Zofunikira kwambiri zomwe mitundu yamatcheri abwino kwambiri yomwe imakula ku Moscow Region ndi zigawo zofanana ndi nyengo ziyenera kukumana ndi kupirira poyerekeza ndi kutentha pang'ono komanso kukana ma phytopathologies. Pakati pa mafomu awa, odziwika kwambiri ndi Lyubskaya, dessert ya Volga, Amorel, Finayevskaya, Raspletka, Davydovskaya, Levoshinskaya ndi Ambulansi. Kafotokozedwe kazinthu zamitundu mitundu yamatcheri awa, komanso zithunzi za mitengo ndi zipatso zake, tikuzindikira patsamba lino.
Ndi mitundu yanji yamatcheri omwe amabzalidwa bwino m'malo opezeka anthu
Lyubskaya. Imodzi mw mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya ku Russia. Kudera la Volga kudali ponseponse. Mtengo wotsika, mpaka 2 - 2,5 m, wokhala ndi korona wapakati-wamtundu wapakati. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimba yozizira, koma maluwa ake amakhala osavomerezeka ndi chisanu. Wololera kwambiri komanso wamakhalidwe. Imayamba kubala zipatso kuyambira chaka cha 3, ndikukula msanga pazaka. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzilimbitsa. Maluwa pambuyo pake. Pofotokoza zamtundu wamatcheri amtunduwu, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zipatso zake zazikulu, zomwe kulemera kwake kumafikira 3.8 g. Zipatsozo ndizopondera, zofiirira zakuda, zokhala ndi zamkaka zofiirira zofiira ndi msuzi, mkoma wowawasa wokoma. Mwalawo ndiwakatali, wozungulira. Zipatso zimacha kumapeto kwa Julayi. Kuyenda bwino ndikwabwino. Imadyedwa mwatsopano ndi kumalongeza.
Dessert Volga. Mitengo yaying'ono yapakatikati, ikukula mwachangu. Crohn ozungulira-kupindika, kukweza, kachulukidwe kachulukidwe. Kubala pa chaka chilichonse. Polankhula za mitundu iti yamatcheri obzala ku Moscow Region, mchere wotsekera wa Volga ndiwofunika chifukwa cha kuuma kwawo kwa dzinja. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha kwambiri, imakhala yowonongeka kuposa mitundu ina yambiri. Kutentha kotheratu korona kumawonedwa kawirikawiri kwambiri osati mitengo yonse. Pambuyo pakuwonongeka, korona amabwezeretsedwa mwachangu. Mphukira za zipatso ndizokhazikika. Imayamba kubala zipatso mchaka cha 3-4 mutabzala m'mundamo. Maluwa amachitika pang'ono. Giredi yake imadzilimbitsa kwambiri. Ndi pollination yowonjezereka imapereka zokolola zambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zidasankhidwa ndi E.P. Finayev.
Zipatso ndi zazing'onoting'ono, zopingasa, zokhala ndi msoko wammbali, maroon, zonyezimira. Khungu limakhala lotalikirapo komanso lalitali. Guwa ndi lofiirira wakuda, wofewa, wowawasa, wowawasa wokoma. Madziwo ndi ofiira. Zipatso zimatha kunyamulidwa, kucha mkati mwa nthawi yayitali. Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso mitundu yonse ya kukonza. Mtundu umodzi wamtchuthi wabwino kwambiri, wopatsa zokolola zambiri komanso pachaka, umafunika chisamaliro chabwino. Kukonzanso pafupipafupi kumafunikanso zaka 2 - 3, popeza zosiyanasiyana zimabala zipatso makamaka pamatabwa apachaka ndipo, mutakolola, mphukira zimawululidwa. Kufalikira ndi katemera ndi muzu wa ana.
Amorel koyambirira (pinki). Mitengoyo ndi yayikulu-kakulidwe, yokhala ndi korona wozungulira wokutira pakati. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosagwirizana, zoyambirira komanso zopindulitsa. Imayamba kubala zipatso kuyambira chaka cha 3. Zipatso makamaka pamaluwa a maluwa awiri kapena atatu, ndipo nthawi zina nkhuni zazaka zinayi. Ngati simukudziwa mitundu yoyambirira yamatchi abwino kwambiri ku dera la Moscow, khalani omasuka kusankha Amorel, chifukwa zipatso zake zimadzaphulika pofika Juni 15-20. Zipatso zomwe zimakhala pamtengowo zimagwira mwamphamvu, ndipo zikakololedwa, mafupawo nthawi zambiri amakhalabe pa petiole, motero amadulidwa koyamba kukolola.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, mtundu umodzi wamatcheri abwino kwambiri ali ndi zipatso zikuluzikulu, kulemera kwake pafupifupi 3,3,5,5 g, ozungulira, ofiira, ofiira, komanso zamkati komanso madzi:
Zipatso zimakhala ndizotsekemera zabwino komanso zowawasa. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zodzichitira tokha. Amadyedwa mwatsopano komanso pokonzekera ma compotes.
Finaevskaya. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi Finayev E. II. Mitengo yayitali-yaying'ono yokhala ndi korona yofalitsa piramidi ya kachulukidwe kakang'ono. Kuyenda mokulira pamakulidwe apachaka komanso pang'ono pamaluwa. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa nthawi yozizira. Maluwa amateteza chisanu. Mitengo imabala zipatso mchaka cha 4-5 mutabzala m'mundamo. Amaluwa kumapeto. Kwambiri chonde. Mtundu umodzi wamatcheri abwino kwambiri ali ndi zipatso zazikulu, zozungulira komanso zakuda. Khungu limakhala lolimba, zamkati ndi lofiirira wakuda, wowawasa-wokoma, wokoma wosangalatsa. Zipatso zimacha masiku 5 mpaka 7 m'mbuyomu kuposa Lyubskaya. Zipatso ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso mitundu yonse ya kukonza.
Rasletka. Kusankhidwa kwa anthu wamba a Volga, monga chitumbu. Mtengowu unali wamtchire, wosakwiririka, mpaka 2-2,5 m kutalika, wokhala ndi korona wobiriwira, wapakati, wokulira. Zosiyanasiyana ndizobiriwira-nyengo yachisanu ndi maluwa osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Mtundu umodzi wamatcheri abwino kwambiri ku dera la Moscow ndi wololera kwambiri, umabala zipatso zambiri chaka chilichonse. Zipatso zimacha pakati pa Julayi. Zipatso za kukula kwapakatikati (3.5-4 g), zozungulira, zofiirira zakuda, zokhala ndi msuzi wa utoto wabwino, wonyezimira. Zamkati ndiwofewa, wowawasa, wowawasa wowawasa. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonjezera kukonzekera.
Kenako, mutha kupeza chithunzi ndi kufotokozera zamitundu yamatcheri abwino kwambiri, gawo lomwe mwalimbikitsa pakati pa Russia.
Mitundu yabwino yamatcheri apakati Russia
Davydovskaya. Zosiyanasiyana zidapezedwa ndi Ivanov P.P. pamalo oyesera kulima Kuibyshev. Mitengo yaying'ono kapena yapakatikati yokhala ndi korona wozungulira. Chikhalidwe chachikulu chautchi wamtunduwu ndi kuuma kwake kwa chisanu. Zipatsozo zimakhala zokhazikika, zimawuma kokha nyengo zosasangalatsa. Mitengo imayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka cha 4 mpaka 5 mutabzala m'munda. Maluwa amachitika pang'ono. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzilimbitsa.
Zipatso za sing'anga kukula ndizazungulira, zofiirira zakuda, zonyezimira. Guwa ndi lofiirira lakuda, yowutsa mudyo, lofewa, lokoma komanso wowawasa. Madziwo ndi ofiira. Zipatso zimacha kale (pofika masiku 4-8) la mchere wamphesa ya Volga. Zipatso za Davydovskaya zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, koma zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana siimakulira kwambiri ndipo imafunika kudulira kochepa.
Levoshinskaya. Zosiyanasiyana zidapezedwa ndi Ivanov P. P. kuchokera kudutsa msewu wa haibridi wa 106/3 × Dessert Volga pamalo oyesera kulima a Kuibyshev. Mitengo yaying'ono yapakatikati. Crohn chowulungika, chozungulira. Umenewu ndi umodzi mwamitundu yabwino kwambiri yamatchuthi apakati Russia ali ndi hardness yozizira. Masamba opatsa zipatso nawonso amalimbana ndi nyengo yozizira. Mitengo imayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka cha 3-4 mutabzala m'munda. Maluwa pakatikati. Giredi yake imadzilimbitsa kwambiri. Pamaso pa oponyera mungu, zokolola ndizambiri. Zipatso zimacha mchaka chachitatu cha Julayi. Zipatso zimakhala zazing'onoting'ono, zozungulira zokutira, zofiirira zakuda, pafupifupi burgundy. Peel ndi yolimba, yapakatikati. Guwa ndi lofiirira lakuda, yowutsa mudyo, lofewa, lokoma. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi 3.2 g, yayikulu kwambiri - 5.9 g. Zipatsozo ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukonza.
Wolimbikira. Zosiyanasiyana zidawerengedwa ku malo oyesera kulima kwa Kuibyshev ndi Ivanov P.P. chifukwa chodutsa Dawn of the Volga × Lyubskaya. Mitengo yazingwe 1.5-2 m wamtali. Crohn chowulungika, chokulirapo, chapakati kachulukidwe. Kubereka makamaka pachaka. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa ndi maluwa imakhala yolimba kwambiri nthawi yozizira.
Imayamba kubala zipatso mchaka cha 3-4 mutabzala m'mundamo. Maluwa amachitika pang'ono. Giredi yake imadzilimbitsa kwambiri. Zipatso zimacha mchaka chachitatu cha Julayi. Kukula kwa zipatso kumakhala pang'ono komanso kutsika pang'ono. Oblong, ofiira akuda, okongola. Khungu limakhala loonda, lolimba. Ubwamuna ndi wofiyira, wowawasa, wokoma komanso wowawasa. Madziwo ndi ofiira. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi 2,5 g, yayikulu kwambiri - 4.7 g. Zipatsozo ndizoyenera kukonza.
Onani zosankha za mitundu yamatumbu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa pakatikati pa Russia:
