Pakati pazomera zamkati mulibe ma fern ambiri, ndipo mitundu yake yotchuka imatha kuwerengedwa zenizeni zala za dzanja limodzi. Koma ma fern ochepa ndi okongola komanso mawonekedwe okongola monga amodzi mwa mitundu yachilendo kwambiri yazomera zakale izi - phanerophlebia, kapena Tsirtomium. Fern iyi ndi yosowa kwambiri kotero kuti imayesedwa ngati mitundu yochepetsetsa kwambiri yazikhalidwe chachipinda. Mbiri yotere ndiyabwino kwambiri chifukwa cirtomy yokongola komanso yopambana ndiyosasinthika kutentha, kuyatsa ngakhale chisamaliro.
Chikwangwala cha Cirthium (Koretomium falcatum), kapena chikwakwa cha Phanerophlebia.
Kukongola "koyera" kwa phanerophlebia-zirthomiums
Ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake phanerophlebia sinakhale mtundu wotchuka komanso wofala. Kungowona kukongola kwa wai wa fern iyi ndikokwanira, osanenapo za kafukufuku wazofunikira zake zofunikira kuti athe kukonda mbewuyi kwamuyaya.
Kukongoletsa, ndi mtundu wolemera, wokongola osati wowopsa, phanerophlebia ndipo pakokha kungapangitse kumverera kwa nkhalango, osataya choyipa chake chapamwamba. Ndipo ngakhale lero chomeracho chinasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wa Tsirtomiums, dzina lofanana "phanerophlebia" likadali lodziwika bwino kuposa dzina lodziwika bwino la botanical.
Ndipo sizosadabwitsa: kupatula apo, ma cytomiums ndi ma fern omwe amayanjanitsidwa ndi kulima dothi lotseguka, pomwe chikhalidwe cha chipinda ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa phanerophlebia womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ma Tsirtomiums ndi mafashoni okongoletsa kwambiri omwe amaimira banja la a Shchitovnikov. Chomerachi chimapezeka m'chilengedwe chokha m'malo otentha, pomwe kukongola kwake kumawoneka kuti kudapangidwa ndi Amayi a Zachilengedwe kuti zithetse zilumba zamtendere komanso zowoneka bwino kukhala gulu lokongola lazomera.
Mu chikhalidwe, phanerophlebia yakale idayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ingapo, kuphatikiza pakuphatikiza kosonkhetsa, munthu amatha kumanenanso za mtundu umodzi wokhawo - chikwakwa cha cirrhotic, kapena, monga amatchulidwabe, phanerophlebia (Cyrtomium falcatum). Mayina a Folk amachitira umboni mokwanira ku zabwino zazikulu za fern: amakonda kutcha "fern wopatulika", "holly" ndi "holly".
Phanerophlebia-cirtomyomas ndi ma fern amphamvu koma osati zimphona. Zomera zazing'ono zimakula pang'onopang'ono, akulu amakula zingapo wai pachaka. Zovuta zazikuluzikulu ndi petioles zimapatsa mbewuyo chisomo ndikugogomezeranso masamba akuluakulu kwambiri. Wowoneka bwino waiyi pa petioles zolimba zokutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni pafupifupi m'munsi zimawoneka zokongola komanso pafupifupi zokongoletsera.
Kutalika kwambiri kwa masamba mpaka 1 m, ndipo ngakhale apo pamodzi ndi maziko a petiole, koma mu chikhalidwe chamalo, cirthium nthawi zambiri imakhala yotalika mpaka theka la mita masamba. Masamba a Cirrus amawonekera ndi ma lobes a crescent, okhala ndi m'mphepete momveka bwino komanso chisonyezo cholimba, chomwe chikuwoneka bwino komanso chachikulu, chikugogomezera kukongoletsa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Masamba a Leathery okhala ndi mtundu wolemera kwambiri wobiriwira wamdima wobiriwira ndi sheen wawo wonyezimira ndipo, akasamalidwa bwino, amawoneka ngati opanga - amawoneka opanda cholakwa.
Kusamalira pakhomo kwa cirthium
Tsirtomiums ndiyomwe imayesedwa pakati pa ferns kwambiri m'nyumba. Ndi iwo mutha kuyamba kudziwa bwino za mbeu zakale izi: ndizosinthika kwambiri kotero sizingayambitse mavuto ngakhale kwa olimi odziwa zambiri. Kuzolowera bwino ndikuwala kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutentha ndi zipinda, ma cirthomium amadabwitsidwa mosangalala ndi kulekerera kwawo kwakuphonya posamalira ndi kuphweka kwa kubereka.
Kuyatsa kwa phanerophlebia
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomera zam'mimba zomwe zimatha kumera zenizeni pakuwala kulikonse. Sakonda cytomium ya chinthu chimodzi chokha - kuwongola dzuwa. Koma powala bwino, komanso mthunzi wake, komanso pamthunzi, adzawoneka wapamwamba, malinga ngati amamuyang'anira. Malo abwino kwambiri a phanerophlebia amawonedwa kuti ndi akumpoto pazenera, koma zosankha zokha sizokwanira. Tsirtomium-phanerophlebia imatha kumera muzipinda zopanda mawindo, ngati itapatsidwa kuwunikira kochepa kochepa.
Fern iyi imatsegulira mwayi watsopano wopanga zokongoletsera zamkati, popeza ntchito zokongoletsera zokha ndi zomwe mungathe kuziyika nokha, kuiwala za kuletsa kokhazikika pakuwunikira.
Chikwangwala cha Cirthium (Cyrustomium falcatum).
Kutentha kosangalatsa
Zofunikira zokhazo zomwe phanerophlebia imapanga kutentha kwa mpweya ndizokhazikika. Fern uyu sakonda kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi, koma amatha kusintha kutentha kulikonse - ndi nyumba wamba, komanso yotentha, ndi zipinda zozizira. Kutentha kololedwa kochepa ndi madigiri 13.
Tsirtomiumy iyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula, kuyandikira kwa magetsi ndi zida zamagetsi.
Kuthira kwa cytomiums ndi chinyezi
Phanerophlebia, ngakhale poyerekeza ndi abale awo osowa m'nyumba, amadziwika ndi hydrophilicity yowonjezereka. Koma mosiyana ndi ferns ena ambiri amkati, zofuna zawo sizikugwirizana ndi chinyezi cha mpweya, koma zongokhala chinyezi cha gawo lapansi.
MaTsirtomium amathiridwe madzi pafupipafupi komanso mokwanira. Ngakhale kuyanika pang'ono kwa dothi kumakhudza chidwi cha masamba. Kusunthika kwa madzi, kusinthana sikuyenera kuloledwa, koma dothi lokha kwambiri liyenera kuyimitsidwa pakati pa madzi othirira. Khola louma lokhazikika ndiye chitsimikizo chachikulu chokongoletsa fern mosasamala nyengo. Kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira kumachepetsedwa, kumangoyang'ana kusintha kwa nyengo yakuuma panthaka.
Ndikofunikira kusunga chinyezi chachikulu cha phanerophlebia. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya, kumafunikira kuti ufeze kwambiri. Koma mosiyana ndi ferns ena ambiri amkati, mtunduwu suwopa malo owuma, Zizindikiro zapakati, sizifunikira kukhazikitsidwa kwa onyidifires komanso kungokhala wokhutira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Tsirtomium imamverera bwino kukhitchini ndi bafa, mzipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri kapena chosintha. M'malo oterowo, palibe chifukwa choti uzipopera.
Zakudya za zirthium
Feteleza phanerophlebias azingofunikira pokhapokha gawo lazitukuko.
Fern uyu amakonda kwambiri feteleza wachilengedwe, ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi, ndiye kuti mutha kusinthanitsa mavalidwe achikhalidwe ndi feteleza wama mineral ndi kuyambitsa kwa organics.
Feteleza kumachitika ndi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi pamwezi kapena muyezo, halved mu ndende Mlingo.
Chikwangwala cha Cirthium (Cyrustomium falcatum).
Cirtomyum kupatsira ndi gawo lapansi
Phanerophlebia sachita mantha kuti ikusintha ndikusintha bwino m'nthaka yatsopano. Fern ikhoza kuthandizidwa pachaka, koma ndi bwino kusintha mawonekedwe pokhapokha pakufunika, mizu ikawoneka kuchokera kuzenje zowachotsa. Kwa mbewu zazikulu, kupatsirana sikungachitike, kudzimangirira pakusintha kumtunda.
Mosiyana ndi kuyatsa kapena kutentha, phanerophlebia imafunikira kwambiri pamtunda. Kuphatikiza kwapadera kokha kwa fern kapena magawo ofanana ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a peat ndi oyenera kwa iwo. Powonjezera peat pamtunda wapadziko lonse, mutha kupeza malo abwino osungirako izi ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ngati palibe njira ina, cirtomyum itha kukhala wamkulu mu peat wabwino. Mulingo woyenera wa nthaka ndi 5.0-6.0.
Chinsinsi chachikulu cha kufalikira kwa cirtomyum ndikuwunika mozama mizu ndikuchotsa magawo owonongeka. Chifukwa chachilengedwe chadzuwa chambiri, phanerophlebia nthawi zambiri imadwala zowola, ndipo pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka pang'ono ndi mizu yaying'ono. "Kuyeretsa" mpweya usanasinthe tanki kungalepheretse mavutowa ndikupangitsa kuti fern ikhale yathanzi. Mizu yake imayenera kugwiridwa mosamala, amavulala mosavuta ndikusweka. Mukaziika, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti khosi la mizu silamizidwa mu dothi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta cirthomiums
Phanerophlebia nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizirombo tina ndizosowa kwambiri pamitundu iyi.
Mavuto omwe amapezeka pakukula kwa cirthomiums:
- kuyanika ndi kuwononga masamba mlengalenga ndiouma ndi kuthirira kosayenera;
- kudodoma ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kochepa;
- mawonekedwe a bulauni mawanga, chikaso cha masamba otsika nthawi yamadzi;
- chikasu chamasamba ndi kuyanika nsonga za wai mumlengalenga ouma kapena ndi zovuta zina chisamaliro.
Mikangano pa waiyi sickle-cirthomium.
Kubalana kwa cirthium
Mosiyana ndi ma fern ena amkati, omwe amawaganizira ndikusintha, phanerophlebia imapereka njira zambiri zoberekera.
Njira yosavuta yowonjezerera chophatikiza ndi zipatso za cirthomium ndikugawa mbewu pozika.
Mutha kupeza izi kuchokera ku spores. Tsirtomium nthawi zambiri imadzipatsa yokha pawiri mumphika wake komanso mumipanda yazomera yoyandikana nayo. Pambuyo pouma, spores imamera mosavuta mu chisakanizo cha peat chosakanikirana ndi kufesa pamtunda komanso chinyezi chambiri pansi pa filimu kapena galasi ndikuwotha kutentha.
