Kuvala kwamalimwe kwa mbewu zamasamba kutchire

Kuti tikwaniritse bwino chilimwe komanso tithandizireni kupanga mbewu yokhazikika, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yokonzekera nyengo yozizira:

fufuzani mankhwala mundawo ndikugula feteleza wosowa, kuphatikiza feteleza wosavuta ndi zinthu;
munthu kufufuza zinthu, osazolowereka masamba kukula - ayodini ndi boric acid, soda; pa zakudya, yisiti yachilengedwe, mankhwala ena achilengedwe (Baikal EM-1, Ekomik ochulukitsa ndi ena) adzafunika; pakugwa, mulu wa phulusa kuchokera kumitengo yoyaka nkhuni ndi zinyalala zina zofunikira zakonzedwa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere. © vsgawade

Muyeneranso kuyang'ana masanjidwe azomera zamasamba zomwe zimasinthasintha m'munda. Patukani m'magulu azikhalidwe, momwe magawo ndi nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito feteleza (mwachitsanzo: gawo lodzala ndi masiku 10 oyambirira a Meyi, gawo la kukula kwa mazira lachiwiri masiku khumi a Juni).

Werengani zambiri za kasinthidwe kazomera m'nkhaniyi "Njira zisanu zotembenuzira mbewu mu kanyumba ka chilimwe."

Ntchito yonse yokonzekera imapereka nthawi yachilimwe mwachindunji kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yomwe mwakonza, nthawi yake yoyenera yomwe ndikoyenera kukonzekera sabata (kotero kuti mwayi ndi "kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono").

Ntchito yofunikira feteleza ndi yophukira ndi masika.

Monga lamulo, mlingo waukulu ndi mitundu ya feteleza umayikidwa pophikika yophukira kapena amagawidwa m'dzinja ndikupereka / kutsatsa masika. Koma zomerazi sizingakwanire mbewu, makamaka zomwe zimapanga zazikulu ndi mbewu. Pofuna kuti lisasokoneze dothi, kulisintha kwa nthawi kuti likhale loyera la mchenga, dziko lapansi liyenera kubwezeretsa michere yomwe idachotsedwa. Komanso kubwererako kuyenera kukhala monga mitundu yachilengedwe, yomwe magulu ena a nthaka amaumbika kuti asunthire mitundu ya mchere wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbeu.

Mitundu yazodyetsa nthawi yakula

Nthawi yakula, makamaka kuvala kwamizu ndi kumodzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuvala kwamizu nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi feteleza wosungunuka wa madzi mu mawonekedwe olimba kapena osungunuka, komanso foliar - pokhapokha pothana ndi mavuto.

Mukamavala bwino feteleza ndi manyowa amadzimadzi, ayenera kumaliza mankhwalawo posinthira njira yothetsera mbewu kuti isatenthe mpaka moto. Kuvala kwamizu kumachitika m'chigawo choyamba cha nyengo yachilimwe mpaka mizere ndi matayala atsekedwa, kenako amasinthana ndi zina zowonjezera pazomera zobiriwira.

Mavalidwe apamwamba achabechabe amathera nthawi yonse yakukula.

Feteleza m'nthaka. © Dorling Kindersley

Mitundu ya feteleza kudyetsa

Mukamavala kwambiri, mbewu zimayenera kulandira chakudya choyenera ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu gawo linalake lachitukuko. Zabwino kwambiri kudyetsa ndi ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu sulfate, potaziyamu nitrate, kawiri superphosphate, urea, feteleza wopatsa micronutrient, Kemira-universal.

Pakadali pano, feteleza wa mchere amapangidwa, moyenerera ndi zofunika zina za mbewu. Chifukwa chake, Kemira amapangidwa mwanjira yamasamba ndi mbatata kemira, phwetekere agrotuk ya tomato, nkhaka za nkhaka, nyemba, nandolo zokhala ndi potaziyamu, molybdenum, magnesium, boron, chifukwa cha mbewu ya mizu - Masamba ndi ena.

Zomwe sizingadyetsedwe?

Pokonzekera nyengo yachilimwe, ndikofunikira kufotokoza zomwe kuvala kwapamwamba kudzachitika (muzu, mizu yowonjezerapo), momwe magawo ndi mndandanda wazofanana wa feteleza wosakaniza tanki.

Nyengo yachilimwe, kuvala pamwamba sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zobiriwira zamasamba kapena zonunkhira. Kwa iwo, ntchito yofunikira ya feteleza (radish, anyezi pa nthenga zobiriwira, katsabola, parsley, saladi, sorelo ndi ena) ndikwanira.

Gawo la kudyera pabwino

Pachikhalidwe, kuvala mizu kumachitika m'magawo otsatirawa:

kwa masiku 10-12 a mbande zazikulu za masamba obzala,
Patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala mbande panthaka,
Gawo la maluwa - chiyambi cha maluwa,
pambuyo maluwa,
mu gawo la kukula kwamchiberekero
kukolola kambiri (nkhaka, phwetekere, tsabola wokoma, biringanya) - kukolola kumapeto kwotsatira.

Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba amachitidwa, monga lamulo, m'masiku asanu ndi limodzi atatha muzu.

Kuvala mwachangu foliar kumachitika ndi njala yodziwika bwino ya mbewu, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi boma la mlengalenga, masamba, masamba.

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yothandizira zitsamba ndi nthawi yam'mawa mpaka maola 10 ndipo masana pambuyo maola 15.

Njira zolimbikitsidwira zamagulu a mbewu ndizovomerezeka mwachilengedwe, makamaka kwa oyambitsa m'maluwa. Omwe ali ndi chidwi, monga lamulo, ali ndi njira zawo zabwino zopangira nthawi ndi njira zodyetsera.

Njira yodyetsa miyambo

Pazigawo za mbande za masamba ambiri azomera zamasamba, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika ndi feteleza wa ammonia pamtunda wa 8-12 g / linear mita. Feteleza amathandizidwa pakati pa mzere-spacings, adakutidwa ndi dothi lothirira pambuyo pake. Ngati dothi ndilabwinobwino, ndiye kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri kumeza feteleza wa nayitrophos womwewo.

Mbande za ndiwo zamasamba zodyetsedwa pansi nthawi yoyamba zimadyetsedwa koyamba ndi nitroammophos muyezo wa 10-15 g / mita, ndikutsatira ndikuthilira dothi.

M'magawo otsatirawa okukula kwa mbewu, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika molingana ndi magawo omwe akufuna. Masamba amafunikira michere yochulukirapo kwambiri pa nthawi yopukutira, kuchuluka kwa mlengalenga, komanso mkati mwa kukula kwa zipatso. Nthawi izi, kuvala pamwamba ndizovomerezeka, kuphatikiza foliar. Otsatirawa ndi zakudya zamasamba zamagulu azilimwe m'chilimwe.

Kudyetsa dzungu mbewu yotentha

Koyamba, nkhaka, zukini, sikwashi, squash zimadyetsedwa feteleza wopanda ma nitrogen kapena nitrophos mu gawo la masamba a masamba a 3-4 osatulutsidwa, pafupifupi 2-3 g pansi pa chitsamba cha nkhaka ndi 3-4 g pansi pa dzungu. Mutha kuweta nitroammofosku kapena Kemir. Sungunulani 25-30 g ya feteleza mu 10 l madzi ndikutsanulira 1.5-2.0 l / sq kuchokera kuthirira kungadutse muzu. m landings.

Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimapangidwa mu gawo la budding, makamaka ndi phulusa mumipata kapena ndi yankho la organic. Ngati dothi 70-80% yokutidwa ndi msipu wobiriwira wazomera, ndiye kuti mulimbikire kwa masiku awiri makapu awiri a phulusa 10 malita a madzi ndikutsanulira kuchokera kuthilira popanda khungubwe, kuyesera kulowa pansi pa chitsamba. Mu kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa, mutha kuwonjezera mankhwalawa "abwino" kapena ena, okhala ndi kufufuza zinthu. Ngati pali feteleza wachilengedwe, ndiye kuti muthira manyowa 0,5 makilogalamu kapena ndowe mu malita 10 amadzi, tsimikizirani kwa masiku 1-2 ndikutsanulira pansi pa muzu. Pambuyo povala pamwamba, onetsetsani kuti mwatsuka masamba oyambira.

Nkhaka © amatsekokota

Pambuyo maluwa, gawo la kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira, dzungu limaphatikizidwa ndi nitrophos, chisakanizo cha urea ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu, pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulfate. Per sq. mamita kupanga 6-10 g wa feteleza. Pakatha masiku 4-6 mutavala muzu uliwonse, zothetsera zamafuta za zinthu zitha kuchitika molingana ndi malingaliro pokonzekera yankho.

Chakudya Solanaceae

Tomato, tsabola belu ndi mabiringanya m'magawo onse omwe amagwa nthawi kuyambira Meyi mpaka June amadyetsedwa ndi nitrophos kapena feteleza wina wovuta. Munthawi imeneyi, kuvala kwamafuta ndi njira ya Kemira ndi kuwonjezera kwa boric acid kapena kukonzekera kwa "Giant" ndikofunikira. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kuvala kwapamwamba ndi mathonje kapena nkhuku ndikasungunuka m'madzi a 8-10 ndi 12-15 malita, motsatana.

Posachedwa, masamba azomwe akuwonetsa akuwonetsa zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito mayankho osagwirizana omwe ali ndi phindu pa nightshade. 30 madontho a ayodini, supuni yopanda pamwamba pa boric acid ndi supuni yotsekemera yopanda zakumwa za solo itasungunuka mu 10 L madzi. Mutha kuwonjezera supuni ya ammonium nitrate. Kusakaniza kwa thankiyo kumalimbikitsidwa ndikusamalidwa ndi mbewu. Kuyambira mu Julayi, solanaceae amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu (wouma), kuwatseka mu kanjira ka 3040 g / linear mita kapena 40-60 g / sq. m lalikulu. Kudyetsa ndi yankho la yisiti yachilengedwe (100 g pa 10 l yamadzi) ndi kothandiza. Kumwa pansi pa chitsamba ndi malita a madzi a 1.0-1,5.

Pepper © Maureen Gilmer

Mavalidwe a mbatata

Mbatata sindimakonda feteleza wachilengedwe wachilengedwe ndipo makamaka pa nthawi yomwe akukula ndikupanga mbewu, pamafunika phosphate ndipo makamaka feteleza wa potashi.

Pansi pa mbatata kupanga zonse zofunika feteleza mu kugwa kapena mwachindunji pansi pa kubzala kwa tubers. Feteleza wabwino kwambiri ndi mbatata ya kemira kapena kemira wachilengedwe chonse. Popeza palibe, nitrophoska imayambitsidwa pansi pa kubzala mbatata. Mlingo wofikira ndi 60-80 g / sq. m lalikulu. Ngati feteleza mwachindunji akagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, ndiye kuti 15-20 g pachitsime chilichonse. Feteleza amasakanikirana ndi dothi. Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, amamwetsedwa ndi nitrofos kapena kemira pa mlingo wa 30-40 g / sq. m .. Kudyetsa kotsatira kumachitika mu gawo la kukula kwa tuber.

Mbatata. - magawo

Nyemba zapamwamba

Nandolo zamasamba, nyemba, nyemba - mbewu zomwe zimadya michere yambiri pamtundu uliwonse wa kapangidwe ka mbewu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhathamiritsa umuna wonsewo pakumakula pambuyo pa masiku 15-20 ndi feteleza wathunthu (nitrophoska, feteleza wina). Zabwino pa gulu la zomera mankhwala "Giant".

MaLeam akufuna kuti pakhale nthaka ya potaziyamu yokwanira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mbewuyo popereka michere kuzomera zomwe zikubwera. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala zovala zapamwamba zapamwamba zosakanizidwa ndi potaziyamu sulfate (supuni 1-2 pa ndowa). Pambuyo maluwa, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito phulusa kapena phulusa kuti mudyetse.

Chinsinsi cha Crucifer

White kabichi, kolifulawa ndi mitundu ina amafunikira kuchuluka kwa michere, kuyambira gawo lopanga mutu.

Kalichi oyambilira samadyetsedwa. Chakudya chapakatikati ndi mochedwa masiku 10-15 mutabzala yotseguka nitrophosic ndi kuwonjezera kwa kufufuza zinthu. 3-4 supuni za feteleza zimasenda mu malita 10 amadzi ndikuthilira malo oyambira m'mphepete mwa chomeracho. Otsatirawa ndi kuthirira ndi mulching. Lachiwiri mu gawo loyambira kupindika kwa mutu wa kabichi limachitika bwino ndi nyama kapena chomera, koma ndikofunikira ndi 20-30 g ya superphosphate pachidebe chimodzi cha yankho la mullein kapena mbalame zitosi. Zamoyo zimayikidwa mu chiŵerengero cha gawo limodzi la feteleza mpaka magawo khumi ndi asanu a madzi. Motsatira milungu itatu kapena itatu, mavalidwe enanso awiri apamwamba amachitika ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka a superphosphate ndi potaziyamu 20-25 g pachidebe chilichonse chamadzi. Ndiosavuta kudyetsa kabichi ndi kemira wachilengedwe, crystalline kapena kristalo. Feteleza izi, kuphatikiza pazinthu zoyambira, muli boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, magnesium, yofunikira kuti pakhale mutu wathunthu.

Momwe mungadziwire zomwe mbewu ikusowa?

Nthawi zina mavalidwe apamwamba satukula bwino mbeu. Poterepa, chikhalidwe cha micronutrient mwina sichokwanira. Kuperewera kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa mosavuta ndi boma la misa pamwambapa.

Kuperewera kwa Manganese kumawonekera pakaso patali la masamba kuchokera masamba akale mpaka achichepere,
kusowa kwa chitsulo, m'malo mwake, kumayambitsa chikasu pakati pa mitsempha; Kusintha kwa khungu kumayamba ndi masamba achichepere ndipo pang'onopang'ono kufalikira kuchokera kumtunda kuyambira masamba achichepere kupita kwa okalamba omwe amakhala pamunsi pa chomera.
chlorosis yathunthu ya tsamba (tsamba latsamba mwachilengedwe lowoneka bwino) limawonetsa kusowa kwa nayitrogeni,
kuperewera kwa magnesium kumatsimikiziridwa mosavuta ndi chikasu cha m'mphepete mwa tsamba ndi tsamba lofiirira; Pang'onopang'ono tsamba limayamba kuwoneka ndi kugwa,
phosphorous imawoneka ngati mawonekedwe amkuwa wamasamba, ndi potaziyamu - violet-buluu; mmera umayamba kutsalira kuchokera kumabedi ena athanzi lotsatira,
kusowa kwa zinc kumalepheretsa chitukuko; ma infode akhazikika mu chitsamba, chitsamba chimasanduka "socket",
kusowa kwa calcium kumapangitsa kufa kwa msambo; ndipo nthawi zina zimapitirira, koma mazira amagwera,
kugwa kwa ovary kumawonedwa ndi kusowa kwa boron.

Mukazindikira kusowa kwa chinthu chimodzi kapena china mu mbewuyo ndi mawonekedwe ake, cholondola kwambiri ndikulumikizana ndi labotale yapafupi ndikuwunika dothi ndi mbewu. Ngati izi sizingatheke, gwiritsani ntchito mbewu ziwiri ndi yankho la zomwe zikutsatira ndikuwunika momwe mbewuyo idayambira. Ngati zizindikirozo zikachoka, ndiye kuti chinthu chatsalachi chikusoweka.

Konzani yankho malinga ndi malingaliro anu ndikumapopera mbewuzo kapena pangani yankho pansi pa muzu. Kumbukirani kuti kuphwanya chiwongola dzanja pakati pa zinthu za feteleza kumathandizanso kuti aphwanye kulowa kwawo. Chifukwa chake, pakudya, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangidwa mwaluso, osakonzekera nokha zosakanikirana nokha.