Aliyense akumvetsetsa kuti mbeu yodzaza mbatata itha kupezeka yokha kuchokera ku ma tubers apamwamba kwambiri omwe asankhidwa ndikusungidwa kuti abzalidwe moyenera. Inde, mutha kugula mbatata za mbewu mu umodzi mwa mafamu omwe akuchita ndikupanga ndikugulitsa, koma ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero kuti wolima munda nthawi zambiri amathetsa yekha. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikambirane zaukadaulo wosankha mbatata za njere, kapangidwe kake ka kasungidwe, komanso za momwe mungadziisungire yokha mwatsatanetsatane komanso momveka momwe kungathekere kwa owerenga aliyense.
Mbatata zamasamba osiyanasiyana.
M'malo mwake, kuti mbatata za mbewu ziwonongeke mpaka nthawi yomwe zimafunikira kubzala, muyenera kutsatira, malamulo osavuta - kukolola kwakanthawi kuchokera pamalowa, sankhani tubers zazikulu komanso zopangidwa bwino ndikuziikira pambali, popanda kusakanikirana ndi ena, koma konzekerani bwino zosungidwazo, i.e. kuti kutentha ndi chinyezi zonse ndizoyenera kusunga mbatata za mbatata.
Werengani nkhani zathu zatsatanetsatane: Kodi ndi liti komanso momwe mungakumbire mbatata?
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mbatata?
Pazifukwa zina zomwe sizikudziwika, ena alimi akukhulupirira kuti mbewu zamadzimadzi ziyenera kusankhidwa kuchokera ku mbatata zonse osati nthawi ya kugwa, koma kumapeto kwa chakudyachi, pafupi kumene asanabzike, ndiye kuti kumera kusanachitike. Komabe, mtumiki wanu wonyozeka ndi akatswiri ena m'munda mwawo amalimbikitsa kuti musankhe nthangala ngakhale mutakumba, koma pasadakhale - kulabadira mbewu zomwe, pakukula kwake komanso kukula kwake.
Palibe chovuta kwambiri kuyendayenda pamalowo ndikusankha zitsamba zamatumbo zolimba kwambiri, zopanda phokoso komanso zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri ndikuzilemba chizindikiro ndi mitengo kapena mitengo yomatira pafupi ndi iwo. Chifukwa chiyani izi ndizofunikira? Ndiye, popeza kuti nsonga zimakhala zamphamvu, ndiye kuti ma tubers azikhala akulu, ndipo mbewuzo zizipitilira kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndiye kuti, zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
Kukumba mbatata tubers
Kukumba tubers kuchokera ku tchire komwe cholinga chake ndi njere, ndikofunikira kuti khungu lizigwira bwino bwino, popeza ndizosavuta kuti liwononge. Kuti peelyi ikhale yowuma komanso yochepa kapena kuti isawonongeke pakuwonongeka, ndikofunikira kudulira nsonga za tchire pamtunda wa 12-14 masentimita angapo musanakumbire.
Kututa pamtchi zotere ndikofunikira kokha ndi pitchfork, mano wamba asanu: izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa ma tubers. Atangofukula, kuyezetsa koyenera kuyenera kupangidwira kuwonongeka, kuvunda, ndi zina. Kenako (ngati zonse zili bwino), ma tubers, atayanika, amatumizidwa mwachindunji m'thumba la mbewu.
Kukumba tubers ndikusankha mbatata za mbewu.
Malamulo Osankha Mbatata
Nthawi zambiri, ma tubers amasankhidwa ngati mbewu kuchokera pachitsamba chomwe osachepera asanu ndi awiri, makamaka mbatata zisanu ndi zitatu kapena zingapo, adasankhidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mbatata zinayi ziyenera kukhala zolemera kuposa magalamu zana (zitatha kusungidwa nthawi yayitali nthawi yayitali, shrinkage mpaka 80 kapena 90 magalamu ndizovomerezeka, osatinso). Ngati pansi pa chitsamba, chomwe mwina chikukula mwachangu, panali ma tubers ochepa, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muwasungire, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhope (zovuta, izi zimachitika).
Kwa njere, sitipangira kusiya mbatata, ngakhale zazikulu ndi zathanzi, koma mu bowo limodzi lomwe mudali ndi ma tubers, chifukwa matendawa amatha kufalikira pambuyo pake.
Mbatata, yomwe ilibe zophophonya, iyenera kusiyidwa kwa maola angapo padzuwa, ola limodzi pambuyo pake idatembenuza mbiya ina, kenako ndikuyibweretsa pansi kuti isungidwe kwa maola 4 mpaka 5 kuti ipukute kwathunthu.
Timakonza mbatata za mbewu kuti zisungidwe
Poganizira kuti ngakhale kukumba mosamala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mbatata zambewu, zovuta zowonongeka zikanatsalabe pa peel yake, ndikofunikira kudikirira nthawi yomwe ikutchedwa chithandizo musanayiyike yosungirako, yomwe ndiyofunikira kuchiritsa, kulimbitsa, ndikusambitsa mabala ang'onoang'ono pazizimba. Nthawi imeneyi iyenera kukhala yayitali kwambiri, mpaka masiku 14, ndipo nthawi yonseyi mbatata zam'mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa pamtengo kuti zitheke kuwunika, koma popanda chinyezi. Chipindacho (chopanda) pomwe mbatata zambewu zikuthandizidwa ziyenera kukhala zowuma ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 19-20 pamwamba pa ziro.
Kuyika kwa mbatata zambewu sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita khumi, pokhapokha ngati pali mbatata zambiri, zosanjikiza zimatha kuwirikiza. Kamodzi patsiku, mbatata ziyenera kusinthidwa mosamala ndi magolovesi ndi magolovesi; moyenerera, azisintha zobiriwira kuchokera mbali zonse. Zikuwonekeratu kuti mbatata za mbewu sizingadye; mumapezeka poizoni wambiri - solanine. Inde, kuti mukhale ndi poizoni, muyenera kudya kwambiri mbatata zotere, koma malaise ndi kudzimbidwa kumatha kuchitika. Ubwino wa mbatata zomwe zimakonzedwa motere ndikuti umapeza chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri, umasungidwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ndizosowa kwambiri kuti makoswe awonongeke.
Nthawi yamankhwalayi ikangotha, mbatata za mbewu zimayang'anidwanso kuti ziwone ngati zowonongeka zitha, ngati zilipo (ndipo pamapeto pake zadzala zowonongeka).
Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chokwanira, kuonetsetsa nthawi yosungirako ndikuwonjezera kumera kwa ma tubers a mbewu, amathanso kuthandizidwa ndikukonzekera fungicidal iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, wamaluwa amalankhula bwino za mankhwala a Maxim, ndipo ngati simukufuna kuchita nawo zamankhwala (ndipo mwina ndichoncho), kenako chitani mbatata ndi 0,02% yamkuwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa mophweka: magalamu awiri okha amkuwa amadzisungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi. Mankhwalawa amachitidwa kuchokera pa mfuti yakufinya kuti pang'onopang'ono mbatata yanyowetsedwa mbali zonse, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kulemba kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka ntchito: tiyeni tinene zidebe za 4-5 mamilimita (apa, kulemera kwa mbatata kumadalira makulidwe a kuyala, ndi zina zotero). Pambuyo pokonza ndi fungicide kapena vitriol, musanayike malo osungira, mbatata za mbewu ziyenera zouma mbali zonse ziwiri.
Timasankha ndikugawana mbatata za mbewu.
Kusungidwa mbatata
Mutha kusungira mbatata za mbewu, monga nthawi zambiri zimachitikira, m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, loggia (khonde), ndi msewu, ngati kulibe cellar, kulibe malo omangirako.
Kukonzekera cellar kuti isungidwe
Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa tizilombo m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndikuchotsa tizilombo tonse toyipa tomwe timatha kuukira mbatata yamtunduwu, ndiye kuti tichotsani zonse zowuma. Mwapang'onopang'ono, cellar iyenera kukhala yangwiro masiku 25-30 asanagone mbatata.
Apa zambiri zimatengera zomwe cellar imapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati makoma a cellar ali ndi njerwa, ndiye kuti iwo (ndi denga lake) liyenera kuyeretsedwa ndi yankho la mandimu (kukonzekera njirayi, muyenera kuchepetsa ma kilogalamu atatu a mandimu mu ndowa ndikuwonjezera 25-30 g yamkuwa sulfate). Pambuyo pakutsambika, cellar iyenera kukhala youma, chifukwa mawindo amatsegulidwa, komanso chitseko - ambiri, ndikofunikira kupanga kukonzekera, apo ayi cellar ikhozauma kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ngati m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba muli matabwa, komanso ngati ndi njerwa, koma ali ndi zigawo zamatabwa (mashelufu, mashelufu, ndi zina), ndikofunikira kuthira kutsitsi ndi njira yakuda ya potaziyamu permanganate, mkuwa wa sodium (vitriol ungatengedwe mpaka 100 g pa lita imodzi yamadzi). Wamaluwa amalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito msuzi wa fodya (pakukonzekera kwake mumangofunika fumbi 50-60 g la fumbi kapena shag yakale yamadzi okha). Kenako mawonekedwewa ayenera kuloledwa kulowetsedwa kwa tsiku limodzi, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi wodziguduza utoto pamwamba ndi pansi, sinthani mabokosi onse am matabwa, mashelufu, mabatani, ndi zina zambiri.
Ngati pali mashelufu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba chomwe chitha kuphulikitsidwa ndikuwonekera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuwachotsa pamimba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo muwonere momwe alili. Ngati zowola zamphamvu zayamba, ndibwino kusintha m'malo mwa zitsulo zamatabwa ndi zatsopano zokulirapo. Koma zatsopano zimayeneranso kuyeretsedwa.
Malingaliro apadera apansi pansi pa matope - tikupangira kuti muwadzaze ndi laimu fluff ndi makulidwe osaposa sentimita.
Yang'anirani makoma: awona mawanga achikhungu, njira yabwino ndikuwotcha ndi moto ndi moto. Onani paliponse palokha, makoswe amatha kulowa mkati ndikubisamo, ming'alu yonse iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi simenti ndikuphatikizira galasi losweka kuti tipewe mavuto, sibwino botolo, koma botolo. Popewa kuti makoswe asadutse, mpweya wonse uyenera kutsindikizidwa ndi maukonde achitsulo ndipo ndibwino kuti musawakakamize kumawaya, koma kuti muziwawiritsa bwino.
Nthawi zina, fumigation sichimapweteka. Njira yabwino ndikuphika ndi sulufufufufufufu, pali mitundu yambiri ya iwo, pali malangizo pakukhazikitsa, kunyamula potengera kuchuluka kwa cellar yanu.
Kuphatikiza pa kupukutira ndi cheke cha sulfure, muthanso kupukuta chipindacho ndi mandimu: choyamba muyenera kutseka mwamphamvu mipata yonse yotseguka, kenako kutsanulira mwachangu mu zidebe zingapo za madzi ndipo makamaka osati mu ufa, koma m'minyewa, kuwerengera ma kilogalamu angapo pa mamilimita khumi m'chipindacho. Kenako mandimu ayenera kukhala osamala komanso kuthira madzi pang'onopang'ono, kukhala m'magolovesi a labala, kupuma komanso magalasi, ndikusiya cellar posachedwa, kutseka chitseko mwamphamvu. Mwanjira imeneyi, cellar iyenera kuyimirira kwa masiku angapo, ndiye kuti itha kutsegula mpweya wabwino ndi chitseko ndikuchisiya kwa masiku awiri, mutatha kulowa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba mutha kupumira, kuwunika momwe zinthu ziliri ndikuchotsa kupumira.
Kusankha ndi kukonza mbatata za mbewu kuti zisungidwe.
Kusunga mbatata za mbewu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba
Kuti zisungidwe bwino za mbatata za mbewu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kumeneko kukhale kokhazikika komanso mkati mwa + 2 + 4 kutentha, usana ndi usiku. Kutentha kukayamba kutsika, kukhuthala komwe kumakhala mu mbatata za mbatata za mbewu kumayamba msanga kukhala shuga (ma tubers azikhala okoma), ngati kutentha kumatsika pang'onopang'ono, mbatata imazizira kwambiri. Kutentha kukadzuka, nthawi zina kungokhala ma degree angapo, mbatata zimayamba kukula kwambiri isanachitike ndipo zikumera zimaphukira mwina mukabzala, kapena mu shopu yokha. Zotsatira zake, zidzasinthidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera ku impso kugona.
Makina ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wabwino nawonso amakakamizika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba: mwaluso, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kutentha m'chipindacho, ndi zina zonse, popanda mpweya wabwino, pali chiopsezo cha kubzala kwa zinthu ndi kusasitsa kwake.
Kupitilira, chinyezi, malire ake ndi 70%, ngati chinyezi chochepa, ndiye kuti timizere tiyamba kupukuta, kufota, kutulutsa mphamvu chinyezi. Zitha kukweza chinyontho chambiri pobweretsa chipale chofewa, zidebe zamadzi mosungiramo, kutembenuzira mpweya wabwino patsiku lamatalala ndikusamalira pamlingo wa 80-85%.
Zosungira Mbeu Zosamba Mbatata
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu, zida zofunikira za mbatata ndizabwino kwambiri ndipo ndizosavuta kuyisunga m'mabokosi okhala ndi mbali zoyambira pansi. Izi zimathandizira kuti mpweya uzungulira mozungulira. Mabokosi sayenera kuyandikana wina ndi mnzake - mtunda uyenera kufanana ndi 12-15 cm, koma amatha kusunthidwa pafupi ndi zipinda zazing'ono.
Zinsinsi zazing'ono mukamazisunga mbatata zamatchire
Ngati mukuopa kuti pasanadutse zikumera, musawaze mbatata zambewu ndi wosanjikiza woposa 30 cm.
Kamodzi kapena kawiri nthawi yachisanu, yesani kupeza nthawi ndikulemba mbatata zonse, ndipo mukazindikira kuti mbatata zimakhala ndi ulusi kapena ulalo, ingotayani.
Ngati njirazi zikuwonekera pasadakhale, yesetsani kuti musathe, zitha kudulidwa ndi lumo kapena chodulira. Chifukwa chiyani? Diso lililonse la mbatata limakhala ndi masamba atatu, ngati tingaswe mphukira yoyamba, titha kupha masamba awiri pongowachotsa mu chisa. Zikuwonekeratu kuti kudulira koyamba kwa zophukira kumachepetsa zokolola kufikira gawo lachitatu, ndipo pawiri - mpaka theka, ndiye kuti palibe chabwino.
Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa zikumera zomwe zidawonekera nthawi isanakwane, gulani timbewu mu mankhwala ndi kutsanulira ochepa m'bokosi lililonse lokhala ndi zikumera. Ena amadzaza mabokosi owuma timbewu tambiri, koma ndinayesa - palibe kusiyana.
Sitingateteze mbatata za mbeu ku tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tonse tating'onoting'ono. Ndipo ngati zoterezi zikuwoneka, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kuwonjezera chowawa chowuma m'mabokosi - 100 magalamu pabokosi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba owuma kapena owuma. Kwa theka la matani a mbatata muyenera ma kilogalamu asanu a "udzu".
Kusungidwa kwa mbatata zambewu posakhalitsa cellar
Tigawa gawoli magawo awiri - iwo omwe amasunga mbatata za mbewu kunyumba ndi iwo omwe ali panthaka yanyumba yachilimwe.
Kusunga mbatata zanyumba kunyumba
Simungasunge mbatata zambiri pano, nthawi zambiri pamabokosi ambiri momwe khonde lotenthetsera lingasungire, momwe mungasinthire kutentha, monga tidalemba pamwambapa (+ 2 + 4 madigiri ndi chinyezi pafupifupi 80%).
Kusunga mbatata pamakumba patsambalo.
Kusungidwa kwa mbatata za mbewu pamalowa
Choyamba muyenera kusankha malo apamwamba kwambiri pamalopo, i.e. komwe madzi apansi pano sadzafikako. Kenako, muyenera kukumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 35 mpaka 40, makamaka ndi mbali zopendekeka. Kenako makoma ayenera kumakidwa ndi chilichonse chovunda. Izi zitha kukhala mitengo, udzu, zidutswa za mitengo, kakhola, mpaka pansi kuponyera udzu wouma kwambiri kapena, nthambi zabwino kwambiri.
Kenako, tubers mbewu za mbatata zimathiridwa mu dzenje, yokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofotokozedwa pamwambapa. Pamtunda paiwo panafika masentimita 40, kenako chinthu china ngati kanyumba kamitengo ndi nthambi zimapangidwa pamwamba pa dzenjelo. Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa kanyumba koteroko (pogona) kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku la dzenjelo momwe mbatata zimagonera, izi ndizofunikira kuti timatumba tidziyike kwathunthu.
Mpandawo, kapena kanyumba, komwe munthu angakonde kuitcha, ndikofunika kumuphimba ndi udzu wa masentimita makumi awiri, ndikuthira masentimita 15 a dothi losalaza, ndikufalikira pamizu. Malekezero, omwe amapangika munyumba yotere, amafunika kuti akakhomedwe ndi udzu ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi lotayirira, lophatikizidwa ndi fosholo.
Njira yosungirayi ndi yabwino chifukwa simukuyenera kunyamula mbatata zamtundu kulikonse, ndipo chopanda chidwi ndikuti mukafika ku nyumbayo, mutha kuwona tubers, kapena zowola pang'ono, kapena ... kusapezeka kwawo kwathunthu pamalowo.
Ndizo zonse zomwe tikufuna kukuwuzani pankhaniyi, ngati muli ndi mafunso chonde funsani.
