Bergenia, monga momwe mbewu imatchulidwira pamtundu wodziwika, amakhala m'malo opezeka kumapiri a Kazakhstan ndi Mongolia, ku Altai ndi China. Komabe, wamaluwa amadziwika bwino ngati zofukiza, chithunzi cha mitundu ndi mitundu chomwe chimakhala chogwirika nthawi zonse ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino ya pinki, yoyera, maluwa a lilac komanso mawonekedwe a masamba omwe amatengedwa mu basal rosettes apamwamba.
Chomera chowoneka bwino komanso chosasamala, chomwe chinayambitsidwa mchikhalidwe cha XVIII m'zaka zam'ma XV, sichinawonongeke kwambiri ndi obereketsa. Gawo la mitundu yomwe ilipo idapangidwa motengera mitundu yazomera zamtchire zomwe zimaphunziridwa kwambiri - lubani. Ndipo zochuluka zomwe zimabzalidwa ndizophatikiza ndi maluwa amitundu yambiri omwe ndi okulirapo kuposa zachilengedwe, komanso zofanizira ndi masamba ofala ndi ofiirira.
Ponseponse, botanists apeza ndikufufuza mitundu 10 ya zofukiza kapena zipatso, pomwe mitundu yambiri siyokongola ku mundawu. Izi ndi mitundu yotsalira yopezeka m'malo ochepa kwambiri, ndipo mbewu zosowa zomwe zimaphatikizidwa m'mabuku a Red and Regional.
Frankincense (B. crassifolia)
Kanyumba kamene kali ndi mbewa limatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi mizu ndi masamba, omwe amakonza msuzi wonunkhira. Chachikhalidwe pakati pa anthu a Altai ndi Mongolia, chakumwachi chimatha bwino kwambiri, chimaletsa matenda ndi kutupa. Chifukwa cha iye, badan amatchedwa "tiyi wa ku Mongolia" ndipo akuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazomera zamankhwala.
Zofukizira zakutchire, pachithunzichi, zimatha kuwonekera kumapiri a Altai ndi kumapiri a Sayan, kumpoto kwa Mongolia ndi Transbaikalia. Mapeto a mbewuyi akutsitsimutsa matalikidwe amtundu wamiyala ku Kazakhstan ndi China.
Badan ndi herbaceous osatha. Dongosolo la pansi pa dengalo limakhala ndi mitengo yayikulu yolimba yomwe ili pafupi ndi dothi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale masamba ochepa, okhala ndi masamba ochepa komanso magawo okhala ndi mantha oopsa.
Monga tikuwonera pachithunzi cha maluwa onunkhira, ma belu okhala ngati zilembo amatha kujambulidwa mu mithunzi yonse yoyera, yapinki, yofiirira ndi yofiirira.
Masamba otambalala ochokera masamba akuluakulu samafa ngakhale nthawi yozizira, ndiye kuti amadyera amawoneka kwenikweni kuchokera pansi pa chipale chofewa, poyambirira kwamadzuŵa. Masamba osalala a masamba nthawi yakula amakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira, ndipo pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira amasandulika ofiira ndi ofiirira.
Zofukiza zokhala ndi mtima wofewa (B. cordifolia)
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 18, frangipani wapa mtima wakula pachikhalidwe. M'mbuyomu, mtunduwu unkadziwika ngati wodziyimira pawokha, koma tsopano akatswiri azomera amazindikira kuti ndi zofukiza zamankhwala zokhazikitsidwa bwino.
Zomera zokhala ndi masamba owondera, okhala ndi mtima komanso maluwa a lilac-pinki pakusasitsa kwa mbeu zimafika masentimita 40 kutalika.
Zofukizira zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi mitundu, monga pachithunzichi, ndi maluwa owala kwathunthu kapena oyera kwathunthu kutalika kwa 1 mpaka 1.5 cm.
Badmire Schmidt (B. x schmidtii, kapena B. stracheyi var. Schmidtii)
Zofukiza za haibrid zochotsa mungu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zidapezeka koyamba m'zaka za XIX. Chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe choterechi ndi mabulosi a Schmidt, omwe amamwa ma tsamba owoneka ngati tsamba loyera komanso zipatso zokulira.
Chomerachi ndichosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ndi masamba obiriira okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa seva. Masamba owonda masamba amasungidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa. Chapakatikati, pomwe maluwa akuwonekera pamwamba pawo, kukula kwa masamba amasiya, ndikuyambiranso ndi kufota kwa inflorescence ndikupanga mapepala ambewu.
Maluwa oyera, ofiirira kapena apinki okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 5 mm otseguka kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi kapena August. Mukugwa, mbewu zimacha, zomwe zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zitheke.
Cilanthus (B. ciliata)
Mtundu wa bwato womwe suthana ndi chisanu ndi mbadwa za Himalaya ndi Tibet, pomwe mbewu zimakonda kukhazikika kumapiri a mitengo komanso m'mphepete mwa miyala. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, zonunkhira zimakonda ngodya zamtundu ndi kuyandikira kwa madzi.
Kuchokera kwa abale ake ena, kupatula zofukiza za bango, mbewu iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa cilia kapena mulu pamaziko a masamba. Maluwa a zipatso zamtunduwu ndi opinki opepuka kapena oyera, okhala ndi chikho chofiirira.
Kufotokozera ndi zithunzi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lubani wosakanizidwa
Kupanga, monga pachithunzichi, mitundu ndi mitundu ya zofukizira, obereketsa amapereka mwayi kwa nzika za chilimwe:
- Kondweretsani maluŵa a maluwa awa;
- Sangalalani ndi maluwa akuluakulu
- Osawopa kuti kubzala kudwala chisanu;
- penti mabedi amaluwa pazithunzi zonse za pinki ndi zofiirira, zoyera ndi zofiira.
Mitundu yambiri ya zipatso ndi zotsatira za ntchito za okonda ku Germany. Mosiyana ndi zomera zamtchire, zofukizira za m'munda wa Abendgloken zili ndi maluwa osachepera awiri kamvekedwe ka pinki. Ma inflorescence osazolowereka otseguka pazovala zofiirira mpaka 40 cm. Masamba a Abendglocken alimi amakongoletsedwa ndi kakhalidwe kakang'ono kofiyira nthawi yachilimwe, ndipo pafupifupi kutembenukira kwathunthu pofiirira.
Zofukiza za haibridi zochokera ku chinjoka chazithunzi zimayimira maluwa ake opepuka. Maluwa a Angel Kiss osiyanasiyana omwe awonetsedwa m'chithunzichi adakulitsa masamba owala ndi maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumaso oyera.
Abendglyut Badan ali ndi maluwa owala ofiirira omwe amatha kukhala osavuta kapena pang'ono pawiri. Masamba a Abendglut alimi ndi obiriwira nyengo yotentha, ndipo pakugwa kwawo amasintha matani ofiira. Zomera zake ndizopendekera ndipo kutalika kwake masentimita 30 ndizabwino kubzala m'malire ndi m'mapiri a kumapiri.
Ngakhale maluwa otuwa a pinki sijakukulira kuposa masentimita 1.5, amawoneka okongola kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apawiri komanso mtundu wapinki.
Kutalika kwa maluwa a zonunkhira za Bressingham White ndi masentimita 30. "Mphukira yoyambirira yoyambirira idatsegulidwa kale pamene duwa la maluwa lidakali pamtunda wa masamba owala ndi masamba ofiira.
Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa Morgenrote, mitundu iyi imakhala ndi maluwa ofiira owoneka bwino ndi pachimake. Chachilendo chomera ndikuti mtundu wa inflemose inflorescences umatha kuwonekera osati mchaka, komanso pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira.
Mitundu yayitali ndi mitundu ya zofukizira, monga chithunzithunzi chokhala ndi inflemose inflorescence, imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino osati kukongoletsa mundawo, komanso kudula. Chitsanzo cha mbewu yotereyi ndi mitundu ya Glockenturm, yomwe imayenderera mpaka 50 cm.
Zina mwa zofukizira za m'munda zam'maluwa a maluwa ndi Silberlicht bergenia mpaka 40 masentimita omwe ali ndi maluwa oyera opepuka paz maluwa a inflemose inflorescence.
Dzinalo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso kapena boti Scheekoenigin wochokera ku Germany amamasuliridwa kuti "The Queen Queen". Chomera mpaka 50c wamtali chimafanana ndi dzina lake ndi zithumwa zokhala ndi maluwa oyera, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira pinki kuti zitheke. Maulangesi obiriwira okhala ndi mphamvu yolimba amathandiza kudula bwino, ndipo ma inflorescence sataya kukongoletsa kwawo.
