Maso mokongola pazenera siziyang'ana maluwa. Kusamalira mbewu si ntchito yophweka, kumafuna nthawi komanso khama. Koma palibe zovuta zomwe zitha kulepheretsa wamaluwa kubzala mbewu zokwera mdera lawo.
Mitundu yotchuka ya maluwa okwera
Musanagule zinthu zodzala duwa ili, muyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha mitundu yake. Kutengera ndi mitundu, chisamaliro ndi kubzala kwa mitengo yotumphuka kumasiyana. Mitundu ina imakhala yotayirira dothi, kuthirira ndi feteleza. Ndi njira inayo pozungulira.
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri yam maluwa okwerera maluwa:
- "Mafelemu" - mtundu womwe umalolera kuzizira;
- "Dortmund" - kukula kwa chitsamba kumafikira mita ziwiri, limamasula ndi maluwa ofiira owoneka bwino pamtambo wamdima wobiriwira;
- "Heidelberg" - osagonjetsedwa ndi dzinja komanso wosadzichiritsa, limamasula m'maluwa akulu ofiira;
- "Dawn Yatsopano" - kutalika kwa chitsamba kungakhale mamita asanu ndi limodzi. Mtundu wa masamba ndi pinki wopepuka, osagwira matenda;
- "Kukwera Mgodi" - limamasula pinki mwezi watha masika, kutalika kwa chitsamba kumatha kufikira mamita anayi;
- "Dorothy Perkins" - masamba oterewa si akulu (mpaka mainchesi atatu), mbewuyo imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino.
Kodi kukwera dengalo kubzalidwa liti, nanga kukonza nthaka bwanji?
Kukula tambala wokwera kumayamba ndikubzala kwake. Ndikofunika kugula zinthu zakubzala pasadakhale, kusankha tsamba ndikukonza dothi.
Duwa lokwera limabzalidwa kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira.
M'mbuyomu, malo amafunika kukumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo. Kuphatikiza peat, laimu ndi humus pazofanana zofanana m'nthaka. Kubzala duwa lokwera kumayamba ndikuumba mabowo. Maenje akuyenera kukhala theka mita mpaka theka mita. Zitsime ziyenera kuthiridwa bwino ndi madzi.
Pansi pake, ndibwino kuyika osakaniza manyowa (2,5 kilogalamu), dongo (5 kilogalamu) ndi mapiritsi a phosphorobacterin (zidutswa ziwiri). Pomanga iyenera kusakanikirana bwino mpaka yosalala.
Kudzala duwa lokwera
Chitsamba chotsika cha duwa lokwera chimafunikira kukonzekera koyamba kubzala. Mphukira ndi mizu ziyenera kudulidwa kutalika komweko, osapitirira masentimita makumi atatu. Njira izi zimalimbikitsa chitsamba komanso kupereka maluwa ambiri.
Magawo pamizu amathandizidwa ndi phulusa, ndipo pa mphukira - munda var. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuteteza kukwera mmwamba kuchokera kumatenda ndikuthandizira kuchira. Mutabzala, mmera uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi nthawi yabwino yozizira. Pakati pa tchire achinyamata muyenera kusiya mtunda pafupifupi mita ndi theka.
Poika mmera mu dzenje lobzala, ndi bwino kufalitsa mizu ya mbewu. Mukadzaza dothi, muyenera kuisanja kuti ma voids asakhalepo. Ngati pali mipata pakati pa mizu, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa chisanu.
Mukabzala duwa loluka pafupi ndi mipanda kapena khoma la nyumbayo, muyenera kusiya mtunda pakati pawo pafupifupi theka la mita.
Kusamalira kukwera kumene
Malamulo akuluakulu osamalira kukwera kwanyumba ndi awa:
- kudulira
- kuvala kwapamwamba;
- kuthirira;
- pogona nthawi yozizira.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'anitsitsa m'matumba achichepere; amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse ndi kumeza feteleza ndi mchere wofunikira. Kuyala dothi monga udzu umadetsa udzu ndi kumasula.
Kuyambira pakati pa nthawi yophukira, muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera nthawi yozizira. Patsiku lililonse la Seputembala, mphukira zopanda mphamvu zimasankhidwa ndikudulidwa. Ziwawa za kukwera maluwa zidzayamba kugwera paokha (kanthawi pang'ono atakutidwa). Pakatha milungu ingapo, nthambi za mbewuzo zimazolowera. Pakadali pano, zikwapu ziyenera kusungidwa m'magulu, zopangidwa ndi zidutswa zitatu kapena zinayi, ndikuthandizidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa.
Mphepo yamlengalenga ikatsika pansi pa madigiri asanu, ndikofunikira kuti muchotse masamba onse, ndikuphimba nthambi.
Pogona nyengo yachisanu
Kusamalira duwa lokwera ndikuphimba bwino nyengo yachisanu. Pamalo pamene zitsotso za chomera zitagona, muyenera kukumba zotsalira zazing'ono. Pindani masamba omwe adagwa pansi, ikani zikwapu za maluwa pamenepo ndikudzaza ndi zomwezo kuchokera pamwamba. Kanema kapena zinthu zounikira zimayikidwanso pobisalira zachilengedwe. Pakatikati, mmera adzafunika kutsegulidwa.
Kusamalira moyenera kukwera kwa mitengo sikungatheke popanda kudulira. Chapakatikati, mphukira zofowoka ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kuzindikirika pachitsamba. Nthambi zotere zimachotsedwa.
M'chilimwe, mikwingwirima yozimiririka idadulidwa kale, mwanjira imeneyi chitsamba chimayambitsidwanso ndikupanga mphukira zatsopano.
Zoyenera ndi kudya
Ngati mukudziwa kusamalira duwa lokwera, mutha kubzala chitsamba chokongola ndi maluwa ambiri. Chomera chikufuna kuvala pamwamba; munthawi yakukula, muyenera kuthira maluwa koposa kasanu. Kukula kwamaluwa kudzakhudzidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa michere ndi michere. Ndi zofunika kuwasintha. Nthawi yamaluwa, mmera sukudyetsedwa.
Maluwa okwera ndi maluwa osalolera chilala, kudzikirira kwa dothi kwa iwo kungayambitse kufa. Palinso chiwopsezo chachikulu chodziwitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo siy kuthiriridwa madzi, pafupifupi kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri pakukula maluwa ndi:
- khansa ya m'matumbo;
- ufa wowuma.
Ngati simusiyidwa, mbewuyo imafa msanga. Powdery mildew imatayidwa ndi Bordeaux fluid. Chida ichi chiyenera kupopera tchire katatu patatha milungu iwiri.
Kulimbana ndi khansa yam'mimba nkovuta. Mwachitsanzo, pogona panthawi yake ndikumasulidwa. Ngati chomera chadwala, ndiye kuti muyenera kudula malo owonongeka a duwa. Ziyenera kuwotchedwa.
Tizilombo ta kukongola kukwera ndi:
- nsabwe za m'masamba;
- akangaude.
Kuti muwone majeremusi, muyenera kuyang'ana chitsamba mosamala. Ngati omwe alipo, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesetsa kulimbana nawo.
Njira zabwino zodzitetezera ku nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nthata za akangaude ndikumapopera chitsamba ndi ma decoctions a nettle ndi mahatchi. Koma vuto lankhanzalo likakugonjetsedwa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Zovala zokongola kwambiri za gazebos, mipanda, makoma akukwera maluwa. Chithunzi pamsika wa chomerachi ndi kukongola kosafotokozeka komwe wolimi aliyense akhoza kukula.
