Fittonia (Fittonia) - chomera cha banja la Acanthus, masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba obiriwira. Kwawo kwa Exot ndi nkhalango zotentha za South America, koma amatchedwa Britain: duwa lokongoletsa adalongosoleredwa koyamba mu 1850 ndi alongo a Fitton. Mtengowo uli ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amtundu wobiriwira wa azitona, wokongoletsedwa ndi mitsempha yofiyira yowala kapena siliva. M'mitundu yokhala ndi masamba ofiira, masamba ake ndi ofiira, koma maluwa aku Fittonia ndi osawoneka bwino, ang'ono komanso ali okha.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Fittonia: zithunzi, mayina ndi kufotokoza kwa mitundu
Mukukongoletsa maluwa, ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yamtchire Fittonia yomwe imakula. Zomera zambiri zomwe zimatha kuwoneka m'malo obiriwira komanso pazenera sell zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusankha. Mpaka posachedwa, mitundu yachilengedwe yotereyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito:
Fittonia Verschaffelt (F. verschaffeltii).
Giant Fittonia (F. gigantea).
Fittonia siliva-vein (F. argyroneura).
Mtundu woyamba wa mbewu umadulidwa, umakhala ndi masamba omwewo. Ili ndi masamba akuluakulu abuluu wakuda kapena maolivi a maolivi okhala ndi mitsempha yofiira. Kutalika kwa masamba a masamba kumasiyanasiyana kungakhale kwa 5 mpaka 10 cm. Onani chithunzi cha phytophthony chamtunduwu chomwe chili ndi dzina lachi Latin: mawonekedwe okongola a masamba ake amagogomezera mawonekedwe a pangidwe.
Koma chomera cham'malo otentha sichimamangidwa bwino m'malo okhala chifukwa chinyezi chochepa. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu yatsopano ya mitundu ya Vershafelt yomwe idapangidwa, kuti izigwirizana ndi nyumba zathu. Pakati pawo, otchuka kwambiri ndi:
Fittonia "Perseus".
Fittonia "Josan".
Fittonia ndi wofiyira.
Fittonia "White Anna".
Perseus wosiyanasiyana - chomera chofunda chomwe kutalika kwake sikuposa 10-12 cm.
Zoyambira zake zimakhala zokongola kwambiri, ndipo masamba ake ndi owongoka ndi maupangiri. Masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Fittonia yotereyi amajambulidwa pamtambo wobiriwira wakuda ndi mitsitsi ya pinki kapena ya rasipiberi.
Fittonia "Josan" chimawonekeranso choyambirira: masamba ake amasiyanasiyana m'mphepete mwa wavy okhala ndi mawonekedwe amdima obiriwira.
Ma plates a masamba ali ndi mitsitsi ya pinki komanso yofiyira. Mtundu wa masamba achichepere ndiwopepuka, kotero malo omwe amakhala pachomera ichi amaoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino.
Fittonia ofiira - m'modzi mwa oyimilira amtunduwu.
Mtundu wobiriwira wabwinobwino paiwo suwoneka: mitsempha imakhala ndi utoto wamthunzi kuchokera ku pinki yakuda mpaka kuwala burgundy. Koma maluwa a mitundu iyi a Fittonia sangakope chidwi: masamba a chomera chokongoletsera ndi ochepa kwambiri, ali ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa kirimu.
Gawo "White Anna" yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, mthunzi womwe mkati mwake mwa tsamba mumakhala yowala pang'ono.
Amakutidwa ndi gridi ya mitsempha yasiliva yopyapyala, yomwe imawoneka yokongola kwambiri komanso yosazolowereka. Mphepete mwa pepalalo limakonzedwa ndi malire a mthunzi wakuda kuposa kamvekedwe kake.
Izi ndi zina mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino. Vershelt fittonia, koma mtunduwu uli ndi mayina ochulukirapo amitundu yambiri.
Pakati pa mitundu yamaluwa omera kuthengo, phytonia yayikulu imakopa chidwi. Imafika 60 cm kutalika chifukwa cha mphukira zowongoka. Zimayambira chomeracho ndi ma pubescent: Masamba akulu okhala ndi petioles lalifupi amaikidwa. Masamba obiriwira ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndi gloss pang'ono, okhala ndi mitsempha yofiyira yaying'ono. Masamba ndi okulirapo: kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 15 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 5-10 cm.
Fittonia vein "Nana" (F. argyroneura 'Nana') ndi chomera cha hydbid chomwe chimakhala chosiyana kakang'ono: kutalika kwa masamba a maluwa okongoletsa awa sikupita masentimita 2,5. Ubwino wopindulitsa wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukaniza kwake mpweya wouma, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri umakulitsidwa m'nyumba.
Momwe phytonia siliva mitsempha imamasulira
Mitundu ya siliva-vein (veti yasiliva) imadziwikanso kwambiri pakati pa olima dimba.
Onani chithunzi cha mitundu iyi: dzina Fittonia likugwirizana kwathunthu ndi momwe masamba a mbewu amawonekera. Masamba amadzakutidwa ndi mitsempha yopyapyala yosiyana bwino ndi utoto wobiriwira wonenepa. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kukhala kosiyanasiyana kuchoka pa 5 mpaka 10 cm. Popeza chomera chopangidwa ndi siliva ndichosavuta kufalitsa zipatso (gawo la tsinde), nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati volumetric. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera nthawi zina zamtunduwu ndikosavuta kupanga "carpet" wobiriwira.
Onani chithunzi chamitundu iyi cha Fittonia: masamba ochepa amawoneka osawoneka bwino masamba oyang'ana bwino.
Mitundu yokhala ndi siliva imakhala ndi mitundu yokongola kwambiri, mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
Mphepo yapinki.
Khungu Lofiyira
Vinyo Woyera.
Fittonia "Nana".
Atatu oyamba a mndandanda wa "vinyo" wosakanizidwa: Nthawi iliyonse imakhudzana ndi mtundu wina wa zakumwa zozizilitsazi. Mwachitsanzo, masamba a Pink Vein ali ndi mitsempha yotuwa yapinki ndi yoyera. Mtunduwu umawoneka wokwanira pa masamba achichepere ndipo umafanana ndi vinyo.
Pakati pa mitundu yayikulu komanso mayina amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Fittonia, ndizosavuta kusankha mbewu zomwe zimakongoletsa nyumba, ofesi kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Momwe mungasamalire chipinda fittonia kunyumba (ndi kanema)
Fittonia ndi chomera chojambula bwino chomwe chimapanga bwino pazenera la kumwera chakum'mawa ndikuwonetsedwa kumwera chakumadzulo. Koma iyenera kuyimitsidwa kuti isayang'ane dzuwa, kuti masamba asatenthe. Ngati kuunikako sikokwanira, zimayambira ku Fittonia zimatambasuka ndikuwoneka zosasiyanitsa, ndipo mtundu wa tsamba la masamba utayika.
Lamulo lofunika la momwe mungasamalilire zosowa zapanja panyumba nthawi zonse ndikusunga chinyontho chofunikira, choncho mphikawo uyenera kuyikidwa pallet yonyowa ndi timiyala, timasamba timene timapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi. Maluwa amkati amkati amatera bwino m'midzi yaying'ono yamkati. Mitundu yamitundu yaying'ono yamaluwa amkati (mwachitsanzo, "Nana") imatha kubzala bulb wamkulu wokongoletsa: imawoneka yoyambirira komanso yowala. Kuphatikiza apo, mu chidebe choterocho ndikosavuta kusungitsa chinyezi chofunikira.
Nthawi yakula (chilimwe ndi masika), kuthirira zochuluka ndi madzi ofewa, okhazikika ndikofunikira, nthawi yozizira iyenera kukhala yochepa. Koma kuti chisamaliro chachipinda choterachi pakhomo chisawononge duwa, munthu sayenera kuloleza kuzimiririka ndi dothi. Ngati madzi atsalira poto, ayenera kuthiridwa. Kuchepa kwambiri kwa chomera m'dzinja-nthawi yachisanu kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwa bowa ndikuwola mizu.
Chofunikira china kuti chilengedwe chizikhala ndi kutentha koyenera: Chomera sichimalola kusiyana kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake. Chifukwa chake, duwa lokongoletsa silingabzalidwe panja kapena kutulutsidwira pakhonde kapena poyala. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera cha Fittonia, kutentha kwa chomera nthawi yozizira kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana mwa 17-18 ° C. Ngati mtengo wotsika kwambiri (8-10 ° C), duwa lamkati limataya masamba.
Gawo la mbewuyo limakonzedwa kuchokera ku pepala ndi ma turf nthaka, peat ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1: 0.5). Muphika uyenera kusankhidwa lonse komanso lathyathyathya, ndipo ngalande yoyikirayo ikayikidwe pansi pake. Fittonia amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa maluwa ndende ya theka. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, nthaka imanyowetsedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse, nthawi yozizira - kamodzi pamwezi.
Zomwe zimapangidwazo ziyenera kukhala pachaka, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mphukira yotambasulidwa nthawi yachisanu imafupikitsidwa. Popeza njira zotuluka za Fittonia zimamasulira sizimayimira mtengo wokongoletsa, masamba amachotsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa amatchepetsa kwambiri chomera, ndipo mphukira zake zimakulitsidwa. Kuti fittonia imawoneka yolimba, nsonga zake zimapindika. Duwa lamkati limamera msanga, motero njirayi iyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.
Zaka 2-3 zilizonse mbewuzo zimapangidwanso: mphukira zakale zimadulidwa, mmalo mwa zomwe achinyamata amawoneka. Izi zimawoneka bwino mmera: kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu ya masamba ndi mthunzi wawo wolemera.
Masamba amapotoza ndikuuma ku Fittonia: mavuto akukula
Vuto limodzi lomwe limakonda kukula duwa ndi pomwe masamba pamphepete amauma. Izi zikuwonetsa chinyezi chochepa: mmera uyenera kumanuliridwa kuchokera mfuti yolumikizidwa bwino ndi madzi oyima. Sipayenera kukhala ndi mchere kapena zinthu zina za chlorine. Kuthirira kwa gawo lapansi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa, komwe nthawi yamasika-chilimwe iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Nthaka imatha kuwuma pang'ono pokha. Mphika wamaluwa umayikidwa pamiyala yonyowa kapena dongo lokulitsa, lomwe limasunga chinyontho chofunikira.
Koma ngati ku Fittonia masamba samangokhala wouma, komanso wotaya utoto wawo, izi ndi zotsatira za kuwunika kambiri. Chomera pankhaniyi chimafuna mthunzi pang'ono.
Chifukwa china chimasiya fittonia curl ndi masamba
Masamba akapota ndikufota ku Fittonia, izi zitha kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewuyo ndi kangaude. Imadyera pang'onopang'ono pamaluwa, koma tizilombo ndizovuta. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi madontho aang'ono owonekera, kenako nkuuma ndikugwa. Tizilombo tikachulukitsa, ndipo zochuluka kwambiri, masamba ocheperako amawonekera patsambalo. Kuti muthane nawo, mankhwalawa Fitoverm, Vermitek kapena Aktofit amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira imodzi imathandizidwa ndi chomera, kutsatira malangizo omwe ali phukusi.
Vuto linanso lomwe limatha kukula duwa likukula la petioles ndi zimayambira. Choyambitsa ndichotsika kwambiri kutentha, feteleza feteleza kapena kukonzekera. Zowola zowonongeka mbali za mbewu, ndikofunikira kuchotsa.
Ma Scabies samakonda kukhudzidwa ndi Fittonia: mamba owala a bulauni amawoneka pamasamba, omwe amagwa pomwe apanikizidwa. Mutha kuthana ndi tizilombo mothandizidwa ndi ndalama za Aktellik, Fitoverm ndi Metafos.
Momwe mungakulire fittonia: kufalitsa mwa kubzala cuttings
Chomera chimafalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa, mbewu ndi kugawikana kwa thengo. Poyamba, gawo lam'mwamba la chomera chimadulidwa mosamala. Kutalika kwa chogwirizira choterocho kuyenera kuyambira 8 mpaka 5 cm: ngati mugwiritsa ntchito gawo lalitali la maluwa apakhomo, lidzazika mizu pang'onopang'ono. Mbande yamtsogolo ikuyenera kukhala ndi masamba atatu kapena asanu. Zodulidwa zingazike mizu mumchenga wonyowa kapena dothi lotayirira. Kuti kufalitsa kwa Fittonia mwanjira iyi kunyumba ndizothandiza, mbande imakutidwa ndi galasi yowoneka bwino, yokhazikika komanso yothira.
Zodula zitha kuyikidwanso mumadzi, koma siziyenera kukhala zochuluka. Malo osungiramo madzi ali mchidebe muyenera kukhala masentimita 0.5-1,5. Mwakutero, azikhala bwino ndi mpweya, womwe umapangitsa kukula kwa odulidwa. Chidebe chokhala ndi mmera wamtsogolo chimayikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki, lomwe limamangidwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, imatsegulidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi phesi. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha kwa mpweya: kuti chomera chizika mizu, chiyenera kuchokera pa 25 mpaka 28 ° C.
Kufalikira kwa Fittonia wosakanizidwa ndi zodula kumatha kutenga miyezi 1-1.5. Pambuyo zikamera mizu pa mmera wamtsogolo, imayikidwa mu gawo lapansi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, ndipo chomera chaching'ono chimathiridwa nthawi zonse.
Duwa lamkati la achikulire ndikosavuta kufalitsa ndikugawa. Chitsamba chimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana kukhala magawo awiri ofanana 2-3, kutengera kukula kwake, ndikubzala m'mizimba yosiyana. Mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imawoneka yokongola kwambiri mumphika umodzi waukulu. Kubzala Fittonium kapangidwe sikusiyana ndi malamulo okukula chomera chimodzi.
Izi si njira zonse zokulitsa nyumba zosowa m'nyumba. Njira zina zofalitsira mbewu zalongosoledwa pansipa.
Momwe mungazule Fittonia, ngati mukufalikira m'njira zina
Duwa lamkati limatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi mizu: chifukwa ichi, gawo la tsinde lopanda masamba limakonkhedwa ndi dothi komanso lonyowa bwino. Mukatenga mizu (masamba atsopano amawoneka, ayamba kumera), amasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndikuwoka mumphika watsopano. Duwa limatha kufalikira lokha ndi mbali zake, ngati malo omwe mbewuyo ili ndi lalikulu. Simufunikanso kudziwa momwe mungazizitsire ndi mafuta ena osokoneza bongo. Mbande yokhayo ikhoza kusiyidwa kuti ikule pafupi ndi amayi kapena kuyiyika mumphika wina.
Kuti mumalitse mbewuyo ndi mbewu, muyenera kusamalira mbewu zapamwamba. Itha kusonkhanitsidwa palokha kapena kugula m'malo ogulitsira apadera. Kubala kumachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe: chidebe chachikulu komanso chosaya mtima chimasankhidwa, chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi, lotayirira. Mbewu zimayikidwamo, ndikupukuta nthaka bwino.
Iyi si njira yosavuta yofalitsira kukokomeza zosowa: mpweya uyenera kukhala wonyowa nthawi zonse, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 22-25 ° C. Chotetezachi chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene yowonekera pang'onopang'ono, ndikulowetsa nthaka m'nthaka nthawi yonse kuti kuwola kusayambe. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakonda kuyatsa: ngati sikokwanira, zimakokedwa mwamphamvu ndikuyamba kufooka, ndikuwonjezera kuwala kumayamba kuzimiririka. Komanso, kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha sikuyenera kuloledwa, apo ayi mbewuyo ikafa.
Kutsatira malangizo osavuta, mutha kupeza chomera chowala modabwitsa kapena chosangalatsa chomwe chidzakongoletsa chipindacho.
