Ngakhale zakumwera kwa apurikoti (Central Asia, China, Iran, Transcaucasia, kenako Greece, Italy), mtengowu uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kosagwa chisanu, chifukwa umamera pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri, pomwe adasinthira chisanu komanso chilala. Chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1700, mitengo ingapo ya ma apricot ochokera ku Europe idapita nawo ku munda wamzinda wa Izmailovsky, komwe adaubzala. Ndipo patatha zaka makumi angapo, ma apricot amatha kupezeka m'minda yaana ambiri, komanso m'minda yamonase ya Moscow. Ndikunenedwa kuti apricot ili bwino ndikulimbana ndi chisanu. Ndi pokhapokha nthawi yozizira yowuma zinthu sizofunika.
Mtengo wa apricot.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti nyengo yozizira ya apurikoti imasokonezedwa ndi zinthu zosavomerezeka nyengo yachisanu monga thaws ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha. Maluwa amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi zinthu izi, chifukwa thaws zimayambitsa chitukuko, kenako zipatso zomwe zimadza pambuyo pake zimawawononga kapena kuwononga mbewu zam'tsogolo. Chifukwa chake, kufa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwamaluwa kumachitika nthawi yachisanu, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zosakhwimitsa zipatso za ma apricots.
Zomera zazing'ono zimachita mantha makamaka ndi chisanu mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwamphamvu komanso kutalika ndipo alibe nthawi yokonzekera yozizira lisanayambe chisanu. Zotsatira zake, mphukira zomwe sizinayende bwino zimayimitsidwa. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nyengo yozizira ya apurikoti ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yochepa, pomwe mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yopeza zinthu zofunika zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira nthawi yozizira. Zowoneka zachilengedwe za kukula kwa ma apricots zimatiuza za kufunika kwa malo omwe ali pakati.
Kusankha malo apricot
Malo obzala apurikoti sayenera kukhala otsika (pomwe mpweya wozizira umayenda), koma onetsetsani kuti mwawotha, dzuwa ndi lotsekedwa ku mphepo yozizira (kumpoto ndi kummawa). Wamaluwa samalangiza kubzala ma apricots ku malo akum'mwera mwina, chifukwa mitengo yam'mapiri m'mbuyomu imayamba kupanga zipatso kuti iwononge nyengo yawo yozizira, ndipo maluwa amatha kuphatikizana ndi yotsalira masika frost. Komabe, olima ena amalimbikitsa kubzala ma apricots kum'mwera kwa nyumba, mipanda kapena zishango zopangidwa mwapadera kuti ziwonetsere bwino kuwala kwa dzuwa pamitengo (i., Kuchita china ngati chishango chotentha).
Malinga ndi alimi odziwa ntchito zam'munda, njira izi zidzawunikira Mitengo ndikuziteteza ku mphepo yozizira. Ndipo chinthu chimodzi: dothi lomwe limabzala mitengo ya apurikoti liyenera kukhala ndi kupuma kwabwino, chifukwa mizu ya mbewu imafunikira kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino nthawi yonse yobzala. Ngakhale kusefukira kwamadzi kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kusefukira kwamphamvu kwa dothi kumakhala kosavomerezeka, chifukwa chake chomera chimafa. Kuphatikizidwa koyenera kwa nthaka kuyenera kusankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, gawo limodzi la peat ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga zimawonjezeredwa ndi dongo kumbali imodzi yake. Pa dothi limodzi lamchenga lopanda chinyontho, mitengo ya ma apricot imawotchedwa nthawi ya chilimwe ndikumakalamba msanga. Pa chernozem yopanda madzi, pambuyo pake amabala zipatso ndikupanga zokolola zochepa.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa bwino amadziwa kuti ngati mapeyala akale, thundu, mapulo, phulusa ndi mitengo ina yokhala ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri ikamera pamalowo kapena pafupi, ndiye ichi ndi chitsimikizo kuti ma apricots adzazika mizu pano. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mitengo molingana ndi 6 x 4 m metre (i.e. 6 m yatsala pakati pa mizere ndi 4 motsatira). Sandy, loamy, dothi lophwetseka losakhazikika komanso pang'ono acidic pH 6-7 ndilabwino kwambiri kwa ma apricot. M'nthaka, yosauka mu humus, onetsetsani kuti muwonjezera manyowa owola mu malo osachepera 3 makilogalamu pa lalikulu lalikulu. mita Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera zomwe zili m'nthaka. Pa dothi labwino, mwachitsanzo, feteleza wambiri wa phosphorous amafunikira (osachepera 100-120 g pa 1 sq. M). Kubzala apricot ndibwino kumapeto kwa mvula. Mbande zimayikidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa, yokumbidwa (mpaka masentimita 45) munthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Kubzala maenje 60-70 cm mwakuya kumapangidwa musanabzike, kuyambitsa 8-10 makilogalamu a humus ndi mpaka 1 kg ya superphosphate.
Mtengo wa apricot wachichepere, kalasi "Murpark".
Kukonzekeretsa mitengo ya maapulo nthawi yozizira
Ndi nthawi yayitali komanso yotentha yophukira, mitengo ya ma apricot imawonetsa kukula kwa mphukira. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale ndi nyengo yofatsa, pamakhala ngozi ya kuzizira kwa mphukira zosapsa bwino, maluwa, ndi nkhuni. Kuti mupewe izi, alimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuyambira mu Ogasiti kuthirira mitengo ndi phulusa, zomwe zingathandize kuimitsa kukula kwa mphukira komanso kusasitsa msanga. Nthawi zambiri zidebe za 5 mpaka 10 za phulusa zimathandiza ma apricots kuti akwaniritse chilimwe chathu komanso kuti amalize kukonza kukonzekera nyengo yozizira ndi masamba a masamba. Pansi pamitengo yaying'ono, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni, makamaka theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Monga tanena kale, mitengo yaying'ono ya ma apricot imafunika chisamaliro chapadera: siyolimba kuposa achikulire. Komabe, "okalamba" amayenera kusamalidwa bwino, makamaka mu Meyi-Juni, kuti apange tsamba lamphamvu, labwinobwino posachedwapa.
Kenako zokolola zabwino zitha kuyembekezeredwa, ndipo mitengoyo idzakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera nyengo yachisanu ndikupirira chisanu. Mwa mitengo yonse yazipatso, ma apricots, monga maluwa, nthawi zambiri komanso mwamphamvu amavutika kwambiri ndi masika a masika. Njira yabwino yotetezera maluwa ndi kuphimba nduwira za mitengo ndi agrofabric m'magawo awiri kapena ndi nsalu ina yonse nyengo yonse ya maluwa. Pansi pa zovala zotere, maluwa saopa chisanu mpaka mphindi 4 ° ะก. M'makona, chophimba chimamangirizidwa ndi nthambi, koma kuti tizilombo toyambitsa mungu tizitha kuyendera mitengo ya maluwa momasuka.
Zipatso za apricot panthambi, kalasi "Muscat".
Mitundu ya apricot ya Mzere wapakati
Choyamba, chizitchedwa "Triumph North" osiyanasiyana. Izi zosiyanasiyana amaziwona ambiri wamaluwa. Apricot "Triumph North" ndi mtengo wokwera bwino wokhala ndi korona yayitali. Sichiyenera kugwidwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda osiyanasiyana. Chimamveka bwino pafupifupi nyengo ina iliyonse, kuphatikizapo kuzizira kwambiri. Ngakhale impso zake siziopa kutentha kochepa, chifukwa chake apurikoti amadziwika ndi khola lokhazikika. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti "Mgonjetso wa Kumpoto" amatanthauza zomera zodzipukusa zokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zingabzalidwe zokhazokha, osadandaula za kupukutidwa kwa mtanda. Ayamba kubala zipatso ali ndi zaka pafupifupi zitatu. Mtengo wachikulire umatha kubala zipatso zoposa 60 kg. Apricots ndi akulu, odzaza komanso okoma. Nthawi yawo yakucha imasiyana kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti. Kugula mtengo wa apricot "Triumph North" lero si kovuta, chifukwa mutha kuyitanitsa mmera m'masitolo ambiri opezeka pa intaneti.
Mwa mitundu ina ya apricot "Moscow", zotsatirazi zingalimbikitsidwe: Iceberg, Alyosha, Aquarius, Countess, Lel, Monastic, Favorit, Tsarsky. Adapezeka chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri mu Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Science ndi kusinthidwa ndi mikhalidwe ya msewu wapakati.
Apurikoti osiyanasiyana Iceberg - mtengo mpaka 3 m kutalika ndi korona kufalikira. Ndi maluwa ambiri, pang'ono amangidwa. Zipatso zolemera 20-25 g, kuzungulira, pubescent, lalanje-lalanje pang'ono blush, chokoma, wosakhwima, yowutsa mudyo. Fupa limalekanitsidwa bwino. Kucha zipatso kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Alyosha - mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi korona wakufalikira wa mamita 4 kutalika. Maluwa ndi akulu. Zipatso za apricot zolemera 15-20 g ndizazungulira, zachikaso chowala ndi blush, chokoma, pubescence ndizochepa, kotero zipatso zake ndizabwino. Kucha zipatso ndiko koyambirira: kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Apurikoti osiyanasiyana Aquarius - mmera kuchokera kwaLear kulima wopezeka mwaulere. Mtengo wamtali (4-5m) wokula mwamphamvu kwambiri. Zopatsa zipatso kwambiri. Zipatso zake ndizowonda, zolemera 25-30 g. Zipatsozo siziri zonyezimira ngati za mtundu wa Lel, wachikasu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Kununkhirako ndikokoma ndi wowawasa, koma kumagwirizana. Fupa limalekanitsidwa bwino bwino. Zipatso zimacha mchaka cha 2 cha Ogasiti, sizisungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Chiwerewere - wamtali, mpaka 6 m, wamtali kwambiri. Zipatso ndizazungulira kapena zowonda, kulemera kwa 25-30 g. Thupi ndi lalanje owala, cartilaginous, yowutsa mudyo, okoma. Kucha zipatso za apricot mkati mwa Ogasiti.
Apurikoti osiyanasiyana Lel - mtengo wokhala ndi korona wopindika komanso kukula kwamphamvu mpaka mamita 3. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazifupi, kulemera 15-20 g, wokongola, golide-lalanje, osowa ndi kufinya. Kupindika kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, motero zipatso zake ndizabwino. Kukomako ndikokoma ndi wowawasa, koyanjana, kosangalatsa kwambiri, fupa limasiyanitsidwa bwino. Kucha kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.
Apurikoti osiyanasiyana Zonona - mtengo wamtali wamtali wamtali mpaka 5 m wokhala ndi korona wofalikira. Zipatso Zambiri. Zipatso zolemera 25-30 g, chowulungika, pubescent, chikasu ndi blush yofiyira. Fupa limalekanitsidwa bwino. Zipatso zimacha pakati theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti.
Makonda - mtengo wamtali wautali, mpaka 3 m kukwera, kukula kwapakati. Zipatso za Favorite zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zazikulu, zopanda mawonekedwe pang'ono, zolemera mpaka g. Zipatso zake ndizokongola kwambiri zachikasu ndi lalitali kwambiri, pubescence ndi yaying'ono, motero zipatso zake ndizabwino. Zipatso ndizokoma kwambiri komanso zamtundu, chifukwa fupa ndi laling'ono. Fupa limalekanitsidwa bwino bwino. Zipatso zimacha pakati theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti.
Apurikoti osiyanasiyana Royal - mtengo wamtali wautali, mpaka 3 m wamtali. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri - mpaka 4 cm. Zipatso zolemera 20-25 g, chowulungika, chikasu chokongola ndi blush. Mwapadera chokoma, kwambiri yowutsa mudyo, ndi fungo lokhazikika. Kucha kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.
Kutulutsa mitengo ya apricot.
Pomaliza, tikupereka mwachidule
Ndikothekanso kulima ma apricots mu ziweto zapakatikati, zokhazo ziyenera kuonedwa, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mbewu zomwe tidatchulazi:
- sankhani malo oyenera kubzala, kusamalira microclimate yabwino kwambiri ya ma apricots;
- sankhani nthawi yoyenera kubzala (yabwino kwambiri kasupe) m'nthaka yopangidwa mwaluso, kutsatira malamulo onse ovomerezeka pobzala mitengo;
- Sungani malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi ndikuganizira za padera losamalira ma apricots,
osayiwala:
- za kuthirira mitengo koyenera, kuyimitsa pofika kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti;
- kusonkhanitsa masamba agwa pansi pa atsikana pakugwa ndi kuwotcha kwawo kuti athetse tizirombo;
- mu Okutobala-Novembro, mitengo ya ma apricot yoyera, motero imawateteza kuti asawotchedwe dzuwa koyambirira koyambira komanso kuyambira kuyambika kwa njira zoyambira zam'magazi m'nthambi zawo ndi masamba;
- za kudulira mitengo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, makamaka ngati sikunachitike mu nthawi yophukira;
- pa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza: nayitrogeni - koyambirira kwa masika, phosphorous - m'chilimwe.
