Fenceia

Chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri cha Fenceia (Freesia), chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Fenceia, chimalimidwa m'mundamo ndi kunyumba. Mitundu iyi imayimiridwa ndi mibadwo yamadzi yamabanja abwinobwino a banja la iris. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 20 ya nyama. Freesia wotchuka kwambiri wosakanizidwa, womwe umadulidwa pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo podutsa mitundu ingapo. Maluwa oterewa amabwera ku South Africa, pomwe akukonda kumera pakati pa zitsamba ndi m'mphepete mwa chonyowa. Chomera chidatchedwa Dokotala waku Germany komanso katswiri wazomera wa ku Germany, Fr Frzeze. Ichi ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri, chokongola komanso chosakhwima, chomwe chili ndi fungo labwino ngati fungo la maluwa a m'chigwacho, motero freesia amatchedwanso "kakombo wa Cape wa m'chigwachi." Pakadali pano, duwa lotere limadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ngati mbewu yodulidwa.

Mawonekedwe a Freesia

Kodi mawonekedwe a freesia ndi ati:

• duwa lokhazikika lotere limatha kukongoletsa maluwa, ndilotchuka kwambiri pakati pa akwatibwi;
• kwa nthawi yayitali sataya mtima ndipo satha;
• ntchito popanga mafuta onunkhira;
• otchuka kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri opanga maonekedwe;
• amatha azikongoletsa dimba lililonse kapena wowonjezera kutentha, komanso pawindo;
• mitundu, yopaka utoto wofiirira, imasiyana ndi mitundu ina pakukula msanga.

Chitsamba chosakanizidwa chimatha kutalika masentimita 100, tsinde lomwe lili ndi nthambi zambiri, ndilopanda banga, loonda lofiirira lomwe limaphimba corm. Kutalika kwa masentimita owonda pang'ono okhala ndi mtsempha wamba kungasiyanitse masentimita 15 mpaka 20, ndipo m'lifupi kuchokera 10 mpaka 15 mamilimita. Zofooka za mbali imodzi zokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira, kutalika kwake kumayambira 30 mpaka 50 mm. Maluwa amatha kujambulidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo: wofiyira, wabuluu, wachikasu, wapinki, oyera, lalanje, wofiirira, zonona, ndi zina zambiri. Zipatsozo ndi bokosi.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya freesia yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Wodziwika kwambiri pakati pamaluwa ndi freesia hybrid (Freesia hybrida). Idapangidwa chifukwa chodutsa Armstrong freesia (Freesia armstrongii) ndi freesia chosinthika kapena chosweka (Freesia Refracta). Chifukwa cha mitundu iyi, mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana idabadwa.

Fenceia Armstrong (Freesia armstrongii)

Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kusiyana ndi 0,65 mpaka 0,7 m.Pamwala wooneka ngati utoto wokhala ndi maluwa atatu onunkhira a pinki, ofiira kapena ofiira. Pali mawanga achikasu pamwamba pa chubu choyera. Masamba azitali okhala ndi mawonekedwe a xiphoid. Maluwa amawonedwa mu Meyi-June.

Mitundu yokongola kwambiri yamtunduwu ndi Cardinal. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0,7 m, maluwa osakhala pawiri amakhala utoto wofiira. Kuchokera pa bulb imodzi 3 peduncles imakula, mpaka kutalika kwa 0,35 m, inflorescences zooneka ngati panicle zimakhala ndi maluwa 9-11, kutalika kwa inflorescence kuli pafupifupi masentimita 9. Maluwa ofiira akuda amakhala ndi kachikasu, pestle ndi buluu, stamens ndi achikaso, ndipo ma anther ndi a papo.

Wosakanizidwa freesia (Freeia hybrida)

Mwanjira iyi, mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amtundu wa makolo amaphatikizidwa. Chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zambiri chili ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 100. Kuphatikizika kwa mtundu wa inflemose inflorescence kumaphatikizapo maluwa akuluakulu (awiri kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 7 sentimita) maluwa onunkhira omwe amatha kujambulidwa mu rasipiberi, utoto, chikasu kapena mitundu ina. Maluwa ndi monophonic komanso toni ziwiri. Zosiyanasiyana:

1. Ballerina. Maluwa oyera ali ndi maziko achikasu achikasu, ma petals awo amakhala. Pamaso pa pharynx yoyera pali mzere wachikaso. Mapangidwe a inflorescence atha kuphatikiza maluwa pafupifupi 12 okhala ndi kukula kwa 55x65 mm. Kutalika kwa Peduncle kumatha kusiyana kuchokera pa 0.25 mpaka 0.3 m. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo labwino.
2. Rose Marie. Kutalika kwa miyendo ya pafupi ndi 20-25 sentimita. Kapangidwe ka inflorescence sikuphatikizapo maluwa osaposa 7 ndi kukula kwa 45x45 mm. Mtundu wawo ndi rasipiberi wambiri, pansi pa duwa ndi loyera ndi chiwopsezo cha rasipiberi.
3. Pimperina. Zitsamba zazitali kutalika zimatha kufika 15 mpaka 20 sentimita. Ma inflorescence sangaphatikizepo maluwa osapitirira 7 kukula 60x55 mm kukula. Ma petals ofiira, okhala ndi mawonekedwe pang'ono amakhala ndi malire ofiira. Gawo lam'munsi la petals ndilofiyira ndimaso achikasu. Fungo latha.

Freesia ndi yoyera, kapena chosinthika, kapena chosweka (Freesia Refracta)

Chomera chaching'ono motalika chotere sichitha kupitirira mamita 0.4. Mankhwala owoneka ngati maluwa owoneka ngati spice okhala ndi maluwa 2-5 oyera kapena achikasu a lalanje. Maluwa amawonedwa mu Epulo. Zosiyanasiyana:

1. Fenceia alba (Freesia Refracta var. Alba). Maluwa akuluakulu oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa amakhala ndi phala wachikasu wokhala ndi timitengo tofiirira.
2. Zonunkhira za Fenceia (Freesia Refracta odorata). Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu a 3-7 okhala ndi kachidutswa ka lalanje m'munsi. Imakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika la chigwa.

Mitundu itatu yonse yomwe ili pamwambayi ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa osavuta komanso awiri. Maluwa osavuta ali ndi mzere umodzi wapa, pomwe maluwa a terry ali ndi 2 kapena kupitilira. Mu sitolo yapadera mutha kugula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya freesia kapena osakaniza, chifukwa mudzatha kukongoletsa munda wanu ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri a freesia okhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu.

Zinthu zikukula

Kuti apange nyengo yabwino kwambiri ya freesia, iyenera kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, komabe njirayi ndiyabwino kwa akatswiri kapena akatswiri alimi. Chomera choterocho, ngati kuli kotheka, chitha kulimidwa chaka chonse. Komabe, pakatikati patali sichitha kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu m'nthaka, chifukwa chake, kugwa, ma corm amakumbidwa. Maluwa otere amatha kubzala kunyumba, pomwe freesia wamkati amayamba kutulutsa nthawi yozizira. Pali malamulo oyendetsera kukula kwa mitundu yonse ya mbewu iyi:

1. Duwa loterolo limakonda kuwala, pomwe maola ofunika masana amakhala ndi maola 12-14. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti sililekerera dzuwa mwachindunji, chifukwa chake penumbra yaying'ono ndiyofunika kusankha chifukwa chobzala.
2. Zomera ziyenera kutetezedwa ku zokongoletsa.
3. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndikuthira madzi bwino. Kusakaniza kwabwino kwambiri kwa ulimiwu ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi komwe kumakhala masamba, sod ndi humus, komanso peat, yomwe imatengedwa pamtundu wa 1: 1: 1: 1. Zabwino ngati acidity ndi yotsika.
4. Ngati mitundu yakeyo ndi yaying'ono-yaying'ono komanso yopapatiza, ndiye kuti imabzalidwe moyenera, pomwe ina, yomwe imafalikira, yofaliridwa imadzalidwa mwaulere.
5. Pofuna kukwaniritsa maluwa ambiri, kutentha kuyenera kuyendetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, mpaka mbewuyo itaphuka, siyenera kupitirira 22 degrees.
6. Kudula maluwa kumatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati maluwa awiri okha ali pachimake mu inflorescence. Maluwa omwe ayamba kumera ayenera kudulidwa munthawi yake, apo ayi amatenga michere kwa omwe sanatsegule.
7. Ma tchire ena ali ndi zimayambira zopanda mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya freesia yosweka), chifukwa chake amafunikira thandizo.
8. Maluwa amafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. Komabe, popopera mbewu mankhwalawa tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chinyezi sichiyenera kukhala pamaluwa kapena masamba. Ndikwabwino kupopera pa maola 17-18.
9. Ngati nyengo ili yozizira kwambiri kapena yotentha, ndiye chifukwa cha izi maluwa amayamba kupindika ndipo masamba ambiri opanda kanthu amakula.

Kulima kwa kunja kwa freesia

Musanadzalemo mababu panthaka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukukula. Kuti muchite izi, mu Marichi kapena Epulo, chotsani mamba pamatomowo, kenako zimayikidwa kwa mphindi 30 mu njira yothetsera maziko a motheoazole (0.2%), omwe amathandiza kupewa matenda a fungus. Pambuyo pake, iwo amabzala m'nthaka yopanda thanzi m'mapoto a peat, akuya ndi 50 mm. Kenako amasamutsidwira ku chipika chofunda kapena pawindo lokhala ndi zowunikira zabwino, pomwe mababu amadzuka asanabzalidwe m'nthaka. Olima odziwa zamaluwa nthawi zina amatengera kufalikira kwa mbewu imeneyi, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njira yotereyi ndi yotopetsa komanso yosagwira ntchito bwino. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala lonyowa, kenako mbewu ndikuyika mosamala pamtunda. Pamwamba pawo muyenera kuwaza ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi, lomwe makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala 20 mm. Kenako chimbacho chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu ndikuyika malo abwino. Pakatha milungu itatu, mbande zoyambirira ziyenera kuonekera. Pambuyo kutalika kwawo kukufika 20-30 mm, pogona pamayenera kuchotsedwa ndikufesedwa mbande. Tikuchera lotseguka nthaka ikuchitika mkati mwa Meyi.

Tikufika

Ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu yotseguka panthaka yopuma, nthawi yowopseza chisanu ikadutsa (pafupifupi Meyi 9). Kukula kwa mabowo kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti kuya kwakuya ndi 30-60 mm. Mtunda wa osachepera 30 mm uyenera kuyang'anidwa pakati pa anyezi yaying'ono, ndi pafupifupi 50 mm pakati pazokulira. Kutalikirana kwa mzere ndi pafupifupi 15 cm. Pamwamba pa malowo atakhazikika freesia adakulungidwa ndikukutidwa ndi mulch (peat kapena dothi louma), lomwe litha kuteteza kutenthetsa nthaka ndi mizu yamatchire. Mu Ogasiti, chitsamba chilichonse chimakhala ndi maulendo atatu, pomwe maluwa amatenga mpaka masiku oyamba a Okutobala.

Zosamalidwa

Nthawi yakula, freesia amafunikira mavalidwe apamwamba panthawi yake. Zomera zimadyetsedwa koyamba ngakhale atatha kumera; chifukwa cha izi, yankho la ammonium nitrate limagwiritsidwa ntchito (2 g ya mankhwala amatengedwa 1 litre yamadzi). Pambuyo pake, kamodzi pa masabata awiri, mbewu zimapatsidwa mchere wa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu (4 g ndi 2 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Komanso, mukakulitsa m'mundawo, muyenera kumasula nthawi zonse pamalowo ndikuchotsa udzu, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pazinthu izi m'magawo oyambilira a msimu wokula. Mukakulitsa freesia poyera, pamafunika boma linalake lamadzi. Munthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo ikaphuka, ndikofunikira kuti kuthirira kumakhala kambiri komanso mwadongosolo, pomwe dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Maluwa kumatenga masabata 3-6, pambuyo pake maluwa amayamba kuthilira nthawi yocheperako mpaka kutsiriza kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, mbewu zotere zimafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo masamba ndi mphukira. Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikulimbikitsidwa madzulo, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti madzi ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti adzilowe musanafike usiku. M'munda, freesia amakula chisanu chisanayambe.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Tizirombo ndi matenda a mbewu iyi ndi ofanana ndi a gladioli, omwe ndi: nsabwe za m'masamba, mavu, maulawu, komanso fusarium, nkhanambo ndi zowola zosiyanasiyana. Tchire loyambukiridwa liyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Ndipo kuti muwatetezere ku matendawa, ndikofunikira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ofooka njira ya potaziyamu permanganate musanawasungire. Yemweyo ndondomeko ziyenera kuchitika isanachitike ikamatera. Komanso, freesia itetezedwa ku matenda mwakuthilira moyenerera, kumbukirani kuti pakukula kwake ndikuyenda pansi sikuyenera kukhala kowuma, koma nthawi yomweyo kusuntha kwamadzi sikuyenera kuloledwa.

Freesia kunyumba

Tikufika

M'nyumba, freesia imalimidwa, monga lamulo, pokhapokha maluwa ake azizira ndi masika. Maluwa ake amawoneka abwino kwambiri mu nthawi yozizira yovuta iyi. Kuti chomera chikuyamba kuphuka mu Januware, chiyenera kubzalidwe isanayambike nthawi yophukira. Poyamba, anyezi ayenera kumizidwa mu njira ya azotobacterin kwa mphindi 30 (0,5 g wa mankhwala amatengedwa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi). Ngati angafune, ma corms amatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kukula (muzu kapena epin). Muyenera kutenga mphika womwe mainchesi ake amayenera kukhala mainchesi 15. Pansi pa thankiyo, muyenera kupanga ngalande zabwino, pamwamba pomwe makala amayalidwa, kenako osakaniza dothi, wopangidwa ndi turf ndi humus lapansi, komanso mchenga (2: 1: 1) umatsanuliramo. Musaiwale kusakaniza nthaka osakanikirana ndi feteleza wochepa wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Anyezi 5 kapena 6 amadzalidwa mumphika umodzi, pomwe amakwiriridwa ndi masentimita 5-6. Chidebe chimatsukidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino, momwe matenthedwe amlengalenga amayenera kukhala osiyanitsidwa ndi madigiri 10, pomwe kuthirira freesia sikuyenera kukhala. Masamba atatuluka, miphika ya freesia imayikidwanso m'malo otentha (kuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 22) ndikuyamba kuthirira.

Kusamalira m'nyumba

Kukula chomera chamtunduwu m'nyumba kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta kuposa kulima mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena panthaka. Komabe, poyambira, muyenera kuphunzira malamulo osavuta. M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, maola masana ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo maluwa oterowo amafunika kuwala osachepera maola 12 pa tsiku. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika miphika kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo, kapena mutha kupanga kuyambiranso magetsi ndi nyali za fluorescent. Tizikumbukiranso kuti zomerazo ndizomera osalimba ndipo zimatha kuvulazidwa ndi kulemera kwa maluwawo, chifukwa chake zimafunika kumangirizidwa mothandizidwa munthawi yake. Freesia iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pambuyo poti gawo lapansi lapamwamba lithe, madzi amvula agwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa. Chomera chikamaswa, chimafunika kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo komanso mochuluka. M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chotenthetsera nyumba, mpweya umawuma kwambiri, potere, musaiwale kupopera masamba ndi masamba a mbewu. Kupatula kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupipafupi, chomera chimatha kukonzedwanso m'malo otentha, mwachitsanzo, pa loggia yowala. Musaiwale kuthira feteleza ndi michere ya mineral 2 pa mwezi mpaka masamba a masamba atafa kale.

Fenceia pambuyo maluwa

Chipinda freesia

Pambuyo pa maluwa a freesia, ayenera kudula mphukira zonse ndi mbale za masamba. Corm amafunika kuthiriridwa kwa milungu inanso isanu ndi umodzi, pamenepo adzakhala ndi mababu atsopano. Kenako amakumbidwa, ndikuthira mankhwala osakanikirana ndi potaziyamu permanganate, yowuma masiku angapo, kuwayika m'malo otentha, ndikuchotsa kuti asungidwe.

Freesia m'munda

Maluwa atatha maluwa (kawirikawiri m'masiku omaliza a Seputembala kapena masiku oyamba a Okutobala), zitsamba zimayenera kukumbidwa ndipo izi ziyenera kuchitidwa masamba achikasu asanafike. Kuchokera pa corm, ndikofunikira kudula tsinde ndi masamba, kuchotsa nthaka, mizu ndi sikelo zakale kuchokera pamenepo. Kenako imamizidwa kwa theka la ola munjira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena fangayi ina (phytosporin, maximum kapena fundazole). Kenako imayanikidwa masiku angapo m'chipinda chotsegukira bwino kutentha kwa madigiri 25 mpaka 28. Kenako amatulutsa ma corms, ndipo muyenera kutaya omwe anayamba kuvunda kapena kukhala ndi mabala. Pambuyo pake, zimasungidwa.

Kusungidwa kwa Bulb ya Fenceia

Ziphuphu zimayenera kusungidwa mu maukonde ndikuyika mu chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu (kuchokera 70 mpaka 80 peresenti), momwe matenthedwe ayenera kukhala kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 degrees. Zikakhala kuti chinyontho m'chipindacho chotsika, ndiye kuti pansi pa ukonde pobzala, chidebe chodzadza ndi madzi chiyenera kuyikidwa. Kuwunika kwa ma corms kumayenera kuchitika nthawi imodzi m'masabata anayi, pomwe ziyenera kukanidwa, omwe ayamba kuvunda kapena kudwala ma corm. Masabata 4 tsiku lodzala lisanayambike, mababu amayenera kuchotsedwa pamalo ozizira (kuchokera madigiri 10 mpaka 15).

Pali wamaluwa omwe amasunga ma corm mu youma peat. Zikakhala kuti m'dera lanu nthawi yozizira imakhala yofatsa kwambiri osati yozizira, ndiye kuti simungathe kukumba mababuwo, koma ingofundani ndi nthambi za masamba kapena masamba owuma.