Kubzala nkhaka panthaka kumawonedwa ngati njira yowononga nthawi, popeza munthu aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe amafunika nkhaka kuti aziwombera komanso kukhala wokolola wabwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu ndi mitundu yankhokwe ya nkhaka, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri. Mitundu iyi imaphatikizapo: Madera gherkin, mitundu yosangalatsa, mwana wamwamuna wa gulu lankhondo, wowongolera, ndi nkhaka zina.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yotseguka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zungu zamtunduwu zimawoneka ngati masamba oyambilira, omwe amapezeka poyera. Zomwe zimapangidwira:
- Ali ndi timachubu tating'ono pamwamba, ndipo mawonekedwe ake enieni ndi osalala.
- Mtengo wanthawi yayitali umaperekedwa kwa mitundu iyi.
- Ali ndi mawonekedwe a silinda.
- Nkhaka zokhala ndi zamkati zonenepa, zomwe zimadziwika ndi shuga wambiri.
- Khungu limakhala losalala bwino komanso lamtambo wobiriwira wakuda.
Zambiri zofunikira zikuwonetsa kuti mitundu iyi yodzala malo osawoneka bwino ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mchere.
Mtunduwu ndiwokwera kukana kwa mafiriji achidule. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yopanga zipatso, wokhalamo chilimwe azitha kukolola kwa nthawi yayitali. Chikhalidwe ichi sichingabzalidwe kopanda zitsamba zopitilira 5 pa 1 sq.m.
Kubzala mbewu panthaka kumachitika osaposa masentimita 1.4-1.9 Komanso, mbewu iyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mu greenh m'nyumba zosapsa.
Mwana Mwana wa gulu
Nkhaka yamtunduwu ndi ya gulu la mini-gherkins. Chikhalidwe ichi chimatengedwa ngati mitundu yamkati yamkati. Kuchokera pakubzala mpaka popanga ovary, miyezi 1.4 ndiyofunikira. Izi nkhaka zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa maluwa, ndipo zimakhala ndi ofowoka nthambi. Ziphuphu zimasiyana:
- Kukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi pafupifupi 7-9cm.
- Masamba onyansa pansi ndi oyera.
- Kapangidwe kazipatso kameneka, pomwe pamakhalapo nthawi zina pamakhala matalala.
Zungu zamtunduwu sizingathe kukhala zachikasu kapena kutuluka, zomwe zimawasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe zina. Izi zamasamba kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ku matenda otsatirawa, ngati nkhanambo, powdery mildew, virus virus. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi kulawa bwino kwambiri, komanso zimasiyana mu nthawi ya zipatso. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi cholinga chapadziko lonse.
Zosiyanasiyana Gherkin Madame
Uku ndikuwona kwabwino kubzala poyera. Mitundu ya nyengo ya Mid, ikubweretsa mbewu yoyamba m'miyezi 1.4 mutabzala. Wosakanizidwa amatha kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo. Chikhalidwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mwayi wazomwe akazi amitundu mitundu ya inflorescence. Thumba losunga mazira zipatso lili ndi malo ambiri. Gululi lili ndi zipatso za 4-7. Kusiyana kwa mtundu uwu:
Pamwamba nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma tubercles omwe amasiyanasiyana mulifupi mwake.- Nkhaka zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a silinda.
- Kulemera kwa masamba amodzi kumakhala pafupifupi 60-90 gr.
- Masamba onyansa pansi ndi oyera.
- Zipatso ndi zakuda bii kupyola mizere yoyera.
- Kukula kwa chipatso kuli pafupifupi 11-14 cm.
- Peel yofewa komanso yopyapyala imapatsa nkhaka phindu lalikulu.
Pamwamba nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma tubercles omwe amasiyanasiyana mulifupi mwake.Zipatso za mtunduwu sizitha kutembenukira chikaso kapena kutuluka, komanso zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono. Chosakanizidwa choterechi chimawonedwa kuti ndi chofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chimakhala ndi kukana kwambiri ndi matenda otsatirawa, monga powdery mildew ndipo kuvunda kwa mizu.
Tchire izi zimapanga zipatso kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke. Gwiritsani ntchito nkhaka izi kukhala zatsopano kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito posungira. Kuti chitsamba chikhalepo, uzitsine ukufunika pamwamba pa pepala lachitatu.
Kalasi Alligator
Mtundu wa mbewu zamundawu ndi wabwino kubzala panthaka, ndi mtundu wopukutidwa ndi njuchi, womwe umadziwika ndi zipatso zazitali. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsegulira nyumba komanso malo obiriwira.
Tchire izi zimadziwika ndi kutalika kwakukulu komanso mphamvu zochulukirapo. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso ma tubercles otchulidwa. Zambiri Zamakalasi:
- Kukula kwa zipatso ndi pafupifupi 31-45 cm.
- Itha kudyedwa yatsopano komanso yosunga.
- Kuwala kwapamwamba, kupezeka kwa zikopa zofewa komanso zopyapyala.
- The wosakanizidwa amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kukaniza matenda monga powdery hlobo.
- Mkati mwa chipatso mumakhala kankhuni kosangalatsa komanso fungo labwino.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi Epulo ndi Ecebi
Nthawi zambiri, nzika za chilimwe zimalangiza mitundu iyi kuti ibzale poyera. Tchire la April limadziwika kuti ndi mtundu woyamba. Kubala kumachitika patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Chikhalidwe ichi chitha kupezeka paliponse komanso kunyumba. Zipatsozo ndizacylindrical komanso zazikulu kukula. Kukula kwawo ndi 22-25 cm, ndi kulemera - 220-260 gr.
Matango a Epulo samakhala ndi kuwawa, komanso safunikira kwambiri chisamaliro, izi zimapangitsa kugwira ntchito m'nthaka zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaka zamtunduwu ndizosagwirizana ndi chisanu, zomwe zimalola kubzala kumapeto kwa Marichi. Komanso, nyumbayi imapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza zokolola zabwino kwambiri.
Zipatso za Parthenocarpic zamitundu ya Ecebi Amaganizira kuti njuchi njovundazomwe zimafunikira kutuluka poyera. Ichi nkhaka chapadziko lonse lapansi chimakupatsani mwayi woti muzidya mwatsopano kapena zamzitini. Mabasi ali ndi mitundu yosakanikirana ya inflorescence, ndipo amasiyana:
- Zipatso za mitundu iyi ndizifupi. Kukula kwawo kuli pafupifupi 7.5-8.5 cm.
- Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa nthambi.
- Mtunduwu umagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda monga powdery hlobo.
- Maonekedwe a nkhaka ndiyitali komanso ovoid. Zipatso zimakhala ndi tuberosity wotsika.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Corina
Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yobzalira panthaka. Mbewuyi imadziwika kuti ndi yopanda nzeru. Mitundu ya Parthenocarpic imakhala yabwino. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba zosungiramo mitengo, komanso malo ena. Mabasi a gulu la sing'anga. Zambiri Zamakalasi:
- Chomera sichingagonjetse matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Ziphuphu zimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa ma tubercles ang'ono ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda.
- Zipatso - gherkins, amafika kukula kwa 9-21 cm.
- Kuguba kwa chipatso sikuli kowawa konse ndipo kumadziwika ndi kupindika kwambiri. Ziphuphu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisungidwe ndi kukoka.
- Masamba ake amakhala oyera.
Kubzala panthaka ya mbewuyi kumachitika koyambirira kwa June. Palibe zitsamba zopitilira 3 zobzalidwa pa mita imodzi. Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 1.4. Mtunduwu ndiosavuta kusamalira, womwe umangokhala mu kuthirira ndi nthawi nyambo (zimachitika kamodzi sabata iliyonse).
Zosiyanasiyana Connie
Ngati mukubzala nkhaka zazing'ono zofunika, ndiye kuti njira zabwino kwambiri zimakhala mitundu Nezhensky ndi Connie. Zosiyanasiyana za Nezhensky zimawerengedwa ngati zabwino kwambiri mchere. Nkhaka za parthenocarpiczi zimatha kudalidwa ponseponse komanso malo obisika.
Mtunduwu ndi wa gulu la nkhaka zam'kati mwa nyengo, yodziwika ndi kukaniza kosagwirizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kuzindikira. Mitundu iyi imapangidwa ndi kupukutidwa ndi njuchi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyika kuziyika pansi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana:
- Kuluka kwambiri.
- Kukula kwa chipatso kuli pafupifupi 11-13 cm, ndipo kulemera kwawo kuli pafupifupi 85-120 g.
- Pa zipatsozo pamakhala ma tubercles akuluakulu, omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri.
- Chomerachi chimakhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono, zodziwika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a ovoid.
Kubzala mbewu yamasamba panthaka kumachitika koyambirira kwa June. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika ndi kachulukidwe ka tchire atatu pa mita. Mbewu zimalowetsedwa munthaka osaposa masentimita 1.7-2.5. Mitundu ya Connie ndi parthenocarpic yoyambirira kucha. Maganizo awa ndiosiyana:
- Zomera zoyambirira za mbewuyi zimatha kukolola kale mwezi ndi theka pambuyo pakupanga mbande. Ovaries amapezeka ndimtundu wachitsamba ichi.
- Zabwino kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kokwezeka kochepa.
- Kukula kwa chipatso kuli pafupifupi 8-10 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 70-90g.
- Ziphuphu ndizocheperako pang'ono komanso cylindrical mawonekedwe.
- Zipatso za nkhaka zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mnofu wowuma, wodziwika ndi kusapezeka kwa kuwawa komanso kupatsa chidwi kwambiri.
- Zipatso zimalephera kusefukira, komanso ma spikes paliponse loyera.
Mitundu yonse yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi ma parthenocarpic oyambirira hybrids ndiabwino pakufika poyera. Tsopano pali mitundu yayikulu ya nkhaka, koma zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zimadziwika kuti ndizotchuka kwambiri ndi ambiri okhala pachilimwe. Kusankha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumadalira mwachindunji zomwe mbewu ya chilimwe ikufunika kukhala nayo mtsogolo.
Kusamalira ndi kuthirira nkhaka
Mitundu yamitundu iliyonse yamkaka imafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi, nyambo ndi hilling, izi zimayambitsa kuwoneka kwa mizu yowonjezera. Monga lamulo, mitundu ya dothi imakhomedwa pamwamba pa pepala la 4 kuti lizitha kuyambitsa mawonekedwe a ofananira nawo. Mu nkhaka zobiriwira, nthambi zouziridwa nthawi ndi nthawi zimakhomedwa pamtundu woyamba. Kuthandizira chisamaliro ndikusintha madzi ndi kutentha kwa malo, ndikofunikira kuti mulch mizere yamakango nthawi ndi nthawi.
Muyenera kuchotsa zipatso zowonjezera zomwe idafika masentimita 6-8kotero kuti pachitsamba chimodzi mulibe nkhaka zoposa 11-17.
Chikhalidwe chamtunduwu chimakonda chinyezi chambiri, chifukwa mumatha kuwaza nkhaka, koma muyenera kuziwonjezera pankhaniyi komanso chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana oyamba ndi fungus. Panthawi yolima nkhaka m'malo obisalamo, mpweya wabwino umafunika.
Kuti achulukitse kupukutira ndi kukolola bwino, pollinator tizirombo tiyenera kukopeka chiwembu, chifukwa, atayamba maluwa, zitsamba zitha kuthiridwa ndi shuga shuga magalamu 150 lita imodzi yamadzi ofunda. Komanso pafupi nanu mutha kukhazikitsa zotengera za uchi (1 tsp 1 chikho cha madzi). Pofuna kuti tisamayike tizirombo poyambitsa maluwa osagwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi mankhwala.
Izi Zomera zimakonda chinyezi. Ndi kuthirira kosakwanira, masamba pa tchire amayamba kuda, kukhala chochepa. Ndi chinyezi chambiri, amasintha mtundu. Ziphuphu zimafunikira kuthirira makamaka pakupanga zipatso zazikulu.
Palibenso chifukwa chothamangira ndi kuthirira mbande, mu nkhani iyi mbande imakhala ndi mizu yabwino, yaying'ono yokhala ndi tsinde komanso yolimba kwambiri. Kutsirira kumachitika munthawi yake ndi kuyanika dothi.
Mutha kulima nkhaka zoyambirira m'minda yosungiramo mitengo komanso malo obiriwira, koma pali njira yomwe nzika zambiri za chilimwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mukabzala mbuto zosungirako kwakanthawi (zopangidwa ndi polyethylene kapena zinthu zina zapadera), zimachotsedwa pambuyo poti kuopseza kwa zipatso za m'mawa kumatha, pakutha kutentha.
Kwa alimi omwe amabwera kudzikoli pofika kumapeto kwa sabata, ndikofunika kusankha malo okhala, kudzera mmenemo mbewu zimapumira, komanso sizifunikira kuthandizidwa. Kuti muchepetse kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, zophatikiza kutentha zimatha kuyikika, zimatha kukhala biringanya pulasitiki ndi madzi, kuyikamo wowonjezera kutentha. Masana, madzi am'madzi am'madzi amatentha, ndipo usiku amachotsa kutentha, komwe kumakomera mphukira zazing'ono.
