Mauta okongoletsera - Alliums, ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo amatha kukongoletsa dimba lililonse ndi mipira yowala ya inflorescence yawo. Zomera zambirimbiri zosabereka zimayamba kuphulika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophulika ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali "zimasungunuka" pazokongola. Ndipo ngakhale atatulutsa maluwa, nthawi yakucha nthanga, mitu yowuma ya anyezi yokongoletsera imawoneka yokongola kwambiri.
Bow Bow 'Purple Surance'. © Jay PegAnyezi wokongoletsa ndi abale apachibale anyezi wamba komanso adyo ndipo ndi gawo la anyezi subfamily (Alliaceae) Banja la Amaryllis (Amaryllidaceae) Ngati mukupukuta tsamba, tsinde kapena anyezi wa chomera chilichonse kuchokera kubanja ili, ndiye kuti kununkhira "anyezi" kapena "adyo" komwe kumadziwika. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya anyezi yomwe imamera kumpoto.
Masamba olowa ngati masamba aminga a anyezi woyambira. Duwa lililonse la anyezi ndi laling'ono kwambiri, koma maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi inflorescence, omwe amapatsa mbewuyo zokongoletsera zoyambira.
Mipira ya inflorescence ya mauta okongoletsa ena imatha kufika masentimita 30, mwachitsanzo, uta wa Christoph (Allium cristophii) Anyezi wokongoletsa kwambiri amatulutsa mu Meyi-June, komanso palinso mitundu ya maluwa yophukira. Maluwa amtundu wamtundu wina amatha nthawi yayitali ndipo atamaliza kumera sadzatha mawonekedwe ake okongola. Chifukwa chake, mipira yowuma ya inflorescence ya zokongoletsera za Christophe imawoneka yokongola kwambiri m'munda wophukira kuposa wofiirira wowala bwino m'chaka.
Anyezi wamkulu 'Globalbemaster'. © amyZambiri za kukula anyezi wokongoletsa
Maloanyezi ambiri ndi ojambula, motero, amasankha malo okhala ndi dzuwa ndi malo otsetsereka a kum'mwera okhala ndi dothi labwino lotetezedwa. Kuunikira kwabwino kwambiri kumapangitsa kukula kwa maluwa ndi masamba.
Dothi: Pafupifupi ndale zimayankhidwa m'nthaka. Pa pH pansipa 5, nthaka iyenera kukhala yocheperako.
Feteleza: Pokonzekera malo obzala anyezi, dothi limakonzedwa ndi manyowa owola ndipo feteleza wathunthu wama mineral wothandizidwa ndi micheremo umayikidwa, kutengera zomwe zikuwonetsa chonde. Monga mbewu zonse za babu, anyezi wokongoletsera amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikusowa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka. Feteleza wabwino kwambiri wa potashi kwa iwo ndi phulusa.
Kuthirira: Anyezi amalola kuti pakhale chilala komanso kufalikira kwa nthawi yochepa m'nthaka. Kukwanira chinyezi lokwanira ndi gawo lofunikira kuti mbewu zikule bwino nthawi yoyamba kukula, pomwe zida zamaluwa zimapangidwa. Ndikusowa chinyezi, kukula kwa masamba kumayambiranso kuyambiranso kuthilira.
Uta wopindika 'Mount Everest'. © Pressebereich DehnerKusamalira uta
Mukakulitsa zokongoletsera zamtundu wa Allium m'malo otentha, ndibwino kukumba mababu chaka chilichonse mutapsa ndi kupukuta masamba ndikuwadzalanso nthawi yophukira.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti anyezi a ephemeroid ndi mitundu yambiri ya anyezi ya xerophytic amachokera ku lamba wapakati wamapiri a Central Asia - malo omwe amakhala otentha komanso otentha nthawi yayitali. M'dziko lakwathu kumapeto kwa nyengo yokulira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, mababu amtunduwu ali munthaka youma mpaka mvula. Palibe mvula panthawiyi.
Pakati pakatikati pa Russia, ngati theka lachiwiri la chilimwe limakhala lonyowa komanso lozizira, mababu omwe atatsalira pansi amatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda ndikuvunda. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuzikumba, kuziwuma bwino ndi kuzisungira m'chipinda chofunda komanso chotseguka kufikira mutagwa. M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yabwino, mababu sangathe kukumbidwa chaka chilichonse, koma mutakhuthala, mbewuzo zimamera pang'ono ndikufalikira.
Mu nthawi yophukira, mababu amabzalidwa patatha kuchepa kwa nthaka ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, nthawi zambiri mzaka zitatu za Seputembala. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mizu ndi kutentha kwa nthaka m'dera la mapangidwe a mizu pamlingo wa 10 ° ะก. Kukula kwa mababu kumatsimikiziridwa kuchokera pakuwerengera kotero kuti pamwamba pake pamwambapo pali wosanjikiza lapansi wofanana ndi atatu mtunda wa babuyo. Chifukwa chake, mababu akuluakulu amabzalidwa mozama kwambiri kuposa ang'onoang'ono.
Ndikwabwino kubzala mu poyambira ponyowa, pamwamba pa kubzala iwo akhathamiritsidwa ndi humus kapena peat, zomwe zimalepheretsa mapangidwe a nthaka kutumphuka. Mu nthawi yophukira, kukula kwa mizu kumapitilira mpaka kutentha kwa dothi m'dera la kupezeka kwawo kutsikira ku 2-3 ° C. Mababu amtundu wina - njenjete, Ostrovsky, pinki, buluu, anyezi wabuluu-wabuluu - amathanso kubzala mu yophukira ndi masika pambuyo posungirako pamalo ozizira, owuma. Anyezi ang'ono amasungidwa bwino mu peat kapena utuchi kuti asawume.
Uta wa Christophe. © konzekeraniMitundu ya bulbous-rhizome imakulidwa muchikhalidwe chamuyaya ndipo imafalitsidwa ndikugawa tchire. Zomera zimadzulidwa pambuyo pa zaka 3-5, nthawi zina ngakhale zitatha zaka 7, koma muzochitika izi, minda yokhazikika iyenera kupetedwa osaloledwa kudzilimitsa yokha.
Madeti oyenera kubzala ndi oyambirira masika komanso kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndikuyembekeza kuti ogawikawo adazika mizu kwambiri.
Nthawi iliyonse masika, malowa ayenera kumasulidwa kwambiri, kutsukidwa kwa zinyalala za mbewu ndi chisanu. Kusamalira mbewu nthawi yakula ndichizolowezi - kulima, kumasula ndi kuyika nthaka.
Zomera zimathiriridwa pokhapokha ngati pali chinyontho, zimadyetsedwa bwino mu kasupe pambuyo pa kukula kwa masamba, komanso gawo la budding ndi mapangidwe apamwamba komanso kumapeto kwa chirimwe phosphorous-potaziyamu kuti achulukitse nyengo yachisanu. Pazovala zapamwamba masika, ma feteleza ovuta a mineral (NPKMg) okhala ndi ma microelements amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusankha mafomu okhala ndi nitrogen yambiri pamitundu ya nitrate. M'chilimwe, kuphatikiza manyowa ndi yankho la michere ya mchere kumachitika. Mukamadyetsa a Ogasiti, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pouma. M'nyengo yozizira, kubzala kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi peat kapena humus.
Kufalikira kwa anyezi wokongoletsa
Anyezi wopangidwa ndi njere ndi zipatso.
Mbewu zofesedwa kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira. Mbande imalowa mu zitunda zabwino. Pofalitsa mbewu, mfundo ziwiri zofunika kuziganizira. Choyamba, mbewu za mitundu yambiri, mwachitsanzo xerophytic ephemeroids - zimphona, aflatunsky, zosokonekera, ndi zina zambiri. Sizotheka nthawi zonse kusinthitsa ndi moyo wa alumali wa mbewu mufiriji. Ndipo kachiwiri, mutakula kuchokera ku mbewu, mitundu yambiri ya anyezi - anzura, adyo wamtchire, etc. - pachimake mchaka cha 3-8, pokhapokha ngati mababu afika pamtunda wokwanira kubereka. Anyezi wa Ephemeroid wokhala ndi nyengo yochepa yazomera zapachaka amakhala ndi gawo lalitali kwambiri la achinyamata.
Kufalikira kwamasamba amitundu yodziwika bwino kumachitika pakumata (magawidwe) a mababu ndikupanga ana a babu, ndikupanga pansi ndi stolons ya mayi wapamwamba. Kuchulukitsa kwa nthambi ya babu ndi kuthekera kopanga ana ndi mikhalidwe ya mitundu. Mitundu ya Rhizome, yodziwika ndi nthambi zolimba za mphukira, kubereka makamaka pogawa chitsamba.
Mukakulitsa mbewu kuchokera ku mbewu, tchire zitha kugawidwa kuchokera chaka chachitatu cha moyo. Zolemba ndizigawo za rhizome zokhala ndi mphukira ziwiri mpaka zitatu ndi mizu yolimba. Mitundu yonse, mababu ang'onoang'ono, mababu, amatha kupanga ma inflorescence. Mapangidwe awo amatha kulimbikitsidwa mwakudula masamba ndikusintha ndi owongolera kukula. Mabomba angagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala. Ichi ndi chofunikira, chokhazikika, chaching'ono komanso phytopathogenic chodzala mwaulere.
Anyezi wokhala ndi mutu wozungulira. © Patrick StandishKugwiritsa ntchito uta wokongoletsa popanga
Uta wokongoletsera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala m'magulu, mitundu yosakanikirana, mitundu ya pansi - pamiyala. Dulani mauta okongoletsa kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi milungu iwiri, kongoletsani zamkati, ndipo mbewu zouma zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pouma. Kuyambira anyezi, mutha kupanga dimba la maluwa opitilira maluwa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya anyezi yokongoletsera
Uta wokongoletsera "Globemaster" - yunifolomu yabwino kwambiri yam'munda. Umayamba kutulutsa mu June, ndipo nthawi zambiri umatha ndi nthawi yophukira. Spherical inflorescence, okhala ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka 25 masentimita, ali ndi maluwa ambiri okhala ndi nyenyezi. Maudzu ofanana ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira amafikira kutalika kwa 80 cm.
Uta wokongoletsera "Pompopompo" - munda wodziwika bwino wamtundu wokongoletsa uta wopangidwa ndi hybrid woyambira ndi maluwa akuda. Zoyimira zamtunduwu zimapangidwanso ndi mbeu. Nthawi zambiri, mpaka 70 masentimita okwera, ndipo okhala ndi nthiti pang'ono, amatuluka mpaka 4 cm mulifupi ndi maluwa ofiira ngati chikho.
Uta wokongoletsa "Mount Everest" - uta wokongoletsa wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu oyera ndi mivi yayitali yokulira masentimita 120. Masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola amakhalabe obiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali. Maambulera ozungulira omwe ali ndi mainchesi 15 masentimita ali ndi maluwa angapo owoneka ngati nyenyezi. Dulani inflorescence amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maluwa.
Anyezi wokhala ndi mutu wozungulira 'Tsitsi'. © Patrick StandishUta wokongoletsa "Tsitsi" - uta wokongoletsa wokhala ndi maluwa apadera ndi masamba abuluu. Ntchito bwino m'minda ya maluwa ndi kudula. Chomera chomwe chili ndi fungo labwino, chofalikira mosavuta, sichimabweretsa zovuta mchikhalidwe. Zoyenera kukhala ndi zotengera, kutchera misa, malire, ndi kudula. Amaluwa ochokera kumapeto kwa masika kwa milungu itatu.
Anyezi wokongoletsera wozungulira mutu, kapena wamutu-wamutu (Allium sphaerocephalon) ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri chomwe chingabzalidwe m'mabedi amaluwa ndi zitsamba zina zosatha. Imayikidwa pa kapinga ndi kapinga, komanso pakati pa mitengo yazipatso kapena pansi pawo, monga zimachitikira ku England. Mukabzala m'magulu akulu, uta wopangidwa ndi mutu wa mpira umawoneka wochititsa chidwi momwe ungathere.
Uta wa Schubert. © SimoneUta wa Kukongoletsa wa Schubert (Allium schubertii) ndizachilendo kwambiri kuti nthawi yoyamba yomwe muwona chomera ichi, simudzazindikira msanga kuti ndi anyezi. Limamasula mu June. Chomera nthawi zambiri chimabzalidwa kutsogolo kwa munda wamwala, pomwe chimakopa chidwi chake ndikuchokera. Mababu sasiyana mu kukana chisanu, chifukwa chake amafunika pogona nyengo yachisanu.
