Sorrel imachokera ku Europe ndi Asia, komwe imakulabe kwambiri kuthengo. Monga ndiwo zamasamba zamtchire, sorelo wakhala akudziwika kwa anthu kuyambira nthawi za prehistoric. M'dziko lapansi - mitundu 200. Mu Middle Ages, idayamba kulimidwa m'minda yamasamba.
© Jasmine & Roses
Sorelo Chilatini Rumex
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mbewuyi ngati mbewu ya masamba kudayamba m'zaka za zana la 12 (France). Ku Russia, sorelo amati ndi udzu ndipo osadyedwa, m'zaka zaposachedwa pomwe iwo adayamba kulima m'minda yamasamba - makamaka wamba kapena sorelo wowawasa.
Eni minda ya ku Russia sachita chikondwererochi pa maekala awo, komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, ndikofunikira kutenga gawo laling'ono la sorelo. Mwachitsanzo, pokhapokha ngati sorelo ndi imodzi mwazomera zoyamba zamasamba. Zomera za mbewu zachikale izi zitangotuluka chisanu chisungunuka. Pakutha kwa Meyi, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kale, masamba achichepere, omwe amafikira 10 cm, akudya kale. Mukukula kwakula pangani masiku 4-5 akudula masiku khumi ndi anayi. Kukolola kumalizidwa mu Julayi, masamba akamazizira ndikusunga oxalic acid ambiri, omwe siothandiza kwenikweni kwa anthu.
Mu kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, masamba a sorelo amalamulidwa ndi malic ndi ma acric acid; m'masamba achichepere, muli mavitamini ambiri, makamaka C, mchere (iron, potaziyamu), mapuloteni, ndi mashuga. Mankhwala wowerengeka, sorelo amadziwika kuti ndi anti-sciatic he hetaticatic komanso hematopoietic.. Zinapezeka kuti madzi a oxalic ali ndi choleretic komanso antiseptic. Zowona, akatswiri akuchenjeza kuti masamba awa sayenera kuzunzidwa: impso zimatha kuvutika.
© JoJan
Kusankha malo ndi dothi la sorelo
Sorerel - chomera choletsa kuzizira, chimalekerera chisanu pamaso pa chipale chofewa. Mbewu zimayamba kumera pa 3 ° C, mbande zimatuluka tsiku la 8-14 mutabzala. Amakula bwino pakuwala. Soreli yalimidwa malo amodzi kwa zaka 4-5, popeza zaka zotsatila, zokolola ndi mtundu wazabwino zimachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri kumayambiriro, pansi pa sorelo, ndikofunikira kupatutsa chonde komanso chonyowa chokwanira, koma popanda malo osadetseka, malo omwe ali ndi udzu, makamaka udzu wa tirigu. Dothi labwino kwambiri ndi loam ndi lochenga wamchenga wokhala ndi humus. Mutha kumeza chimbudzi pamatope a dothi. Ndikofunikira kuti kuya kwa pansi pa nthaka kusapitirire mita imodzi kuchokera panthaka. Soreli imakula bwino komanso imapereka zokolola zochuluka pamtundu wa acidic (pH 4.5-5), kotero kuyetsa izi sikuchitika.
© Marianne Perdomo
Kubzala sorelo
Soremo amafesedwa pamabedi 12 cm. Mu nthawi yophukira, manyowa kapena kompositi (6-8 makilogalamu), superphosphate (30-40 g) ndi potaziyamu mankhwala ena (20-30 g) amawonjezedwa pamalowo pomwe soremo amakula pansi pa fosholo mpaka pakuya kwathunthu kwa dothi la humus (pa 1 sq.m) ) Chapakatikati, kufesa pa 1 lalikulu mita, makilogalamu 4-6 a manyowa kapena kompositi, 2-2,5 g ya ammonium nitrate, 3-4 g ya superphosphate, 1-2 g yamchere wa potaziyamu amawonjezeredwa. Mutha kupanga urea (20 g pa 1 sq.m). Asanabzale, dothi liyenera kukhala lopanda namsongole..
Soremo amafesedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, chilimwe kapena nyengo yachisanu isanachitike. Chapakatikati, amayamba kubzala mbewu zikauluka (April 15-20). Pakadali pano, pamakhala chinyezi chokwanira kumtunda kwa dothi, komwe kumathandizira kumera kwa mbewu. Mbewu ziyenera kukhala ndi moyo wazaka ziwiri.
Asanabzale, adanyowa kwa masiku awiri. Bzalani dothi lonyowa ndikuzama masentimita 1.5, pamtunda wa 15 masentimita pakati pa mizere ndi 4-5 masentimita pakati pa mbewu motsatira. Kufesa ndibwino mulch peat. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimawonekera patatha masabata awiri mutabzala. Ngati mbande isanamera, bedi limakutidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndiye kuti mbande zimawonekera patatha masiku 3-5. Pambuyo zikamera, mbewuzo zimamchepetsedwa pamtunda wa 10 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ndikubzala koyambirira kwamasika, mbewuzo zimalandiridwa mchaka chomwecho..
M'nyengo yotentha, amabzala mu June-Julayi atatola mbewu zoyambirira zamasamba (radish, letesi, anyezi ndi zitsamba). Nthawi yofesa chilimwe, sorelo amakwanitsa kuzizira pansi nyengo yachisanu isanaperekenso zokolola zambiri kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa.
Kubzala mozizira kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (Okutobala-Novembala) kuti mbewu zisamere isanayambike nyengo yachisanu yokhazikika. Zokolola zitha kupezeka chaka chamawa. Muyenera kudziwa kuti mukafesa m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri mbande zimaguluka, chifukwa, zokolola zimakhala zochepa. Kubzala nyengo yozizira kumakhala koyenera pamadothi amchenga m'malo omwe kumatentha (Estonia, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia).
© wokonza chakudya
Chisamaliro cha Sorrel
Sorelo amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Potentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, duwa laling'ono limayamba ndipo duwa limamera posachedwa, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa zinthuzo. Kutsirira pafupipafupi ndikofunikira makamaka nthawi yobzala.
Pofuna kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo, mitengo yoyendayenda imachotsedwa posachedwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nyemba zisanayambe, ndikofunikira kuyika nthaka, kumasula ndikuchita ziwiri, kuvala katatu-kamodzi ndi mullein kuchepetsedwa katatu ndi madzi, ndikuphatikiza feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu (10-25 g pachidebe cha yankho).
Mu nthawi yophukira, kompositi kapena humus imawonjezeredwa ku kanjira (4-5 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. M) kuti mulch chomera chopanda zipatso. M'chaka chachiwiri mu kasupe, feteleza wathunthu wa mchere umayikidwa: 15-20 g wa urea, 30-40 g wa superphosphate, 15-20 g wa potaziyamu kloridi 1 pa sq.m.
Kututa kwa Soreti
Soreli imayamba kukololedwa pomwe masamba anayi kapena asanu a kukula kwabwinobwino amapangidwa pazomera. Masamba amadulidwa ndi mpeni masentimita 3-4 kuchokera panthaka, kusamala kuti asawononge masamba a mbewu. Asanakolole, soreloyo udula, ndipo mutakolola, timitseko timamasulidwa. Mutha kuchotsa sorelo m'mawa. Dulani masamba nthawi yachilimwe 4-5.
Pamene kukula kwa mivi ya maluwa kuyambika, kukolola kumayimitsidwa, ndipo mivi imadulidwa kuti isafooketse mbewuzo. Kuti tiwonjezere zipatso tsamba lililonse likadula, ndikofunikira kudyetsa mbewuzo ndi msanganizo wa michere ya mchere ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni. Mu nyengo youma, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika bwino mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, mumvula - imatha kukhala youma.
© Marianne Perdomo
Kuswana
Sorelo zimaberekedwa ndi njere komanso mosavel. Bedi lakonzedwa mu kugwa. Pamadothi osakwanira kukumba (kulima), feteleza wachilengedwe kapena michere umayikidwa pa mlingo wa 6-8 makilogalamu, superphosphate 20-30 g ndi potaziyamu mankhwala ena 15-20 g pa 1 m2. Kubzala kumatha kuchitidwa mwa magawo atatu: masika oyambirira, chilimwe komanso nyengo yachisanu isanachitike. Mbewu zochezeka kwambiri zimakhala nthawi yobzala yamasika, yomwe imachitika kuyambira masiku khumi a Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi. Bzalani mwachizolowezi, ndikusiya mtunda pakati pa mizere 15 cm 20. M'mizere mbewuzo ndi zolimba, njere zimabzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 0,8-1.0.Pansi pazabwino (chokwanira chinyezi), mbande zimatuluka tsiku la 8-11. Mizereyo ikangodziwika bwino, imasula dothi m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo patatha sabata patatha mbande zochulukirazo, mbande zimadulidwamo, ndikuzisiya patali ndi masentimita 5-7 kuchokera pa mzake.
Kubzala kwa chilimwe kumachitika mchaka cha II-III mu June. Ngati dzinja lili louma, muyenera kumunyowetsa nthaka bwino (kufikira masentimita 12) masiku awiri musanafese. Ndi nthawi yofesa nthawi yozizira (Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Novembala), njere zimabzalidwa kuya kosazama (0.5-0.8 cm) kuposa kasupe. Kusiya kumakhala kumasula nthaka, kuchotsa udzu ndi kuthirira. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo wamasamba nthawi yokulira, dothi limakhazikika masentimita 3-4 mpaka akuya masentimita 4-5. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, kumayambiriro kwa masika, mbewu zimadyetsedwa feteleza kapena michere ya feteleza (15-20 g ya ammonium nitrate, 20 g ya superphosphate ndi 5-10 g wa potashi mchere pa 1 m2). Kenako dothi limamasulidwa ndikuya masentimita 10-12, ndikuthira feteleza mosamala.
Nthawi yakula, masamba a sorelo amakolola kangapo, masiku 15 mpaka 15 aliwonse. Mukakolola zochuluka, timitseko timamasulidwa ndipo, ngati ndi kotheka, timathiriridwa. Masiku 20-25 nyengo yomera isanathe, kukolola masamba kumayimitsidwa; mphukira zamaluwa zomwe zimawoneka nthawi yakula zimachotsedwa. Kuti mupeze mbewu, mphukira zamaluwa zimasiyidwa pazomera 6-8 za chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Adzapereka kuchuluka kwa mbewu zosinthidwa. Kupanga koyambirira, malo okhala m'mafilimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito - kumapeto, mafelemu amaikidwa pamwamba pa kama, ndipo m'zaka khumi za February, amawatulira filimuyo. Pokhala pabalaza mafilimu, mbewu zimapereka malonda pamasiku 12-15 m'mbuyomu kuposa malo otseguka. Chipinda zaka 3-4 za moyo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupukusa. Mu nthawi yophukira, amakumba ndi dothi lapansi, ndikusunthira kumalo osungirako ndikusungira kutentha kwa 0-2 ° C. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Febere, amakumba dothi lobiriwira, ndikuthiriridwa bwino ndipo patatha masiku 20-25 kukolola koyamba kwa masamba kumachitika. Ngati dera la mbewu yobiriwira ilola, mbewu zitha kuyikidwa mu nthaka mu nthawi yakugwa, mutangofukula. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muzitsuka amadyera nthawi yonse yozizira, yomwe ndiyofunika kwambiri.
© Wayne Cheng
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chimodzi mwazofala zamatenda a sorelo ndi downy mildew.. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, kutentha kwa mbewu kumachitika. Zowopsa pamasamba a sorelo zimapangitsa kachilomboka masamba ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi tiziromboti, sorelo amathiridwa ndi fositi ndi fumbi la shaggy ndikuwononga zotsalira kukolola.
