuza iwo mu zigawo zosiyanasiyana za dziko lathu.
Mtundu Clematis (Clematis) ndi wa banja la Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae). Dzinali limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti klema, lomwe limatanthawuza "chomera chokwera". Mwa mayina ambiri odziwika (lozinka, warthog, etc.) ku Russia, "clematis" amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya clematis ndi zithunzi zawo
Mitundu ya clematis ndi yosiyanasiyana. Izi sizongokwawa zokha, komanso zitsamba ndi zitsamba. Mitundu yambiri ndi masamba oyambira masamba, omwe amakwera pamathandizo, omwe amaphatikizika ndi masamba petioles. Njira ya mizu ndiyosiyana: imakhala yofunikira kapena yopukutira.
Izi ndi mitundu ya clematis yomwe ili ndi zithunzi zomwe zikuwonetsa kukongola kwa duwa:
Clematis adawonekera koyamba m'mundamu mu 1569 ku England. Iwo adayamba kugwira nawo ntchito posankha m'zaka za zana la 19, koma ntchito yogwira ntchito idayamba kokha m'zaka za zana la 20. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti obereketsa A.N. Volosenko-Valenis, M.A. Beskaravaynoy, M.I. Orlov, M.F. Sharonova, U. Ya. Kivistik ndi ena adapanga mitundu yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu thumba la golide la chikhalidwe ichi. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mitundu ndi mitunduyi ya clematis lero ibwera kwa ife makamaka kuchokera ku malo achibereke achi Dutch. Pakadali pano, kusankha kosangalatsa kukuchitika ku Poland, komwe kwatipatsa ife zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa.
Pansipa patsamba lino onani clematis onse: mitundu ndi zithunzi, sankhani mitundu yoyenera munduyo ndikukula mbewu zodabwitsa izi.
Palibenso gulu lina lililonse lovomerezeka lazophatikizidwa la clematis. Amagawika m'magulu molingana ndi komwe mitunduyi idachokera.
Mitundu yomwe ilipo kwambiri m'minda ndi K. jacman (C. x jackmanii), K. violet (C. viticella), woolly (C. lanuginosa), sprawling (C. patens), ndi maluwa (C. florida) )
Pazochita zamaluwa, posachedwa anaganiza zogawa clematis malinga ndi kukula kwa duwa ndi mtundu wa kudulira. Ndi kukula kwa duwa, mitunduyo imagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono (mpaka masentimita 5-7) komanso yayikulu.
Magulu atatu a clematis
Malinga ndi mtundu wa chisamaliro, mbewu zimagawika m'magulu atatu a clematis kudulira. Mtundu woyamba kudulira umaphatikizapo clematis, zomwe sizimadulira. Kwa wachiwiri - clematis, pomwe, pambuyo poyamba maluwa, mphukira zomwe zidatha chaka chatha zidulidwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira, mphukira za chaka chino zimadulidwa ku tsamba loyamba kapena kufupikitsidwa pafupifupi kotala. Mtundu wachitatu umaphatikizapo mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe mphukira imadulidwa kwathunthu kapena kumanzere 15 cm masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Mtunduwu umaphatikizanso ndi clematis ndi udzu womwe umafa nthawi yozizira, pomwe amachotsedwa.
Chifukwa chake, clematis ndi violet a Jacquman ndi a gulu lachitatu lomwe limatulira, ndipo clematis ndiubweya, wotumphukira komanso wamaluwa ku gulu lachiwiri. Clematis molunjika (C. recta) ndi herbaceous osatha, ndipo nthawi yozizira mphukira zake zakufa zimachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake magulu akuluakulu a clematis amapangidwa, omwe amatha kukhala akuluakulu pamalo awo.
Nthawi ndi nthawi ya maluwa clematis
Pakati pa Russia, mitundu yomwe imaphukira pa mphukira za chaka chamakono kapena sizifunikira pogona kuti dzinja limere bwino ndikukula. Kusankha mitundu yayikulu yamaluwa ambiri m'munda mwanu, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu ya K. Jacqueman ndi K. Purple. Mukamasankha mitundu, ndikofunikira kuganizira nthawi yamaluwa.
Zosiyanasiyana zotumphukira za chaka chatha sizoyenera nyengo zathu. Ngakhale mabukuwa amafotokoza njira zosungira mitundu yotere, ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza "kiyi" yokhazikika pokhazikika. Ngati ndichopepuka chokwanira komanso chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, ndiye kuti mphukira nthawi zambiri zimazizira nyengo yachisanu. Ngati pogona ndi wandiweyani, iwo vyp scrollayut. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kwambiri kuchotsa popanda kuthyola mbewuyo. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pagululi ndizomveka kukula mitundu yokha yomwe imaphukira kwambiri pa mphukira za chaka chamawa. Pankhaniyi, amatha kudulidwa, komanso clematis a gulu lachitatu.
Mitundu yambiri ya terry imapanga maluwa a terry pa mphukira za chaka chatha, ndipo pa mphukira za chaka chamawa maluwa ake ali ndi maluwa osavuta, mwina simungalandire maluwa kawiri konse, ngakhale otsatsa akutsimikiziridwa.
Kupatulako ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yamzaka zaposachedwa zosankhidwa zamtundu "Multi Blue" ("Multi Blue") ndi "Blue Light" (Blue Blue ")amene amatulutsa maluwa ndi maluwa owirikiza pachaka. Nthawi yamaluwa nthawi yayitali clematis pamenepa ndi yayitali.
Zowoneka bwino kwambiri ndi mitundu yayikulu-yoyera ndi mitundu yambiri. Maluwa awo akuluakulu okhala ndi ma anther otchuka amasangalatsidwa ndi kukongola kwawo. Ndikosavuta kusankha mitundu yowalimbikitsa.
Clematis mwachindunji ndi chithunzi chake
Clematis molunjika (C. recta) - wosasunthika wowongoka wamasamba osakwana 1.5-2 m, womwe umafuna garter. Limamasula kwambiri, ndikupanga "chithovu" choyera chamaluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amatengedwa m'maluwa akuluakulu. Fungo lamphamvu lomwe likufotokozedwera sikuti limapezeka mwazomera zonse.
Pali f. mimayi wokhala ndi masamba opera paphiri ndi zitsinde zomwe zimasanduka zobiriwira maluwa.
Onani clematis molunjika mu chithunzi, chomwe chikuwonetsa chisomo chomera:
Clematis Fargezioides ndi chithunzi chake
Clematis Fargezioides (S. x fargesioides, syn. "Paul Farges", "Chilimwe Chilimwe") - mpesa wamphamvu kwambiri (mpaka 7 m utali) wosapatsa mpesa. Limaphuka bwino kuyambira mwezi wa Julayi mpaka Seputembala pa mphukira za chaka chino ndi maluwa oyera oyera oyera omwe amapangitsa kunyenga kwa matalala. Olemba ena amati kununkhira kosangalatsa, makamaka madzulo. Kuchepetsa ndi ufulu.
Zithunzi za clematis fargezioides zitha kuwonedwanso patsamba lino:
Clematis yemwe anali ndi tsamba-lonse komanso chithunzi chake
Clematis (C. integratedifolia) "Rosea" ("Rosea") - chitsamba clematis ndi woonda kumata mphukira. Maluwa ndi ofiira ngati belu. Pambuyo maluwa, chitsamba chimakongoletsedwa ndi chipatso chowoneka bwino. Akuwombera 0,4-1 m kutalika.
"Hakuree" ("Hakuri") - osiyanasiyana a clematis whole-leaved (C. integratedifolia), osakhazikika (mpaka 0.5 m kutalika), shrub yosasunthika. Choyera ndi fumbi lofiirira komanso chopanda pakati pa maluwa, maluwa ooneka ngati belu ndi okongola kwambiri chifukwa chamanda opindika. Limamasula kuyambira June mpaka Sepemba.
Zotsatirazi ndi zithunzi za tsamba lonse la mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
"Lambton Park" ("Lambton Park") - osiyanasiyana a clematis tangutus (C. tangutica), omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa owala achikasu achikasu, akuluakulu pagululi. Limamasula kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi - June mpaka pakati pa chilimwe. Pambuyo pake, mbewuyo imakongoletsedwa ndi zipatso za siliva. Kuchepetsa ndi ufulu. Mtengowo ndi wamtali wa 3.5-5 m.
"Masewera a Plena Elegans", syn. "Elegans Plena", "Andre" ("Purple captive Elegance"), - osiyanasiyana K. violet (C. viticella), shrub liana wokhala ndi mphukira yolimba kwambiri mpaka 2.5-3,5 m. Maluwa ofiira ofiira ofiira apakatikati kukula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Amaluwa nthawi yayitali pachilimwe pa mphukira za chaka chamawa.
"Rooguchi" ("Roguchi") - mitundu yonse ya K. yonse yamasamba (C. integratedifolia), imaphuka kuyambira mu June mpaka Seputembala ndi mabelu okongola a "violet" a buluu omwe amakhala ndi mbali zomata. Kutalika kwa mbewu 1.5-2 m.
Clematis wofiirira: mitundu ndi zithunzi
Buluu wapepo amakhala ndi mtundu wowala bwino. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clematis wofiirira, pansipa ndi imodzi mwazo.
Onani maluwa a clematis omwe ali pachithunzichi ndikusankha mitundu yoyenera. Ngakhale ndikuyenera kuganizira kuti chithunzi cha clematis sichikupereka kununkhira komwe masamba ake amatulutsa.
"Savannah," syn. Eviopo032 (Savannah), - cultivar K. violet (C. viticella), akukwera zitsamba zosagwira. Limamasula kwambiri ndi maluwa ooneka ngati rasipiberi okhala ndi buluu kutulutsa maluwa ooneka bwino kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka Seputembara. Liana 1.5-2,5 m kutalika.
Tiperekanso kuwona chithunzi cha clematis violet ndikuwunika mawonekedwe ake:
Nthawi yamaluwa ya clematis imatha kuwonjezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mitundu ndi mitundu yoyambira yamaluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amayambira, omwe ma botanists ena amawasiyanitsa mu gulu lina la akalonga (Atragene).
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya clematis kudera la Moscow
Clematis ya malo ocheperako amayenera kusankhidwa mosamala kwambiri. Otsatirawa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clematis ku Moscow. Pakukula nyengo yathu, ndizoyenera mitundu ya alpine (C. alpina), mitundu ikulu-ikulu (C. macropetala), mitundu ya Siberian (C. sibirica), yomwe imawerengedwa ndi akatswiri ena monga mitundu ya mitundu ya mapiri, ndi mitundu ya Okhotsky (C. ochotensis). Awa ndi zitsamba zobiriwira zamitengo yamitengo, zomwe zimaphukira mu Meyi-Juni ndikutulutsa maluwa okongola kwambiri. Maluwa amodzi nthawi zambiri amawonekera nthawi yonse yotentha. Zomera zolimba zozizira, kusankha kwawo kumachita Canada. Mkhalidwe wokula ndi wofanana ndi wa clematis ena. Sifunika kudulira pachaka, kokha kudulira mwaukhondo ndi kupatulira kwa mphukira mu tchire akuluakulu kumachitika. Zikuyenera kugawidwa kwambiri m'minda yathu, chifukwa maluwa awo "akukulira" ndi osakhwima komanso okongola.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya clematis ku Moscow ndi izi:
"Maloto a Ndimu" ("Ndimu ya Ndimu") - mitundu yomwe imawonekera ndi kuwala kwachikasu chikasu cha maluwa, omwe, pomwepo, amawonekera. Imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu owoneka ngati belu olimba a akalonga, omwe ali ndi fungo labwino la mphesa. Kutalika kwa mbewu 2-3 m.
Clematis "Markham's Pink" ("Markhams Pink") limamasula kwambiri ndi maluwa okongola apawiri-rasipiberi. Liana mpaka 2,5 m kutalika.
"Maidwell Hall" Izi ndi maluwa abwino kwambiri m'chigawo cha Moscow, omwe amatulutsa maluwa ambiri. Zomera zimafikira kutalika kwa 2-2,5 m.
"Loto Lofiyira" ("Loto Lofiyira") - mitundu yayikulu yosanja yofiirira yofiirira yofiirira yokhala ndi mapiri opindika "owongoka" omwe amanunkhira pang'ono ngati zipatso za mphesa. Mtengowo ndi wamtunda wa 2-3m.
Clematis "Rosie O'Grady" ("Rosie O'Grandi") limamasula kwambiri pinki likule "mabelu". Liana 2-3 m kutalika.
"Golide wa Stolwijk" ("Stolvijk Golide") - mtundu woyamba wokhala ndi masamba achikasu agolide, pomwe maluwa amtundu wa violet amawoneka mosiyana. Kutalika kwa mbewu 2-2,5 m.
Clematis "White Swan" ("White Swan") limamasulidwa kwambiri ndi maluwa oyera, awiri-awiri, ozungulira maluwa. Liana amafika kutalika kwa 2-3 m.
Clematis Jacquman
Clematis Jacquman (S. x jackmanii, syn. "Jackmanii") - Imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba yobadwa m'ma 1900 idatulutsa gulu lonse ndipo sichinatayebe kutchuka: ikupitilira kukula m'minda ndi kuperekedwa ku nazale. Amamasuka kwambiri ndi maluwa amdima amtundu wakuda bii wokhala ndi maluwa amtundu wachikasu. Liana amafika kutalika kwa 3-4 m.
"Comtesse de Bouchaud" ("Comtesse de Boucho") - zosiyanasiyana clematis ndi maluwa otuwa a lilac-pinki, ophimba tchire. Kutalika kwa mbewu 2-3 m.
"Chitsime cha Crystal", syn. "Fairy Blue", "Evipo038" (Crystal Fontaine), - amodzi mwa mitundu yocheperako yomwe imapanga maluwa "pawiri" pazomera zamakono. Maluwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wonyezimira wa mtundu wa lilac. Kutalika kwa mpesa ndi 1.5-2,5 m.
Clematis Alpine ndi chithunzi chake
Clematis alpine "alpina" - Onani chithunzi: ali ndi maluwa okongola a buluu a lilac okhala ndi manda okhala ndi mandulo okhala ndi ma anthers amdima amdima. Kutalika kwa mphukira kukwera mpaka 2,5 m.
"Hagley Zophatikiza" ("Hagley Zophatikiza") - idakali imodzi yamitundu yapinki yapamwamba kwambiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clematis alpine. Wopangidwa ndi nyenyezi wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy, lilac-pinki wokhala ndi maluwa owala bwino okhala ndi anthers wofiirira. Bzalani 2-2,5 m kutalika.
Kenako mutha kuwona chithunzi cha clematis alpine:
Mphesa za Clematis Atsikana
Mphesa zamtundu wa clematis zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa osiyanasiyana.
"Mazury" ("Mazury") - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya clematis yokhala ndi maluwa oyera abuluu owoneka bwino owoneka bwino, omwe poyambira maluwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola nthawi zonse, ngati wopangidwa ndi pepala latsitsi. Kunja kwa malembawo ndi mawanga obiriwira. Kutha, duwa limatseguka kwambiri, kuwulula ma pulosi amitundu. Kufanizira ndi pepala la minofu kumakumbukiridwanso nyengo yamvula, pomwe maluwa "sag". Liana 2-3 m kutalika.
Clematis "Minister" ("Minister") Imakhala ndi maluwa okhala ndi manda okhala ndi mizere yoyera ya utoto wabuluu wokhala ndi mkanda wofiirira. Zomera zimafikira kutalika kwa 2-2,5 m.
"Niobe" ("Niobe") - zosiyanasiyana clematis ndi maluwa onunkhira amtundu wakuda wakuda bii, komwe ma anthers achikasu amasiyanitsidwa bwino. Bzalani 2-2,5 m kutalika.
"PiilU", syn. "Mwana Wamng'ono" ("Pielu"), - ikutulutsa maluwa osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa amaluwa a pinki okhala ndi malo oyera amdima pinki m'munsi mwa manda, ma anther ndi achikaso chowala. Pa mphukira za chaka chatha, chimaphukira ndi maluwa apawiri. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi 1.5-2 m.
Clematis "Pohjanael" ("Pyhyanael") imakhala ndi maluwa a lilac-violet okhala ndi chingwe chofiirira pakati pa manda. Liana 2-2,5 m kutalika.
"Rouge Cardinal" (Rouge Cardinal) - imodzi mwabwino kwambiri yamitundu "yofiira" ya clematis. Maluwa ndi ofiira ofiira osiyanasiyananso ndi ma anthers oyera otuwa. Kutalika kwa mphukira mpaka 3 m.
"Romantika" ("Romance") - gawo lamphamvu kwambiri (2,5-3 m) losasinthika kwambiri la clematis. Maluwa a Velvet wakuda-violet okhala ndi maso achikasu a anther pafupifupi amabisa masamba.
Clematis "Valge Daam" (Valge Daam ") ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, omwe pamapeto a maluwa amasanduka oyera. Anther ndi zofiirira. Kutalika kwa mphukira mpaka 2 m.
"Stasik" ("Stasik") - Amitundu osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana, amakongoletsa ndi maluwa okongola ngati maluwa. Ena mwa akatswiri "athu" adalemba za mitundu ya Chipolishi. Liana ndi compact, 1-1,5 m kutalika.
Roko-Kolla (Roko-Kolla) amadziwika ndi mtundu wake wosowa. ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi mzere wobiriwira wowonekera.
"Teksa" ("Texa") ndi maluwa ngati opangidwa kuchokera ku denim.
"Primrose wa Wada", syn. "Mfumukazi Yachikasu" (Wadas Primrose), wokhala ndi maluwa achikasu achikaso.
Ambiri sanyalanyaza clematis yaying'ono yaying'ono, yosiyana kwambiri komanso yokongola. Ena mwa iwo amatha kuphimba dera lalikulu, ena amatha kulowa m'malo osakanikirana, pomwe sangathe "kukoka" chidwi chawo chonse, ndipo maluwa ake okongola amapanga mgwirizano wabwino ndi mbewu zina. Kusankha mitundu yayitali kwambiri yamaluwa, musaiwale za hardness yozizira ndikubzala mitunduyo nthawi yozizira popanda pogona. Kusankha pano kulinso kosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo kumapitilira mafupipafupi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
